Estimating the Size and Operations of the Public Sector and its Impact on Wheat Markets in Pakistan: A Post-18th Constitutional Amendment Inquiry by Dr. Vaqar Ahmed, Sustainable Development Policy Institute, Islamabad
The document provides an overview of the global precious metals market in 2009. It summarizes that gold prices averaged $973 per ounce in 2009, up 12% from 2008. China became the largest gold producer in 2007 and 2008. Global gold production in 2009 was estimated at 2,488 metric tons, up 3% from 2008. India was the largest consumer of gold in 2008 at 578 metric tons. The document also provides tables of historical gold production, consumption, prices, and reserves by country. It concludes by noting expected rising gold demand from resurgent Southeast Asian economies and India.
The document discusses trends in internet and mobile device usage from 2012. It notes that global internet users grew by 8% in 2011 to over 2 billion, with most growth occurring in emerging markets like China and India. Mobile adoption was also rising rapidly, with over 1 billion global 3G subscribers by late 2011, though this still only represented 18% of mobile users. The iPad saw much faster adoption than the iPod or iPhone, shipping over 70 million units within its first 8 quarters. Android phone adoption was even more rapid than the iPhone.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth despite rising user numbers. This gap represents a major opportunity if mobile advertising models can be improved.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth for companies like Google and Facebook as mobile usage increases. However, mobile traffic and app revenues are also growing quickly, suggesting substantial monetization potential if these gaps can be closed.
The document discusses trends in internet and mobile device usage from 2012. It notes that global internet users grew by 8% in 2011 to over 2 billion, with most growth occurring in emerging markets like China and India. Mobile adoption is also growing rapidly, with over 1 billion global 3G subscribers by late 2011, though this still only represents 18% of mobile users. The iPad saw much faster adoption than the iPod or iPhone, shipping over 70 million units in its first 8 quarters. Android phone adoption has also ramped up faster than the iPhone.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth for companies even as user engagement shifts to mobile. However, the document also notes that the mobile market still has significant room for monetization growth over time.
Kpcbinternettrends2012final 120530095815 Phpapp01J. Kim Scholes
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth for companies like Google and Facebook as mobile usage increases. However, mobile traffic and transactions are also growing quickly, presenting opportunities for new business models to better monetize the mobile ecosystem.
Kleiner Perkins Mary Meeker Internet Trends 2012TedOBrien
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth despite rising user numbers. This gap represents a major opportunity for the mobile industry to develop new monetization models.
The document provides an overview of the global precious metals market in 2009. It summarizes that gold prices averaged $973 per ounce in 2009, up 12% from 2008. China became the largest gold producer in 2007 and 2008. Global gold production in 2009 was estimated at 2,488 metric tons, up 3% from 2008. India was the largest consumer of gold in 2008 at 578 metric tons. The document also provides tables of historical gold production, consumption, prices, and reserves by country. It concludes by noting expected rising gold demand from resurgent Southeast Asian economies and India.
The document discusses trends in internet and mobile device usage from 2012. It notes that global internet users grew by 8% in 2011 to over 2 billion, with most growth occurring in emerging markets like China and India. Mobile adoption was also rising rapidly, with over 1 billion global 3G subscribers by late 2011, though this still only represented 18% of mobile users. The iPad saw much faster adoption than the iPod or iPhone, shipping over 70 million units within its first 8 quarters. Android phone adoption was even more rapid than the iPhone.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth despite rising user numbers. This gap represents a major opportunity if mobile advertising models can be improved.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth for companies like Google and Facebook as mobile usage increases. However, mobile traffic and app revenues are also growing quickly, suggesting substantial monetization potential if these gaps can be closed.
The document discusses trends in internet and mobile device usage from 2012. It notes that global internet users grew by 8% in 2011 to over 2 billion, with most growth occurring in emerging markets like China and India. Mobile adoption is also growing rapidly, with over 1 billion global 3G subscribers by late 2011, though this still only represents 18% of mobile users. The iPad saw much faster adoption than the iPod or iPhone, shipping over 70 million units in its first 8 quarters. Android phone adoption has also ramped up faster than the iPhone.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth for companies even as user engagement shifts to mobile. However, the document also notes that the mobile market still has significant room for monetization growth over time.
Kpcbinternettrends2012final 120530095815 Phpapp01J. Kim Scholes
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth for companies like Google and Facebook as mobile usage increases. However, mobile traffic and transactions are also growing quickly, presenting opportunities for new business models to better monetize the mobile ecosystem.
Kleiner Perkins Mary Meeker Internet Trends 2012TedOBrien
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth despite rising user numbers. This gap represents a major opportunity for the mobile industry to develop new monetization models.
