This document summarizes the chemical exposures associated with methamphetamine labs. It finds that exposures to phosphine, iodine, anhydrous ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and methamphetamine frequently exceed occupational exposure limits. Significant contamination of surfaces occurs during the cooking process and persists for over 24 hours. Proper personal protective equipment and decontamination procedures are necessary to safely respond to and handle materials from meth labs due to widespread contamination.
1. Giardia intestinalis is a protozoan parasite that can cause diarrheal illness known as giardiasis. It has two forms, the trophozoite that inhabits the small intestine and multiplies, and the cyst form that is passed in feces and can survive in the environment to infect new hosts.
2. Giardiasis is common in areas with poor sanitation and is spread through ingestion of cysts from contaminated food, water, or surfaces. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves microscopy of stool samples to detect cysts or trophozoites. Treatment involves antibiotics like metronidazole or furazolidone.
This document discusses several issues with the current food system that can make food unsafe for consumption. It notes problems like pesticide use, food processing practices, and changing diets. Specifically, it outlines that pesticide residues are commonly found in many foods and water sources in India at levels that exceed safety limits. It also discusses the health impacts of consuming highly processed junk foods and snacks that are high in salt, sugar, and fat. The food system needs reform to make food safer and more nutritious for the population.
Emergency Care for MO- General Approach to Poison Management.pdfPrakashRaut15
This document provides guidance on poison management and common poisonings seen in India. It discusses the general approach, which includes supportive care and specific antidotes. Common substances used for poisoning include organophosphates, organochlorides, rat poisons, and more. Modes of entry and toxic syndromes are described. Guidelines are provided for decontamination, supportive care, antidotes, and when to suspect poisoning.
5th Annual Early Age Onset Colorectal Cancer - Session V: Part I - How Did This Happen? Investigating the Causes of Early Onset Colorectal Cancers (EAOCRC) The Genetics of Heritable CRC: What's New and Important to Know Regarding the Genetics of EAOCRC?
This document discusses weed management in transplanted paddy fields. It identifies common weed species found in rice fields such as grasses, sedges, and broad-leaved weeds. The critical period for weed control is the first 2-8 weeks after transplanting. Integrated weed management practices that combine cultural, manual, mechanical, and chemical control methods are recommended. Specific herbicides and their application timings are provided for weed control in rice nurseries and transplanted fields. The document also discusses best management practices and highlights the importance of preventing weed growth through clean cultivation.
This document summarizes the history, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and control of Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) in India. It notes that Kala-azar, also known as Dum-Dum fever, was first clinically described in 1756 and the parasite was identified in 1901-1903. There have been significant declines in incidence and deaths from the disease. The document outlines the different clinical forms of Leishmaniasis and discusses the sand fly vector. It provides details on case definitions, surveillance approaches, diagnostic tests including the RDK, and available treatment options in India including Liposomal Amphotericin B and Miltefosine. Vector control using IRS and health education are emphasized
This document summarizes the chemical exposures associated with methamphetamine labs. It finds that exposures to phosphine, iodine, anhydrous ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and methamphetamine frequently exceed occupational exposure limits. Significant contamination of surfaces occurs during the cooking process and persists for over 24 hours. Proper personal protective equipment and decontamination procedures are necessary to safely respond to and handle materials from meth labs due to widespread contamination.
1. Giardia intestinalis is a protozoan parasite that can cause diarrheal illness known as giardiasis. It has two forms, the trophozoite that inhabits the small intestine and multiplies, and the cyst form that is passed in feces and can survive in the environment to infect new hosts.
2. Giardiasis is common in areas with poor sanitation and is spread through ingestion of cysts from contaminated food, water, or surfaces. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves microscopy of stool samples to detect cysts or trophozoites. Treatment involves antibiotics like metronidazole or furazolidone.
