Provide a brief description of the qualitative characteristics of useful information including
relevance/materiality and the cost constraint.
Solution
The framework states that the users should be provided information which is relevant to them.
Too much information should be avoided, and similarly, too little information also may not help
the users. Information provided should be relevant to the decisions the various stakeholders need
to make. Information is considered relevant if it has some predictive or confirmatory value, or
both. The relevance of information is generally determined by its nature (i.e. what type of
information is being provided) and its materiality (discussed further below).
Information is material if omitting it or misstating it could influence the decisions of the users
that the users make on the basis of financial information about a specific reporting entity.
Materiality need not always be assessed in terms of quantum of the amounts involved. For eg. if
Directors remuneration paid is over the limits laid by the concerned corporate law in place even
by a small amount, such information indicates non compliance with the laws of land and hence,
though the amount concerned may not be significant, the information will still be considered to
be material
Faithful representation warrants that the financial statements should reflect information which is
complete, neutral and free from error. Further, the accounting for the particular transaction
should reflect the substance of the transaction, rather than the mere legal form, considering that
IFRS are meant to be principle-based standards.
A complete depiction includes all information necessary for a user to understand the
phenomenon being depicted, including all necessary descriptions and explanations.
A neutral depiction means that information must not be manipulated in any way in order to
influence the decisions of users. The recording and reporting of transactions should be free from
any individual bias.
Free from error means there are no errors or omissions in the description of the phenomenon and
no errors made in the process by which the financial information was produced. It does preclude
any inaccuracies from arising, particularly where estimates have to be made.
Substance over form, as per IASB, is implied in faithful representation of a transaction because
faithful representation is only possible if transactions are accounted for according to their
substance and economic reality.
The primary objective of the financial statements is to enable users to take varied decision. These
decisions often involve selection of one entity among various options available to the decision
maker, for eg. which entity to invest in out of multiple options available. This requires that the
financial statements of various entities must be comparable, i.e. similar items should look similar
and different items must look different.
Consistency, though related, is different from comparability.
This article analyzes a current financial reporting and accounting issue regarding diversity in
financial reporting practice. Since the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) first issued accounting
statement 157 Fair Value Measurements, entities have been required to measure investments at fair market
values. This included the requirement to categorize investments within a fair value hierarchy in preparation to
report such in the financial statements. To do this, the FASB allows companies to either categorize the
investment in the fair value hierarchy using three different input levels (Level 1, 2 and 3) or by estimating the
net asset value as a practical expedient. If the entity uses the practical expedient, the investment would be
placed within the fair value hierarchy based on whether the investment is redeemable with the investee at the
measurement date, never redeemable, or redeemable in the future. Based on this information, the investment
would be placed in either level 2 or 3 of the hierarchy. As a result, there is diversity in practice when estimating
the length of time in the near term the investment would be redeemed. This article reports the results of
evaluating how can the diversity in accounting practice related to how certain investments measured at net asset
value are categorized within the fair value hierarchy be resolved. The results of the qualitative research
conducted on the FASB proposal concluded that fourteen out of the eighteen public comment letters agreed
with FASB proposal that eliminating the requirements to classify these investments in the fair value hierarchy
would increase comparability in accounting practice among entities.
This article analyzes a current financial reporting and accounting issue regarding diversity in financial reporting practice. Since the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) first issued accounting statement 157 Fair Value Measurements, entities have been required to measure investments at fair market values. This included the requirement to categorize investments within a fair value hierarchy in preparation to report such in the financial statements. To do this, the FASB allows companies to either categorize the investment in the fair value hierarchy using three different input levels (Level 1, 2 and 3) or by estimating the net asset value as a practical expedient. If the entity uses the practical expedient, the investment would be placed within the fair value hierarchy based on whether the investment is redeemable with the investee at the measurement date, never redeemable, or redeemable in the future. Based on this information, the investment would be placed in either level 2 or 3 of the hierarchy. As a result, there is diversity in practice when estimating the length of time in the near term the investment would be redeemed. This article reports the results of evaluating how can the diversity in accounting practice related to how certain investments measured at net asset value are categorized within the fair value hierarchy be resolved. The results of the qualitative research conducted on the FASB proposal concluded that fourteen out of the eighteen public comment letters agreed with FASB proposal that eliminating the requirements to classify these investments in the fair value hierarchy would increase comparability in accounting practice among entities.