This document summarizes 5 mining stocks that have shown downside momentum in both the short and long term. It provides the stock ticker, current price, daily price range, trading volume, market capitalization, and week-to-date, month-to-date, quarter-to-date, and year-to-date price changes for each stock. Key data including the company description and 3-year price chart is also given for each stock. The stocks discussed are United States Steel Corporation, Cliffs Natural Resources Inc., Freeport-McMoran Inc., Allegheny Technologies Incorporated, and Southern Copper Corporation.
Critically examine the features of various common money market instruments av...Bilal Ahmed Bhatti
Critically examine the features of various common money market instruments available in corporate sector of Pakistan. Also give theoretical background of the topic
Market efficiency, market anomalies, causes, evidences, and some behavioral a...Alexander Decker
This document discusses market anomalies and the efficient market hypothesis. It provides definitions of market efficiency, forms of market efficiency including weak, semi-strong, and strong forms. It then defines market anomalies as deviations from expected market behavior that cannot be explained by market efficiency. The document categorizes anomalies into fundamental anomalies, technical anomalies, and calendar or seasonal anomalies. It provides examples of calendar anomalies such as the weekend effect and turn-of-the-month effect, and discusses previous studies that have found evidence of these anomalies in various stock markets. The document aims to review market anomalies and discuss their possible causes from both market efficiency and behavioral finance perspectives.
The document discusses various topics related to search including:
1) Search patterns that help users find information that is hard to find.
2) Different ways to search like structured results, social search, and mobile search.
3) Examples of how search has benefited companies like Home Depot, Cabot Corporation, and Sigma-Aldrich.
4) Potential futures of search like concept search, mobile search, knowledge and learning, and ambient findability.
The document discusses behavioral finance at JP Morgan. It provides an overview of behavioral finance concepts like overconfidence, loss aversion, and prospect theory. It then discusses how JP Morgan implements behavioral finance principles in its funds and products, focusing on overconfidence and loss aversion. Specific funds mentioned include the Intrepid Funds, which aim to capitalize on emotions that cause poor investment decisions.
The document discusses the random walk theory, which states that stock price movements cannot be predicted because they follow a random path rather than any predictable patterns. It originated in the 1900s and was popularized in a 1973 book. The random walk theory says past stock performance does not indicate future performance and prices reflect all available information. However, some studies have found evidence of predictability based on factors like earnings. The implications are that market timing is difficult and outperforming the market through analysis alone may involve some luck.
The document discusses the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). Some key points:
- EMH proposes that market prices fully reflect all available information and investors cannot consistently earn abnormal returns. It originated from the Random Walk Hypothesis.
- There are three forms of EMH (weak, semi-strong, strong) based on the information reflected in prices. Research initially supported weak and semi-strong forms but questioned strong form.
- Over time research identified anomalies like momentum and mean reversion that appear to allow abnormal returns, bringing EMH into question. Behavioral finance emerged examining psychological factors.
- While still debated, EMH is no longer considered the sole determinant of market behavior.
The document discusses debt markets in Pakistan, including an overview of bond markets globally and their importance for economic development. It then provides details on the bond market in Pakistan, including the types of bonds issued by the government and private sector as well as the current small size of the domestic bond market. Challenges and opportunities for expanding the bond market in Pakistan are also examined.
Interested in starting a company in Pakistan? Here is a quick 15-min guide for everything you need to know to get started.
This guide is provides an overview of the Pakistan market size, key players, opportunity then dives into topics such as costs of operation, rules/regulations and even local culture.
Pakistan Startup Report is a guide written by local volunteer entrepreneurs and investors. If you are interested in creating such a report for your own country, please contact hello@worldstartupreport.com. Please also consider making a donation to help create more of these free reports for other countries in need.
Thanks for reading!
The document provides information on the global beef trade and consumption as well as key players in the beef industry. The United States, Brazil, and the European Union are the largest consumers of beef worldwide. Brazil, Australia, and the United States are the leading beef exporters globally. The document also summarizes JBS's history of acquisitions to become a leading global meat processor and producer with production facilities in Brazil, Argentina, United States, Australia, and Europe.
Gujarat has experienced significant agricultural growth in recent decades. Some key facts:
1) Gujarat accounts for 5% of India's population but contributes 14% of total exports and 16% of industrial production.
2) Agriculture in Gujarat is less traditional and more commercial compared to other states, with farmers more aware of market opportunities.
3) The state was an early reformer of agricultural marketing and contract farming laws. Growth has also benefited from good monsoon rains and the spread of Bt cotton.
Basic Stats – Internet Growth Remains Robust, Rapid Mobile Adoption Still in Early Stages
2) Re-Imagination – of Nearly Everything
3) Economy – Mixed Trends, With Negative Bias
4) ‘USA, Inc.’ – A Lot to be Excited About in Tech, A Lot to be Worried about in Other Areas
5) Bubble – or Not?