This document discusses several issues with the current food system that can make food unsafe for consumption. It notes problems like pesticide use, food processing practices, and changing diets. Specifically, it outlines that pesticide residues are commonly found in many foods and water sources in India at levels that exceed safety limits. It also discusses the health impacts of consuming highly processed junk foods and snacks that are high in salt, sugar, and fat. The food system needs reform to make food safer and more nutritious for the population.
Emergency Care for MO- General Approach to Poison Management.pdfPrakashRaut15
This document provides guidance on poison management and common poisonings seen in India. It discusses the general approach, which includes supportive care and specific antidotes. Common substances used for poisoning include organophosphates, organochlorides, rat poisons, and more. Modes of entry and toxic syndromes are described. Guidelines are provided for decontamination, supportive care, antidotes, and when to suspect poisoning.
5th Annual Early Age Onset Colorectal Cancer - Session V: Part I - How Did This Happen? Investigating the Causes of Early Onset Colorectal Cancers (EAOCRC) The Genetics of Heritable CRC: What's New and Important to Know Regarding the Genetics of EAOCRC?
This document discusses weed management in transplanted paddy fields. It identifies common weed species found in rice fields such as grasses, sedges, and broad-leaved weeds. The critical period for weed control is the first 2-8 weeks after transplanting. Integrated weed management practices that combine cultural, manual, mechanical, and chemical control methods are recommended. Specific herbicides and their application timings are provided for weed control in rice nurseries and transplanted fields. The document also discusses best management practices and highlights the importance of preventing weed growth through clean cultivation.
This document summarizes the history, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and control of Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) in India. It notes that Kala-azar, also known as Dum-Dum fever, was first clinically described in 1756 and the parasite was identified in 1901-1903. There have been significant declines in incidence and deaths from the disease. The document outlines the different clinical forms of Leishmaniasis and discusses the sand fly vector. It provides details on case definitions, surveillance approaches, diagnostic tests including the RDK, and available treatment options in India including Liposomal Amphotericin B and Miltefosine. Vector control using IRS and health education are emphasized
Children are curious and tend to explore their surroundings. While doing so they may run, ingest, or inhale potentially harmful substances. Tens of thousands of cases of childhood poisoning are reported annually and some are associated with major morbidity and mortality.
Indications for Urine examination include:
Suspected renal damage
Detection of UTI
Management of metabolic disorders
Diagnosis of jaundice
Management of Plasma cell dyscrasias
Diagnosis of pregnancy
Drug abuse
Physical Examination of Urine includes estimation of Appearance, Volume, Colour, Odour, reaction, Specific gravity and Osmolality.
This document provides information about guinea pigs, hamsters, and rabbits as experimental animals. It discusses their biological characteristics, handling techniques, uses in research, and methods of injection and blood collection. Guinea pigs are herbivorous and ideal models for studying various diseases. Hamsters have cheek pouches and are used for transplant and virus research. Rabbits are docile, have simple cardiac tissues, and are widely used in pharmaceutical and toxicology testing. Proper animal handling and use of appropriate injection sites and needle sizes are emphasized.
This document summarizes acute diarrheal diseases. It discusses the signs and symptoms, causes, transmission, treatment using oral rehydration therapy, and prevention through improved sanitation, hygiene, breastfeeding and vaccination practices. The key aspects are treatment of dehydration with oral rehydration solution according to age and severity, continued feeding, and preventing spread through sanitation and hygiene measures. It is a major cause of child mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries, but programs promoting oral rehydration therapy have helped reduce deaths by millions each year.
This document summarizes a study on urinalysis of abnormal urine samples. It describes conducting urinalysis on 5,400 urine samples over 4 months to evaluate physical, chemical and microscopic parameters. The most common abnormalities found were pyuria (18.6%), hematuria (12.5%), proteinuria (16.2%) and dark urine (30.7%). Females had more positive results than males, with urinary tract infections being most common. Urinalysis is an important screening and diagnostic tool to detect infections, diseases and other abnormalities.