Making Analytics Actionable for Financial Institutions (Part I of III)Cognizant
To maximize ROI from their analytics platforms, financial institutions must build solutions that explicitly, visibly and sustainably enable real-time translation of data into meaningful and continuous improvements in their products, services, operating models and supporting infrastructures.
This article analyzes a current financial reporting and accounting issue regarding diversity in
financial reporting practice. Since the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) first issued accounting
statement 157 Fair Value Measurements, entities have been required to measure investments at fair market
values. This included the requirement to categorize investments within a fair value hierarchy in preparation to
report such in the financial statements. To do this, the FASB allows companies to either categorize the
investment in the fair value hierarchy using three different input levels (Level 1, 2 and 3) or by estimating the
net asset value as a practical expedient. If the entity uses the practical expedient, the investment would be
placed within the fair value hierarchy based on whether the investment is redeemable with the investee at the
measurement date, never redeemable, or redeemable in the future. Based on this information, the investment
would be placed in either level 2 or 3 of the hierarchy. As a result, there is diversity in practice when estimating
the length of time in the near term the investment would be redeemed. This article reports the results of
evaluating how can the diversity in accounting practice related to how certain investments measured at net asset
value are categorized within the fair value hierarchy be resolved. The results of the qualitative research
conducted on the FASB proposal concluded that fourteen out of the eighteen public comment letters agreed
with FASB proposal that eliminating the requirements to classify these investments in the fair value hierarchy
would increase comparability in accounting practice among entities.
This article analyzes a current financial reporting and accounting issue regarding diversity in financial reporting practice. Since the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) first issued accounting statement 157 Fair Value Measurements, entities have been required to measure investments at fair market values. This included the requirement to categorize investments within a fair value hierarchy in preparation to report such in the financial statements. To do this, the FASB allows companies to either categorize the investment in the fair value hierarchy using three different input levels (Level 1, 2 and 3) or by estimating the net asset value as a practical expedient. If the entity uses the practical expedient, the investment would be placed within the fair value hierarchy based on whether the investment is redeemable with the investee at the measurement date, never redeemable, or redeemable in the future. Based on this information, the investment would be placed in either level 2 or 3 of the hierarchy. As a result, there is diversity in practice when estimating the length of time in the near term the investment would be redeemed. This article reports the results of evaluating how can the diversity in accounting practice related to how certain investments measured at net asset value are categorized within the fair value hierarchy be resolved. The results of the qualitative research conducted on the FASB proposal concluded that fourteen out of the eighteen public comment letters agreed with FASB proposal that eliminating the requirements to classify these investments in the fair value hierarchy would increase comparability in accounting practice among entities.
Making Analytics Actionable for Financial Institutions (Part I of III)Cognizant
To maximize ROI from their analytics platforms, financial institutions must build solutions that explicitly, visibly and sustainably enable real-time translation of data into meaningful and continuous improvements in their products, services, operating models and supporting infrastructures.
financial accounting theory by Craig Degan 3rd edition chapter 2
prepared by: Dewan Mahbood Hossain
Assistant Professor, dept. of A.I.S
UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA
International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) for
Small and Medium-sized Entities
The IFRS for SMEs is intended for use by small and medium-sized entities (SMEs). This section describes
the characteristics of SMEs.
a.Convergence Efforts Made Toward the GAAP and IFRS Standards Conver.pdfanukoolelectronics
a.Convergence Efforts Made Toward the GAAP and IFRS Standards Convergence Goal on the
Financial Performance by Business Enterprises
The FASB has taken steps to: consider promptly any significant areas of deficiency in financial
reporting that might be addressed through the standard-setting process; promote the international
convergence of accounting standards concurrent with improving the quality of financial
reporting; and improve the common understanding of the nature and purposes of information
contained in financial reports.