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth for companies even as user engagement increases on mobile. However, the document also notes potential for significant future growth in mobile advertising and commerce.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth for companies even as user engagement shifts to mobile. However, the document also notes that the mobile market still has significant room for monetization growth over time.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth for companies like Google and Facebook as mobile usage increases. However, mobile traffic and app revenues are also growing quickly, suggesting significant monetization potential if the gaps can be closed.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth even as user numbers increase. This gap represents a major opportunity if mobile advertising and apps can become more effective at generating revenue.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth for companies even as user engagement shifts to mobile. However, the document also notes that the mobile market still has significant room for monetization growth over time.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth even as user numbers increase. This gap represents a major opportunity if mobile advertising and apps can become more effective at generating revenue.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth even as user engagement increases on mobile. Platforms like Google and Facebook are seeing mobile drive more user activity but at the cost of lower revenue per user. Overall mobile remains in the early stages of monetizing its massive growth in usage.
The document discusses trends in internet and mobile device usage from 2012. It notes that global internet users grew by 8% in 2011 to over 2 billion, with most growth occurring in emerging markets like China and India. Mobile adoption was also rising rapidly, with over 1 billion global 3G subscribers by late 2011, though this still only represented 18% of mobile users. The iPad saw much faster adoption than the iPod or iPhone, shipping over 70 million units in its first 8 quarters. Android phone adoption was even more rapid than the iPhone.
This document summarizes 5 mining stocks that have shown downside momentum in both the short and long term. It provides the stock ticker, current price, daily price range, trading volume, market capitalization, and week-to-date, month-to-date, quarter-to-date, and year-to-date price changes for each stock. Key data including the company description and 3-year price chart is also given for each stock. The stocks discussed are United States Steel Corporation, Cliffs Natural Resources Inc., Freeport-McMoran Inc., Allegheny Technologies Incorporated, and Southern Copper Corporation.
Critically examine the features of various common money market instruments av...Bilal Ahmed Bhatti
Critically examine the features of various common money market instruments available in corporate sector of Pakistan. Also give theoretical background of the topic
Market efficiency, market anomalies, causes, evidences, and some behavioral a...Alexander Decker
This document discusses market anomalies and the efficient market hypothesis. It provides definitions of market efficiency, forms of market efficiency including weak, semi-strong, and strong forms. It then defines market anomalies as deviations from expected market behavior that cannot be explained by market efficiency. The document categorizes anomalies into fundamental anomalies, technical anomalies, and calendar or seasonal anomalies. It provides examples of calendar anomalies such as the weekend effect and turn-of-the-month effect, and discusses previous studies that have found evidence of these anomalies in various stock markets. The document aims to review market anomalies and discuss their possible causes from both market efficiency and behavioral finance perspectives.
The document discusses various topics related to search including:
1) Search patterns that help users find information that is hard to find.
2) Different ways to search like structured results, social search, and mobile search.
3) Examples of how search has benefited companies like Home Depot, Cabot Corporation, and Sigma-Aldrich.
4) Potential futures of search like concept search, mobile search, knowledge and learning, and ambient findability.
The document discusses behavioral finance at JP Morgan. It provides an overview of behavioral finance concepts like overconfidence, loss aversion, and prospect theory. It then discusses how JP Morgan implements behavioral finance principles in its funds and products, focusing on overconfidence and loss aversion. Specific funds mentioned include the Intrepid Funds, which aim to capitalize on emotions that cause poor investment decisions.
The document discusses the random walk theory, which states that stock price movements cannot be predicted because they follow a random path rather than any predictable patterns. It originated in the 1900s and was popularized in a 1973 book. The random walk theory says past stock performance does not indicate future performance and prices reflect all available information. However, some studies have found evidence of predictability based on factors like earnings. The implications are that market timing is difficult and outperforming the market through analysis alone may involve some luck.
The document discusses the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). Some key points:
- EMH proposes that market prices fully reflect all available information and investors cannot consistently earn abnormal returns. It originated from the Random Walk Hypothesis.
- There are three forms of EMH (weak, semi-strong, strong) based on the information reflected in prices. Research initially supported weak and semi-strong forms but questioned strong form.
- Over time research identified anomalies like momentum and mean reversion that appear to allow abnormal returns, bringing EMH into question. Behavioral finance emerged examining psychological factors.
- While still debated, EMH is no longer considered the sole determinant of market behavior.
The document discusses debt markets in Pakistan, including an overview of bond markets globally and their importance for economic development. It then provides details on the bond market in Pakistan, including the types of bonds issued by the government and private sector as well as the current small size of the domestic bond market. Challenges and opportunities for expanding the bond market in Pakistan are also examined.