Leishmaniasis is caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania transmitted by sand flies. It manifests as visceral leishmaniasis (Kala azar), cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, and post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis. India has a high burden, with over 130 million people at risk of Kala azar. Control measures include treatment of cases, vector control through indoor spraying, and health education. Dengue is caused by dengue viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. It affects urban and peri-urban areas in tropical regions, with cases increasing dramatically globally in recent decades. India
This document discusses the examination of urine, including its typical composition, indications for urinalysis, and procedures for collecting and analyzing urine samples. Key points covered include the various substances measured in a urinalysis and their clinical significance, such as glucose, proteins, ketones, and cells. Methods for physical examination of urine properties like volume, color, odor and chemical tests are outlined. Preservation techniques and sources of contamination are also reviewed.
The document discusses various antiseptics and disinfectants, their characteristics and uses. Antiseptics inhibit or kill microorganisms on living surfaces like skin, while disinfectants work on inanimate objects. Ideal antiseptics/disinfectants are chemically stable, inexpensive, non-staining, active against all pathogens including spores, and have brief exposure times. Common antiseptics/disinfectants mentioned include phenol, cresol, chloroxylenol, iodine, iodophores, chlorine, chlorhexidine, cetrimide, ethanol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, boric acid, silver compounds, gentian v
This document provides information about stool examination, including:
- The definition, composition, and precautions for stool sample collection.
- Guidelines for collecting stool samples and the different types of examinations that can be performed, including physical, chemical, and microscopic.
- Details about specific tests like occult blood, reducing substances, and concentration techniques for microscopic examination.
This document provides an overview of various laboratory animal species used in toxicology research, including their characteristics and suitability for different types of studies. It discusses mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, and rabbits, describing their physical attributes, reproductive values, housing conditions, and advantages/disadvantages for acute, chronic, carcinogenicity and developmental toxicity testing. The mouse and rat are the most widely used due to their size, costs, and physiological similarities to humans. Larger species like rabbits are also discussed.
The document discusses the dangers of toxic exposure and promotes ClearTRS, a zeolite supplement, as a solution. It claims that toxins are ubiquitous in the modern environment and cause many health issues. ClearTRS contains a patented form of clinoptilolite zeolite that can safely bind and remove heavy metals and other toxins from the body. Several studies are cited showing ClearTRS significantly reduces levels of toxins like lead and mercury in the body. It is presented as a natural, safe way to support detoxification and overall health.
1) The study evaluated the alkaloid extracted from carica papaya leaves as a platelet stimulator by isolating the alkaloid and testing its effects on platelet count in rats.
2) Phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of carica papaya leaves showed the presence of glycosides, tannins, alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids.
3) Administration of the isolated alkaloid to rats resulted in a significant increase in platelet count, from an average of 44,166 platelets/mm3 to 128,000 platelets/mm3.
Environmental Toxins: Practical Solutions for HealthSummit Health
Did you know that exposure to environmental toxins can happen at home, in the workplace and outside? This presentation focuses on lessening and managing exposure to pollution, including by-products of plastics, heavy metals such as mercury and lead, pesticides, bacteria, viruses, and molds, and other respirables such as tobacco smoke. Learn tips to improve air quality in your home year round so that you can protect your health and the health of your loved ones.
Catalogue of community medicine spottersRizwan S A
This document provides a catalogue of items from the Department of Community Medicine at Velammal Medical College Hospital & Research Institute. It includes descriptions of various disinfectants, pesticides, vaccines, nutrition items, and public health equipment. Disinfectants described include savlon, bleaching powder, malathion, and abate. Items for measuring nutrition include an analytical balance, lactometer, and fat extraction apparatus. Vaccines mentioned include MMR, polio, and typhoid vaccines. The document provides information on the uses, properties, and application of these various public health and medical items.
Microorganisms can survive in water but water is not an adequate place for them to develop. Viruses cannot multiply in water but can be transmitted through water attached to bacteria, parasites, or suspended solids. Water bodies contain macroorganisms like fish as well as microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and algae. Pathogens in water can infect people through drinking, contact, or breathing contaminated water aerosols. Once inside the body, the immune system responds through processes like phagocytosis of bacteria and viruses.