Addressing the objectives of financial reposting by business enterprises, the SFAS CON 1 states
that financial reporting should provide information that is useful to current and potential
investors and creditors, or any other users, in their decision-making processes regarding
investments and credit, including assessing the amounts, the timing and uncertainty of
prospective cash receipts or cash inflows from dividends or interest earned, the proceeds from a
sale, or redemption or maturity of loans or securities. Reports should include information about a
company’s economic resources, claims on those resources and the effects of those transactions,
events, and circumstances that impact the resources and any claims upon them, and should be
comprehensible to anyone who has a reasonable understanding of business and economic
activities and who needs to examine or study the information with reasonable diligence.
Research conducted by the FASB on financial performance, reported by business enterprises
and their users, found that users have a strong interest in a statement of cash flows that reports
cash flows under the direct method. Users also prefer financial statements that provide greater
disclosure of information with predictive value. The research indicates that there is no across-
the-board dissatisfaction with, or demand for, sweeping change in the way financial statements
are displayed. Users also feel that key, commonly used measures lack clarity in definition of
terms such as ‘operating free cash flow,’ ‘return on invested capital,’ and adjusted, normalized or
operating earnings. Although net income is frequently used as a starting point for analysis, it is
not in the top three most important measures identified by users. There is also low demand for
comprehensive income presentation in a single statement; however, there was no transparent
opposition to providing comprehensive income items in another form.
b. Convergence Efforts Made Toward the GAAP and IFRS Standards Convergence Goal on the
Revenue Recognition Area
Accounting standards designed for public capital markets are burdensome, not only due to their
complex nature, but also due to their adoption of the IFRS standards. This is especially apparent
when applied to small and medium-sized companies, since they follow simple accounting
principles that are not designed for the complexity of transactions that some small companies
enter into, such as derivatives.
Discuss briefly and with examples, What key measures need to be take.pdfudit652068
Discuss briefly and with examples, What key measures need to be taken in order for individuals
to promote behavior change for better health? Provide references
Solution
Answer:
The key measure are:
1. Spreading awareness for the hyegine through various communicational channels like print and
other sources of media.
2. Making health development plan for the individuals and communicating these plans to them
via the employer.
3. Making basic health care accessible to every one by introducing generic medicine in the health
care.
4. Linking the family benefits via adoption of the health care plans.
5. Advertising the better of health care vigorously..
Did BP respond in a manner that was appropriate with the oil spill t.pdfudit652068
Did BP respond in a manner that was appropriate with the oil spill to stockholders or did they
take a stakeholder view?
Solution
Ans:- BP will take stakeholder view because they are the owner, so stakeholders are needed to
give their view in oil spill.
The BP oil spill released 4.9 million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico and caused a grave
amount of damage to the surrounding areas both environmentally and economically. The states
most impacted were Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Texas, and Florida. The main stakeholders
in relation to the spill were the environment, wildlife, fisherman, the oil industry, and tourist-
driven businesses and communities. Directly following the spill, BP set up The Gulf Coast
Claims Facility (GCCF) which was later deemed not independent and later replaced by a court
supervised settlement program which took the subjectivity of the eligibility out of the equation.
Three years after the oil spill, BP announces that the compensation fund was running low but
they would continue to pay the settlements from their profits. Yet BP attempts to stem the flow
of incoming claims using several methods, including suing the court appointed administrator and
appealing claims. In January 2013, BP pleads guilty to 11 counts of felony manslaughter, one
count of felony obstruction of Congress, and violations of the Clear Water and Migratory Bird
Treaty Acts. BP was sentenced to pay $4 billion in fines and penalties. The Deepwater Horizon
Oil Spill has shown that the regulation for spill prevention and response are not sufficient. As the
oil companies will act in the best interest of themselves, it is the duty of the government to set
regulation in place in the interest of the health and safety of its citizens. The government needs to
act to create tighter controls on oil companies to decrease the likelihood of a repeat occurrence.
Stakeholder theory simply states that the stakeholders of a company are not just its direct owners
but that stakeholders are any person, group or entity that a corporation has “benefited or
burdened by its actions and those who benefit or burden the firm with their actions” (Steiner,
2012; Miles, 2012). The first stakeholders impacted by the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill were the
workmen on the rig itself. When the rig exploded 126 people were on the platform, only 115
were evacuated (Cleveland, 2010). After a three day search covering 5,200 miles, the Coast
Guard called off the rescue operation stating that the period for “reasonable expectations of
survival” had passed. Sadly, the 11 presumed dead members of the crew would not be the only
ones impacted by this tragedy. Other major stakeholders include, the environment, the Gulf
fishing industry, and tourist-dependent businesses and communities.