Interested in starting a company in Pakistan? Here is a quick 15-min guide for everything you need to know to get started.
This guide is provides an overview of the Pakistan market size, key players, opportunity then dives into topics such as costs of operation, rules/regulations and even local culture.
Pakistan Startup Report is a guide written by local volunteer entrepreneurs and investors. If you are interested in creating such a report for your own country, please contact hello@worldstartupreport.com. Please also consider making a donation to help create more of these free reports for other countries in need.
Thanks for reading!
Similar to Estimating the Size and Operations of the Public Sector and its Impact on Wheat Markets in Pakistan: A Post-18th Constitutional Amendment Inquiry by Dr. Vaqar Ahmed, Sustainable Development Policy Institute, Islamabad
The document provides information on the global beef trade and consumption as well as key players in the beef industry. The United States, Brazil, and the European Union are the largest consumers of beef worldwide. Brazil, Australia, and the United States are the leading beef exporters globally. The document also summarizes JBS's history of acquisitions to become a leading global meat processor and producer with production facilities in Brazil, Argentina, United States, Australia, and Europe.
Gujarat has experienced significant agricultural growth in recent decades. Some key facts:
1) Gujarat accounts for 5% of India's population but contributes 14% of total exports and 16% of industrial production.
2) Agriculture in Gujarat is less traditional and more commercial compared to other states, with farmers more aware of market opportunities.
3) The state was an early reformer of agricultural marketing and contract farming laws. Growth has also benefited from good monsoon rains and the spread of Bt cotton.
Basic Stats – Internet Growth Remains Robust, Rapid Mobile Adoption Still in Early Stages
2) Re-Imagination – of Nearly Everything
3) Economy – Mixed Trends, With Negative Bias
4) ‘USA, Inc.’ – A Lot to be Excited About in Tech, A Lot to be Worried about in Other Areas
5) Bubble – or Not?
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth for companies even as user engagement increases on mobile. However, the document also notes potential for significant future growth in mobile advertising and commerce.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth for companies even as user engagement shifts to mobile. However, the document also notes that the mobile market still has significant room for monetization growth over time.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth for companies like Google and Facebook as mobile usage increases. However, mobile traffic and app revenues are also growing quickly, suggesting significant monetization potential if the gaps can be closed.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth even as user numbers increase. This gap represents a major opportunity if mobile advertising and apps can become more effective at generating revenue.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth for companies even as user engagement shifts to mobile. However, the document also notes that the mobile market still has significant room for monetization growth over time.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth even as user numbers increase. This gap represents a major opportunity if mobile advertising and apps can become more effective at generating revenue.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth even as user engagement increases on mobile. Platforms like Google and Facebook are seeing mobile drive more user activity but at the cost of lower revenue per user. Overall mobile remains in the early stages of monetizing its massive growth in usage.
The document discusses trends in internet and mobile device usage from 2012. It notes that global internet users grew by 8% in 2011 to over 2 billion, with most growth occurring in emerging markets like China and India. Mobile adoption was also rising rapidly, with over 1 billion global 3G subscribers by late 2011, though this still only represented 18% of mobile users. The iPad saw much faster adoption than the iPod or iPhone, shipping over 70 million units in its first 8 quarters. Android phone adoption was even more rapid than the iPhone.
The document discusses trends in internet and mobile device usage from 2012. It notes that global internet users grew by 8% in 2011 to over 2 billion, with most growth occurring in emerging markets like China and India. Mobile adoption is also growing rapidly, with over 1 billion global 3G subscribers by late 2011, though this still only represents 18% of mobile users. The iPad saw much faster adoption than the iPod or iPhone, shipping over 70 million units in its first 8 quarters. Android phone adoption has also ramped up faster than the iPhone.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth for companies even as user engagement shifts to mobile. However, the document also notes that the mobile market still has significant room for monetization growth over time.
This report talks about today’s Internet growth and provides an in-depth look for the following new trends: 1) review of Internet stats and notes that Internet growth remains robust and rapid mobile adoption is still in early stages; 2) run through a number of examples of business models that are being re-imagined and re-invented thanks to mobile and social; 3) highlight mixed economic trends and 4) observe that while there’s a lot to be excited about in technology, there are things to be worried about regarding America’s financial situation.
Internet Trends, Mobile Penetration and Online Advertising (by Mary Meeker)BusinessVibes_Network
Internet Trends by Mary Meeker provides global internet growth, mobile device evolution, online monetization, supporting platforms and related insights on digital media growth and forecasts
BusinessVibes (www.businessvibes.com) was part of the event and thought of sharing it as a valuable material for businesses who could leverage the statistical insights
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth for companies even as user engagement shifts to mobile. However, the document also notes that the mobile market still has significant room for monetization growth over time.