Pesticide poisoning is a prevalent public health problem in Malaysia. A retrospective analysis from 2006 to 2015 found over 11,000 cases of pesticide poisoning, mostly intentional. Herbicides were the most common cause, followed by agricultural insecticides. The majority of cases were male, Indian, aged 20-29 years old, and occurred at home via ingestion. Proper management of pesticide poisoning includes decontamination, supportive care, and administration of antidotes as needed. Organophosphate poisoning specifically accounts for around 50% of pesticide poisonings worldwide and results in excess acetylcholine due to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.
- Poisoning is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in India, though exact estimates are not available. Hospital studies show up to 10% of admissions are due to poisoning.
- Common poisons in India include organophosphates and carbamates (50% of poisonings) as well as other compounds like medications and industrial chemicals.
- Accurate history regarding type and amount of poison ingested is important for proper management, which generally involves decontamination, supportive care, and antidotes when available. Prevention focuses on education and addressing social factors contributing to suicidal attempts.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
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Children are curious and tend to explore their surroundings. While doing so they may run, ingest, or inhale potentially harmful substances. Tens of thousands of cases of childhood poisoning are reported annually and some are associated with major morbidity and mortality.
Indications for Urine examination include:
Suspected renal damage
Detection of UTI
Management of metabolic disorders
Diagnosis of jaundice
Management of Plasma cell dyscrasias
Diagnosis of pregnancy
Drug abuse
Physical Examination of Urine includes estimation of Appearance, Volume, Colour, Odour, reaction, Specific gravity and Osmolality.
This document provides information about guinea pigs, hamsters, and rabbits as experimental animals. It discusses their biological characteristics, handling techniques, uses in research, and methods of injection and blood collection. Guinea pigs are herbivorous and ideal models for studying various diseases. Hamsters have cheek pouches and are used for transplant and virus research. Rabbits are docile, have simple cardiac tissues, and are widely used in pharmaceutical and toxicology testing. Proper animal handling and use of appropriate injection sites and needle sizes are emphasized.
This document summarizes acute diarrheal diseases. It discusses the signs and symptoms, causes, transmission, treatment using oral rehydration therapy, and prevention through improved sanitation, hygiene, breastfeeding and vaccination practices. The key aspects are treatment of dehydration with oral rehydration solution according to age and severity, continued feeding, and preventing spread through sanitation and hygiene measures. It is a major cause of child mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries, but programs promoting oral rehydration therapy have helped reduce deaths by millions each year.
This document summarizes a study on urinalysis of abnormal urine samples. It describes conducting urinalysis on 5,400 urine samples over 4 months to evaluate physical, chemical and microscopic parameters. The most common abnormalities found were pyuria (18.6%), hematuria (12.5%), proteinuria (16.2%) and dark urine (30.7%). Females had more positive results than males, with urinary tract infections being most common. Urinalysis is an important screening and diagnostic tool to detect infections, diseases and other abnormalities.
Leishmaniasis is caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania transmitted by sand flies. It manifests as visceral leishmaniasis (Kala azar), cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, and post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis. India has a high burden, with over 130 million people at risk of Kala azar. Control measures include treatment of cases, vector control through indoor spraying, and health education. Dengue is caused by dengue viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. It affects urban and peri-urban areas in tropical regions, with cases increasing dramatically globally in recent decades. India
This document discusses the examination of urine, including its typical composition, indications for urinalysis, and procedures for collecting and analyzing urine samples. Key points covered include the various substances measured in a urinalysis and their clinical significance, such as glucose, proteins, ketones, and cells. Methods for physical examination of urine properties like volume, color, odor and chemical tests are outlined. Preservation techniques and sources of contamination are also reviewed.