The environment is always a stakeholder in oil spills. The environmental impact of an oil spill on
sea organisms and their ecosystems has been well-documented. The Oil Pollution Act of 1990
mandates that a N.
More Related Content
Similar to Provide a brief description of the qualitative characteristics of us.pdf
financial accounting theory by Craig Degan 3rd edition chapter 2
prepared by: Dewan Mahbood Hossain
Assistant Professor, dept. of A.I.S
UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA
International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) for
Small and Medium-sized Entities
The IFRS for SMEs is intended for use by small and medium-sized entities (SMEs). This section describes
the characteristics of SMEs.
a.Convergence Efforts Made Toward the GAAP and IFRS Standards Conver.pdfanukoolelectronics
a.Convergence Efforts Made Toward the GAAP and IFRS Standards Convergence Goal on the
Financial Performance by Business Enterprises
The FASB has taken steps to: consider promptly any significant areas of deficiency in financial
reporting that might be addressed through the standard-setting process; promote the international
convergence of accounting standards concurrent with improving the quality of financial
reporting; and improve the common understanding of the nature and purposes of information
contained in financial reports.
Addressing the objectives of financial reposting by business enterprises, the SFAS CON 1 states
that financial reporting should provide information that is useful to current and potential
investors and creditors, or any other users, in their decision-making processes regarding
investments and credit, including assessing the amounts, the timing and uncertainty of
prospective cash receipts or cash inflows from dividends or interest earned, the proceeds from a
sale, or redemption or maturity of loans or securities. Reports should include information about a
company’s economic resources, claims on those resources and the effects of those transactions,
events, and circumstances that impact the resources and any claims upon them, and should be
comprehensible to anyone who has a reasonable understanding of business and economic
activities and who needs to examine or study the information with reasonable diligence.
Research conducted by the FASB on financial performance, reported by business enterprises
and their users, found that users have a strong interest in a statement of cash flows that reports
cash flows under the direct method. Users also prefer financial statements that provide greater
disclosure of information with predictive value. The research indicates that there is no across-
the-board dissatisfaction with, or demand for, sweeping change in the way financial statements
are displayed. Users also feel that key, commonly used measures lack clarity in definition of
terms such as ‘operating free cash flow,’ ‘return on invested capital,’ and adjusted, normalized or
operating earnings. Although net income is frequently used as a starting point for analysis, it is
not in the top three most important measures identified by users. There is also low demand for
comprehensive income presentation in a single statement; however, there was no transparent
opposition to providing comprehensive income items in another form.
b. Convergence Efforts Made Toward the GAAP and IFRS Standards Convergence Goal on the
Revenue Recognition Area
Accounting standards designed for public capital markets are burdensome, not only due to their
complex nature, but also due to their adoption of the IFRS standards. This is especially apparent
when applied to small and medium-sized companies, since they follow simple accounting
principles that are not designed for the complexity of transactions that some small companies
enter into, such as derivatives.
Discuss briefly and with examples, What key measures need to be take.pdfudit652068
Discuss briefly and with examples, What key measures need to be taken in order for individuals
to promote behavior change for better health? Provide references
Solution
Answer:
The key measure are:
1. Spreading awareness for the hyegine through various communicational channels like print and
other sources of media.
2. Making health development plan for the individuals and communicating these plans to them
via the employer.
3. Making basic health care accessible to every one by introducing generic medicine in the health
care.
4. Linking the family benefits via adoption of the health care plans.
5. Advertising the better of health care vigorously..
Did BP respond in a manner that was appropriate with the oil spill t.pdfudit652068
Did BP respond in a manner that was appropriate with the oil spill to stockholders or did they
take a stakeholder view?
Solution
Ans:- BP will take stakeholder view because they are the owner, so stakeholders are needed to
give their view in oil spill.