Internet và mobile internet 2011 – 2012 kpcbDung Tri
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth for companies even as user engagement shifts to mobile. However, the document also notes significant potential remains for growing mobile monetization over time.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth despite rising user numbers. This gap represents a major opportunity for the mobile industry to develop new monetization models.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth for companies even as user engagement shifts to mobile. However, the document also notes that the mobile market still has significant room for monetization growth over time.
This document summarizes key trends in internet and mobile usage from a presentation given on May 30, 2012. It finds that while internet and mobile adoption continues to grow rapidly globally, mobile monetization faces challenges. Specifically, mobile advertising rates and revenues per user are significantly lower than desktop levels, constraining revenue growth for companies even as user engagement shifts to mobile. However, the document also notes that the mobile market still has significant room for monetization growth over time.
Similar to Estimating the Size and Operations of the Public Sector and its Impact on Wheat Markets in Pakistan: A Post-18th Constitutional Amendment Inquiry by Dr. Vaqar Ahmed, Sustainable Development Policy Institute, Islamabad (20)
Presentation made by Hina Nazli, Amina Mehmood, and Asma Shahzad on October 2, 2014 in Islamabad, Pakistan at the policy seminar "Food Consumption Pattern and Nutritional Status in Pakistan."
Presentation at the
International Food Policy Research Institute
Washington DC,
September 11th, 201
Dr Shakil Jehangir Malik
MBBS, MCPS(Psych), DPM (Eire), MCPS(Can),
Dip NLP(Lon), FRCPsych(Lon)
Senior Clinical Director & Consultant Psychiatrist
Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation & Teaching Trust
Senior Lecturer King’s College, University of Londo
This document provides an overview of the Pakistan Strategy Support Program (PSSP) conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). The PSSP is a 4-year country-led program aimed at contributing to pro-poor economic growth and food security in Pakistan. It involves guidance from a National Advisory Committee and collaboration between IFPRI and other Pakistani institutions. The PSSP covers research themes in agricultural production, water policy, macroeconomics, poverty dynamics, and capacity building. It also details current and planned research projects within these themes and highlights the program's competitive grants program.
The document summarizes research conducted on the size and nature of informal entrepreneurship in Pakistan. It provides details on how the research was conducted, including defining informal entrepreneurship, developing research questions, sampling methodology, data collection tools, and analysis plan. Key findings include that over 40% of small businesses operate informally, with the majority citing complex regulations and taxes as barriers to formalization. Qualitative interviews found small business owners face challenges like complicated laws that officials exploit for bribes and restrictive regulations. The research aims to inform policy measures to better support and formalize Pakistan's informal entrepreneur sector.
This document summarizes research on improving property tax policy in Pakistan to support economic growth. Key findings include:
1) Property taxes in Punjab generate only 0.026% of GDP compared to 0.1-0.7% internationally, representing lost revenue of $70-649 million annually.
2) Punjab's property tax system has weak administration, outdated valuations, poor coverage of new areas, and many exemptions resulting in low collection.
3) Interviews and data from one district show property tax and local rates demand is low and flat despite rising property values.
4) The study will analyze policy options to broaden the tax base and compliance through simulation models.
Agent-Based Modeling Simulations for Solving Pakistan's Urban Challenges by D...
Estimating the Size and Operations of the Public Sector and its Impact on Wheat Markets in Pakistan: A Post-18th Constitutional Amendment Inquiry by Dr. Vaqar Ahmed, Sustainable Development Policy Institute, Islamabad
1. Estimating Size & Operations of Public Sector and
its Impact on Wheat Market in Pakistan
1
3. Area & Production of Wheat (2010)
Name of Countries Production Area Harvested %age Share in
(tonnes) (Ha) Production
China 115180303 24256086 17.7
India 80710000 28520000 12.4
America 60102600 19278200 9.23
Russian 41507600 21639800 6.38
France 38207000 5426000 5.87
Germany 24106700 3297700 3.7
Pakistan 23310800 9131600 3.58
Canada 23166800 8268700 3.56
Australia 22138000 13507000 3.4
Turkey 19660000 8053670 3.02
