This PowerPoint presentation summarizes key points from Chapter 2 on diagnosis and assessment in abnormal psychology. It covers the purpose of assessment for description and prediction. Diagnosis involves classifying problems into recognized categories and the criticisms of this approach. The DSM-IV system and its axes are outlined. Issues around the reliability and validity of assessments are discussed. Common assessment methods like interviews, psychological tests, observation and laboratory tests are also summarized. The presentation concludes by recapping the main points covered in the chapter.

1. 1A PowerPoint™ Slide Presentation forAbnormal Psychology Ninth Edition 9/eLauren B. Alloy, Ph.D.John H. Riskind, Ph.D.Margaret B. ManosDeveloped by Joseph A. Davis, Ph.D.McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2005. This McGraw-Hill multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission over any network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

2. 2Chapter 2Diagnosis and Assessment

3. 3Chapter Main PointsDiagnosis and Assessment: The IssuesMethods of AssessmentCultural Bias in Assessment

4. 4Diagnosis and AssessmentPsychological Assessment:The collection, organization, and interpretation of information about a person and his or her situation

5. 5Why Assessment?Description:The rendering of an accurate portrait of personality, cognitive functioning, mood, and behaviorPrediction:Predict future behavior based on present functioning

6. 6Diagnosis of Mental DisordersDiagnosis:The person’s problem is classified within one of a set of recognized categories of abnormal behavior and is labeled accordingly

7. 7Diagnosis of Mental DisordersThe Classification of Abnormal BehaviorThe Practice of DiagnosisPrognosisCriticisms of Diagnosis

8. 8Diagnosis of Mental DisordersCategorical Classification:Sorting of patients into diagnostic categoriesDimensional Classification:Based on dimensions of pathology

9. 9The DSM-IV SystemSpecific Diagnostic Criteria:Essential featuresAssociated featuresDiagnostic criteriaDifferential diagnosis

10. 10The DSM-IV SystemDSM Five Axes of DiagnosisAxis I - Clinical syndromeAxis II - Personality disordersAxis III - General medical disordersAxis IV - Psychosocial/environmental problemsAxis V - Global assessment of functioning

11. 11The DSM-IV System

12. 12The DSM-IV SystemUnspecified Cause:Avoids any suggestion as to the cause of a disorder unless the cause has been definitely established

13. 13ReliabilityReliability:The degree to which findings can stand the test of repeated measurementsCriteria for Reliability:Internal consistencyTest-retest reliabilityInterjudge (interrater) reliability

14. 14ValidityValidity:Extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measureDescriptive Validity:Degree to which an assessment device provides significant information about the current behavior of the people being assessed

15. 15ValidityPredictive Validity:Degree to which an assessment answers questions about cause, prognosis, and treatment

16. 16Problems in AssessmentProblems in Assessment:Manner in which assessor conducts interviewManner in which assessor interprets the evidencePragmatic considerations that interfere with accurate evaluation

17. 17The InterviewThe Interview:A face-to-face conversation between subject and examinerMental Status Exam (MSE):a very broad examination aimed at turning up any sign of disorder

18. 18Psychological TestsPsychological Test:A standard procedure in which persons are presented with a series of stimuli to which they are asked to respondPsychometric Approach:Psychometrists attempt to locate stable underlying characteristics, or traits, that presumably exist in differing degrees in everyone

19. 19Psychological TestsIntelligence Testing:Concept of Intelligence Quotient (IQ)WAIS-R, Stanford-Binet, K-ABC, OtherProjective Personality Testing:Rorschach Psychodiagnostic Inkblot TestThematic Apperception Test (TAT)Sentence Completion Test

20. 20Psychological Tests: Intelligence(questions similar to Wechsler)General Information- How many wings does a bird have?General Comprehension- What is the advantage of keeping money in a bank?Arithmetic - If an apple costs $0.10, how much should a dozen apples cost?Similarities - In what ways are a lion and a tiger alike?Vocabulary - What does ______ mean? (wide range of difficulty)

21. 21Psychological Tests: Projective

22. 22Psychological TestsSelf-report Personality Inventories:Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)The L (Lie) ScaleThe K (Subtle Defensiveness) ScaleThe F (infrequency) ScaleTest Response SetsMillon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III)Millon Personality Scales

23. 23

24. 24Psychological Tests for OrganicityThe Bender-Gestalt Test for Organic Screening

25. 25 Laboratory TestsElectroencephalogram (EEG)Polygraph ExaminationGalvanic Skin Response (GSR)Electromyogram (EMG)Polysomnography

26. 26Observation in Natural SettingsSituational Variables:Environmental stimuli that precede and follow any given actionPerson Variables:The person’s stable traits

27. 27Recapping the Main PointsDiagnosis and Assessment: The IssuesMethods of AssessmentCultural Bias in Assessment

28. 28End of Chapter 2Diagnosis and Assessment