The document discusses various antiseptics and disinfectants, their characteristics and uses. Antiseptics inhibit or kill microorganisms on living surfaces like skin, while disinfectants work on inanimate objects. Ideal antiseptics/disinfectants are chemically stable, inexpensive, non-staining, active against all pathogens including spores, and have brief exposure times. Common antiseptics/disinfectants mentioned include phenol, cresol, chloroxylenol, iodine, iodophores, chlorine, chlorhexidine, cetrimide, ethanol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, boric acid, silver compounds, gentian v
This document provides information about stool examination, including:
- The definition, composition, and precautions for stool sample collection.
- Guidelines for collecting stool samples and the different types of examinations that can be performed, including physical, chemical, and microscopic.
- Details about specific tests like occult blood, reducing substances, and concentration techniques for microscopic examination.
This document provides an overview of various laboratory animal species used in toxicology research, including their characteristics and suitability for different types of studies. It discusses mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, and rabbits, describing their physical attributes, reproductive values, housing conditions, and advantages/disadvantages for acute, chronic, carcinogenicity and developmental toxicity testing. The mouse and rat are the most widely used due to their size, costs, and physiological similarities to humans. Larger species like rabbits are also discussed.
The document discusses the dangers of toxic exposure and promotes ClearTRS, a zeolite supplement, as a solution. It claims that toxins are ubiquitous in the modern environment and cause many health issues. ClearTRS contains a patented form of clinoptilolite zeolite that can safely bind and remove heavy metals and other toxins from the body. Several studies are cited showing ClearTRS significantly reduces levels of toxins like lead and mercury in the body. It is presented as a natural, safe way to support detoxification and overall health.
1) The study evaluated the alkaloid extracted from carica papaya leaves as a platelet stimulator by isolating the alkaloid and testing its effects on platelet count in rats.
2) Phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of carica papaya leaves showed the presence of glycosides, tannins, alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids.
3) Administration of the isolated alkaloid to rats resulted in a significant increase in platelet count, from an average of 44,166 platelets/mm3 to 128,000 platelets/mm3.
Environmental Toxins: Practical Solutions for HealthSummit Health
Did you know that exposure to environmental toxins can happen at home, in the workplace and outside? This presentation focuses on lessening and managing exposure to pollution, including by-products of plastics, heavy metals such as mercury and lead, pesticides, bacteria, viruses, and molds, and other respirables such as tobacco smoke. Learn tips to improve air quality in your home year round so that you can protect your health and the health of your loved ones.
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This document provides a catalogue of items from the Department of Community Medicine at Velammal Medical College Hospital & Research Institute. It includes descriptions of various disinfectants, pesticides, vaccines, nutrition items, and public health equipment. Disinfectants described include savlon, bleaching powder, malathion, and abate. Items for measuring nutrition include an analytical balance, lactometer, and fat extraction apparatus. Vaccines mentioned include MMR, polio, and typhoid vaccines. The document provides information on the uses, properties, and application of these various public health and medical items.
Microorganisms can survive in water but water is not an adequate place for them to develop. Viruses cannot multiply in water but can be transmitted through water attached to bacteria, parasites, or suspended solids. Water bodies contain macroorganisms like fish as well as microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and algae. Pathogens in water can infect people through drinking, contact, or breathing contaminated water aerosols. Once inside the body, the immune system responds through processes like phagocytosis of bacteria and viruses.
Pesticide poisoning is a prevalent public health problem in Malaysia. A retrospective analysis from 2006 to 2015 found over 11,000 cases of pesticide poisoning, mostly intentional. Herbicides were the most common cause, followed by agricultural insecticides. The majority of cases were male, Indian, aged 20-29 years old, and occurred at home via ingestion. Proper management of pesticide poisoning includes decontamination, supportive care, and administration of antidotes as needed. Organophosphate poisoning specifically accounts for around 50% of pesticide poisonings worldwide and results in excess acetylcholine due to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.
- Poisoning is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in India, though exact estimates are not available. Hospital studies show up to 10% of admissions are due to poisoning.
- Common poisons in India include organophosphates and carbamates (50% of poisonings) as well as other compounds like medications and industrial chemicals.