Ukraine 16851300 6284100 2.59
Iran 15028800 7035020 2.31
Argentina 14914500 4373440 2.29
UK 14878000 1937000 2.29
Kazakhstan 9638400 13138000 1.48
Total of top 15 Countries 519400803 174146316 79.8
Total of other 108 countries 131480199 42828367 20.2
World total 650881002 216974683 100
Source: Agriculture Marketing Information Service, Directorate of Agriculture, Punjab
4. Country-wise Yield (2010)
S.No. Name of Countries Yield (Hg/Ha)
1 Netherlands 89092
2 Belgium 88272
3 Ireland 85990
4 New Zealand 81241
5 UK 76810
6 Germany 73102
7 France 70415
8 Denmark 66264
9 Namibia 65789
10 Saudi Arabia 65000
62 Pakistan 25528
Source: Agriculture Marketing Information Service, Directorate of Agriculture, Punjab
6. Import of Wheat
4500 100000
4000 90000
3500 80000
3000 70000
PKR Million
000 Tons
60000
2500
50000
2000
40000
1500 30000
1000 20000
500 10000
0 0
1974
1971
1977
1980
1983
1986
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
2010
Wheat Imports (000) tons Wheat Imports (PKR Million)
Source: State Bank of Pakistan
7. Some Recent Literature
Wheat-sector Distortions
Literature Issues Highlighted Policy Recommendation
Dorosh (2012): Setting procurement prices too high Need for strengthening monitoring
Pakistan Wheat relative to domestic prices results in and coordination across government
Procurement massive fiscal costs with no benefit agencies
Reforms to consumers and small farmers
that do not sell wheat to
government agencies
Dorosh and The dispersion in NRAs among farm
Salam (2007) products need to be reduced
Bastin et al. 45%-50% of wheat that has been The wheat economy must be
(2008) harvested is wasted, liberalized and rationalized. If it is
spoilt, smuggled, or never even necessary to provide food for the
enters the cash economy poverty stricken the government
should do so directly with food
vouchers
Ali et al. (2011) Government Need to upgrade the entire supply
policy has insignificant effect on chain
wheat production though the sign
of its coefficient is positive
8. Some Gaps in the Literature
What have been
Has the devolution
What explains the the economy-wide
What has changed helped any
multiplicity of effects of targeted
post-18th aspects of Wheat-
subsidies post- and untargeted
Amendment? sector’s supply
2007/08? subsidies in Wheat
chain?
sector?
9. Methodology
Situation
Qualitative Quantitative
Analysis
Focus Group Social Accounting
Existing Literature
Discussions Matrix 2007-08
Dynamic
Pre/post 18th Key Informant Computable
Amendment Data Interviews General
Equilibrium Model
Political Economy Stakeholder’s
Analysis Analysis
10. 18th Amendment and Reversal
Ministry of Food
Security
ECC
Source: Salam (2012)
11.
12.
13. 1. How much is government intervention worth?
[Disbursements to TCP and Fertilizer Sector]
Subsidy to Trading Corporation of Pakistan
Import of Subsidy to Fertilizer
Wheat Operations Urea Producers
Years PKR Million PKR Million PKR Million
2008-09 20000 31662 32000
2009-10 25500 3937 2334
2010-11 12000 4200 985
2011-12 217 44982 162
2012-13 -- 26000 3400
Source: Federal Budgets, Ministry of Finance Year Books
14. 2. How much is government intervention worth?
[Disbursements to Utility Stores Corporation]
Ramzan Package Sales of Atta Other Food Items
Years PKR Million PKR Million PKR Million
2008-09 1300 500 900
2009-10 1500 1200 200
2010-11 700 3000 500
2011-12 2000 -- --
2012-13 2000 -- --
Source: Federal Budgets, Ministry of Finance Year Books
15. 3. How much is government intervention worth?
[Disbursements to Pakistan Agricultural Storage and Services Corporation]
Cost Differential for Sale
Wheat Operations Wheat Reserved Stock of Wheat
Years PKR Million PKR Million PKR Million
2008-09 286 -- --
2009-10 599 -- 598
2010-11 600 4000 --
2011-12 4171 4000 --
2012-13 1148 4000 --
Source: Federal Budgets, Ministry of Finance Year Books
16. 4. How much is government intervention worth?
[Disbursements for Tube-wells and Tractors]
Benazir Green
Sindh, Punjab and
Balochistan Tractor Tractors
Year Khyber
PKR Millions Scheme Scheme
Pakhtunkhwa
PKR Millions PKR Millions
PKR Millions
2008-09 2044 4994 -- 2000
2009-10 2157 5732 -- --
2010-11 -- -- 2000 --
2011-12 -- -- -- --
2012-13 870 4000 2000 --
Source: Federal Budgets, Ministry of Finance Year Books
17. 5. How much is government intervention worth?
[Subsidy on Sale of Wheat]
FATA Gilgit Agency
Years PKR Millions PKR Millions
2008-09 195 600
2009-10 216 660
2010-11 233 655
2011-12 255 744
2012-13 270 775
Source: Federal Budgets, Ministry of Finance Year Books
18. 6. How much is government intervention worth?
[Crop Loans and Remission Grants]
PKR Millions
Crops Loan ZTBL
Years Insurance Flood Affected Areas AJK Earthquake affectees loans
2008-09 -- -- -- --
2009-10 -- -- -- --
2010-11 292 -- 53 400
2011-12 500 3802 -- --
2012-13 500 -- -- --
Source: Federal Budgets, Ministry of Finance Year Books
19. 7. How much is government intervention worth?
[GST Subsidy and Loans Written-off]
PKR Millions
GST subsidy for Write-off Loans,
Years protected consumers Flood Affected Millers & Traders
2008-09 4302 --
2009-10 5704 --
2010-11 -- --
2011-12 -- --
2012-13 -- 256
Source: Federal Budgets, Ministry of Finance Year Books
20. 8. How much is government intervention worth?
[Provincial Subsidies - I]
PKR Millions
Punjab Baluchistan
Years Wheat Agriculture Atta Tubewells
2010 -- 2,500 -- --
2011 -- 3,073 -- --
2012 2,500 -- -- --
2013 3,000 -- 300 3,000
Source: Provincial Budgets and White Papers
21. 9. How much is government intervention worth?
[Provincial Subsidies - II]
PKR Millions
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Sindh
Years
Food from Agricultural
Wheat Wheat Transportation Punjab Subsidies
2010 -- -- -- --
2011 2500 2500 3,391 1,680
2012 2,000 -- -- 2,505
2013 2,500 -- -- 3,015
Source: Provincial Budgets and White Papers
22. 10. Total Government Intervention in Wheat Market
Post-18th
80000
Amendment
70000
60000
PKR Million
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Note: Excludes support to urea or fertilizer sector in general
In FY 2012 total government intervention in wheat market was USD 754 million
24. How Government Intervention Promotes Rent-Seeking?
• Case-I: Farmer needs to sell to PASSCO
– Farmer goes to revenue officer to obtain certificate of land
authetication
– The certificate is then submitted to PASSCO for obtaining the
bardana bags
– After filling farmer comes back to PASSCO for finally selling the
output
– PASSCO can reject if specifications not met
• Case-II: Farmer avoids above mentioned hassle and sells to
middle man
– Middle man gains by buying at low and selling at a higher
government-set price
– The impact of subsidy ultimately doesn’t reach the grassroots
farmer
25. How we Modeled Intervention?
[Simulation: Economy-wide Impact of Subsidies]
• Issue-I: Targeted Vs. Untargeted Subsidies
• Issue-II: Subsidies Vs. Second Best (e.g. Vouchers)
• Issue-III: Tax financing Vs. foreign borrowing to finance
subsidy
26. How we Modeled Intervention?
[Data and Simulation Design]
• Social Accounting Matrix 2007-08
– Pre-18th Amendment economic structure
• Simulation Design
– Between 2009 and 2012
• 11 percent annual average increase in subsidy stock
27. How we Modeled Intervention?
[Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model]
• Model Specifications
– Intertemporal model: Dissou and Didic (2011), Ahmed et al. (2012)
– Households and firms which are both classified under constrained and
non-constrained categories
– Labour supply is inelastic and mobile across industries
– Representative firm is assumed to exist in each industry
– Composite output marketed domestically and abroad (exports)
• Dynamic Features
– For each period all markets are assumed to clear
• Wages and prices clear factor and goods markets
• Foreign Borrowing at global interest rate
– Results: First Period (1st Year), Mid-Term (20 Years), End-Period (40 Years)
28. How we Modeled Intervention?
[Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model]
• Elasticities and related parameters
– Substitution elasticity of CES households function (0.7%)
– Substitution elasticity of first and second level CES production function (0.5 and 0.4%
respectively)
– Rate of depreciation (12%)
– Output elasticity of public capital (0.3)
– Share of public investment in total investment (28%), population growth rate (1.8%)
– World real interest rate (6%)
– Share of constrained households in
• Consumption (57%)
• Labour income (71%)
• Income taxes (9.5%)
• Government transfers (10%).