- Accurate history regarding type and amount of poison ingested is important for proper management, which generally involves decontamination, supportive care, and antidotes when available. Prevention focuses on education and addressing social factors contributing to suicidal attempts.
Similar to Psm PPT slides for fmge neetpg .dams lecture (20)
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Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
3. TERMS
• Demographic transition: high birth rate to low
birth rate..
• Demographic Window: working age group is
more..
• Demographic Trap- high birth rate and low
death rate..
8. • SEX RATIO:
• no of females per 1000 males
• 940
• States-
• Kerala(1084),Haryana(876)..
• Union territory-
• Pondicherry/Diu daman..
• Child sex ratio (1-4 years): 914
9. TFR( Total fertility rate)
• Average number of children born to a woman
during her reproductive span..
• Complete family size
• Target- 2.1 ( recent-2.5)..
10. • GROSS REPRODUCTIVE RATE
• Average number of girls a woman has during
her reproductive span..
• Assumes only fertility pattern..
11. NET REPRODUCTIVE RATE :
• Number of girls a newborn female will have in
the future.
• Both fertility and mortality pattern..
• Target- NRR=1..
12. FAMILY PLANNING:
• Eligible couples-
• A couple with wife in reproductive age
group(15-45)..
• Couple protection rate-
• Couples using atleast one of four
contraceptives( OCP,IUD,barrier,sterilization) /
total couples..
13. • CPR= 60%
• To acheive NRR=1..
• CPR in India is 56% according to NFHS-3.
21. • LEVONORGESTREL-20 IUD (LNG-20)
• It contains 52 mg of levonorgestrel released at
the rate of 20 micrograms per day and lasts for
at least 5 years.
• For the LNG-20 a pregnancy rate of 0.3 has
been reported after 5 years.
23. Male Condoms
• Most condoms are made of latex rubber
• With correct and consistent use every time,
there are 3 pregnancies per 100 women in the
first year of use.
24. Female condom
• Is a thin, soft, loose-fitting polyurethane
plastic pouch-like device that lines the vagina.
• Pregnancies per 100 women in the first year of
use as commonly used is 21. If used correctly
and consistently there are 5 pregnancies per
100 women.
28. RISUG
• Reversible Inhibition of Sperm Under
Guidance
• Invented by an Indian S K Guha.
• RISUG is an injectable compound that
partially blocks the vasa deferentia (tubes
that carry sperm).
65. Three groups (Based on mode of
action)
• Contact - through the skin Eg: Pyrethrum,
DDT, BHC, Dieldrin.
• Stomach - oral – through the mouth. Eg: Paris
Green & Sodium fluoride.
• Fumigants. Eg: Sulphur Dioxide
68. • 18 mo. of residual action.
• Application: 100-200 mg. per square foot
area.
• Either 5% suspension or 5-10% dust form.
69.
70. BHC/HCH( Hexachlorocyclo-hexane)
• 1825 ,by Michael Faraday
• White or chocolate colored with musty smell.
• Lindane is pure BHC (99% GAMMA ISOMER)
• DIRECT CONTACT AS WELL AS VAPOUR
71. • 3 mo. Residual effect
• More powerful than DDT.
• Dose: 25-50 mg per square foot
for residual effect.
85. • QUALITY OF PROTEIN-
• PDCAAS-Protein Digestability Corrected
Amino acid score
• NPU( Net protein utilization)
• Biological value of x Digestibilty co efficient/
100..
• Egg- 96
92. • B5:
• Pantothenic acid
• Burning feet syndrome..
• B7:
• biotin
• Avidin in raw egg
• B9
• Folic acid
• vitamin M,
• Megaloblastic anemia..
93. • E: Hemolytic anemia of newborn..
• K: Hemorrhagic disease of newborn..
94. URINARY IODINE EXCRETION-
• 1. Used as a impact indicator after
implementing d programme
• 2. Indicator preferred for Surveillance
NEONATAL HYPOTHYROIDISM-
sensitive indicator of environmental iodine
deficiency.