29. Macro-level Results – Percentage Change
Variables First Period Mid-Term End-Period
Real GDP 1.26 1.05 1.06
Wage rate 2.46 2.40 2.40
Price of capital good 1.15 1.10 1.10
Household consumption 0.95 1.09 1.09
Myopic 2.69 2.20 2.20
Forward looking 0.28 0.61 0.62
Total Investment 0.37 0.12 0.14
Public 0.79 -0.04 -0.09
Private 0.23 0.18 0.22
Myopic 1.53 1.09 1.09
Forward 0.09 0.07 0.12
Total capital stock 0.06 0.12 0.12
Public 0.13 -0.04 -0.04
Private 0.03 0.17 0.17
Myopic 0.25 1.08 1.09
Forward 0.01 0.07 0.08
Total exports -2.37 -2.49 -2.47
Total imports 1.99 1.70 1.69
Income of myopic households 2.69 2.20 2.20
Labour income 2.46 2.40 2.40
Capital income 2.72 1.05 1.04
Government revenue 4.22 3.57 3.52
30. Sectoral Results – I (Percentage Change)
Agri
Other Processin Manufact Constructi Private Public
Wheat Crops g Cotton Livestock uring Energy Textile on T&C Services Services
Gross Output
First
period 23.37 2.10 2.12 -1.43 0.37 -0.18 0.04 -0.36 -0.04 0.60 -0.49 -0.37
Short run 23.80 2.40 2.41 -2.74 0.78 -0.01 0.23 -0.57 0.01 0.81 -0.55 -0.32
Long run 23.81 2.40 2.41 -2.73 0.79 -0.01 0.24 -0.57 0.00 0.81 -0.54 -0.36
Investment
First period 3.15 -7.27 -0.30 0.90 -1.12 2.42 -0.93 -0.54
Short run 1.23 -2.63 -0.06 0.40 -0.48 1.05 -0.35 -0.14
Long run 1.26 -2.63 -0.03 0.42 -0.46 1.08 -0.30 -0.07
Export
First period -0.60 3.20 -2.08 -1.05 -2.93 -3.44 -2.92 -3.55 -3.88 -3.84
Short run 0.26 4.34 -4.15 1.40 -2.24 -2.95 -3.26 -2.87 -3.82 -3.62
Long run 0.27 4.35 -4.15 1.42 -2.23 -2.92 -3.25 -2.85 -3.80 -3.61
Imports
First
period -40.87 5.06 0.95 -0.26 1.80 2.92 3.85 3.60 3.39 3.18
Short run -40.96 4.73 0.31 -0.16 0.17 2.49 3.70 3.60 3.19 3.08
Long run -40.96 4.73 0.30 -0.15 0.16 2.48 3.69 3.59 3.19 3.05
Domestic Demand
First
period 23.37 2.19 2.07 -1.17 0.37 -0.05 0.14 0.29 -0.04 0.90 -0.31 -0.37
Short run 23.80 2.47 2.30 -2.18 0.78 0.10 0.32 0.11 0.01 1.07 -0.38 -0.32
Long run 23.81 2.47 2.31 -2.17 0.79 0.10 0.33 0.11 0.00 1.08 -0.37 -0.36
31. Sectoral Results-II (Percentage Change)
Agri
Other Processin Manufact Constructi Private Public
Wheat Crops g Cotton Livestock uring Energy Textile on T&C Services Services
Price of gross output
First
period 0.33 -0.93 -2.44 -0.53 -0.27 0.25 0.29 0.82 1.14 0.14 0.64
Short run -0.05 -1.34 -1.91 -1.53 -0.53 0.09 0.36 0.17 0.92 0.08 0.56
Long run -0.05 -1.34 -1.91 -1.54 -0.54 0.08 0.36 0.16 0.91 0.07 0.54
Price of domestic good
First
period -30.77 1.86 -0.55 0.62 0.71 1.47 1.84 1.64 1.62 2.07 1.67 1.62
Short run -30.94 1.47 -0.98 1.37 -0.30 1.19 1.67 1.73 0.97 1.83 1.61 1.54
Long run -30.94 1.46 -0.99 1.37 -0.31 1.18 1.66 1.72 0.97 1.82 1.61 1.52
Price of composite good
First
period -25.07 1.82 -0.53 0.54 0.71 1.16 1.56 1.63 1.62 2.07 1.48 1.43
Short run -25.21 1.43 -0.95 1.20 -0.30 0.94 1.42 1.72 0.97 1.83 1.43 1.36
Long run -25.22 1.42 -0.96 1.20 -0.31 0.93 1.41 1.72 0.97 1.82 1.42 1.34
Shadow price of capital
First period 1.85 -0.46 1.08 1.35 0.90 1.68 0.94 1.03
Short run 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10
Long run 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.11 1.11
32. Major Gainers and Losers
[In Output terms]
• Gainers • Losers
– Wheat – Cotton
– Agriculture processing – Textile
– Livestock – Large Scale
– Transport Manufacturing
– Construction
– Private Services
33. Major Gainers and Losers
[In Price terms]
• Gainers • Losers
– Wheat – Cotton
– Agriculture processing – Other Crops
– Livestock
– Textile
– Large Scale Manufacturing
– Energy
– Construction
– Transport
– Private Services
– Public Services
34. Major Gainers and Losers
[In Export terms]
• Gainers • Losers
– Agriculture processing – Cotton
– Livestock
– Textile
– Large Scale
Manufacturing
– Energy
– Transport
– Private services
– Public services
35. Way Forward
• Province-specific inquiry
• Political economy of subsidies Vs. other forms of
transfers
• Introduce a reference simulation
• Detailed welfare losses