The BP oil spill released 4.9 million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico and caused a grave
amount of damage to the surrounding areas both environmentally and economically. The states
most impacted were Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Texas, and Florida. The main stakeholders
in relation to the spill were the environment, wildlife, fisherman, the oil industry, and tourist-
driven businesses and communities. Directly following the spill, BP set up The Gulf Coast
Claims Facility (GCCF) which was later deemed not independent and later replaced by a court
supervised settlement program which took the subjectivity of the eligibility out of the equation.
Three years after the oil spill, BP announces that the compensation fund was running low but
they would continue to pay the settlements from their profits. Yet BP attempts to stem the flow
of incoming claims using several methods, including suing the court appointed administrator and
appealing claims. In January 2013, BP pleads guilty to 11 counts of felony manslaughter, one
count of felony obstruction of Congress, and violations of the Clear Water and Migratory Bird
Treaty Acts. BP was sentenced to pay $4 billion in fines and penalties. The Deepwater Horizon
Oil Spill has shown that the regulation for spill prevention and response are not sufficient. As the
oil companies will act in the best interest of themselves, it is the duty of the government to set
regulation in place in the interest of the health and safety of its citizens. The government needs to
act to create tighter controls on oil companies to decrease the likelihood of a repeat occurrence.
Stakeholder theory simply states that the stakeholders of a company are not just its direct owners
but that stakeholders are any person, group or entity that a corporation has “benefited or
burdened by its actions and those who benefit or burden the firm with their actions” (Steiner,
2012; Miles, 2012). The first stakeholders impacted by the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill were the
workmen on the rig itself. When the rig exploded 126 people were on the platform, only 115
were evacuated (Cleveland, 2010). After a three day search covering 5,200 miles, the Coast
Guard called off the rescue operation stating that the period for “reasonable expectations of
survival” had passed. Sadly, the 11 presumed dead members of the crew would not be the only
ones impacted by this tragedy. Other major stakeholders include, the environment, the Gulf
fishing industry, and tourist-dependent businesses and communities.
The environment is always a stakeholder in oil spills. The environmental impact of an oil spill on
sea organisms and their ecosystems has been well-documented. The Oil Pollution Act of 1990
mandates that a N.
Describe and provide at least two examples of direct transmission of.pdfudit652068
Describe and provide at least two examples of direct transmission of communicable diseases.
Solution
Answer:
Direct transmission is the most widely recognized type of transmitting ailments and infection.
There are two kinds of direct transmission of communicable diseases: immediate and
backhanded. Coordinate direct transmission happens when there is physical direct between a
tainted individual and a vulnerable individual. Coordinate direct contaminations spread when
ailment causing microorganisms go from the tainted individual to the solid individual by means
of direct physical direct with blood or body liquids. Diseases and can be separated into:
immediate and circuitous. A case of direct transmitted microorganisms is nor viruses which are
in charge of numerous gastrointestinal contaminations.
Examples of direct transmission of communicable diseases:
Touching, kissing, sexual direct, direct with oral emissions, or direct with body injuries. Direct is
the most successive method of transmission of social insurance related.
Coordinate direct transmission requires physical direct between a contaminated individual and a
defenceless individual, and the physical exchange of microorganisms. Coordinate direct
incorporates touching a contaminated individual, kissing, sexual direct, direct with oral
emissions, or direct with body sores. This kind of transmission requires close direct with a
tainted individual, and will for the most part happen between individuals from a similar family
unit or dear loved ones.
Infections spread only by coordinate direct can\'t get by for huge timeframes far from a host.
Sexually transmitted illnesses are quite often spread through direct transmission of
communicable diseases, as they are amazingly delicate to drying.
1. Individual to-individual contact :
Irresistible ailments are regularly transmitted through direct individual to-individual direct.
Transmission happens when a contaminated individual touches or trades body liquids with
another person. This can occur before a contaminated individual knows about the sickness.
Sexually transmitted maladies (STDs) can be transmitted thusly.
2. Bead spread :
The splash of beads amid hacking and sniffling can spread an irresistible sickness. You can even
taint someone else through beads made when you talk. Since beads tumble to the ground inside a
couple of feet, this kind of transmission requires nearness.
Irresistible maladies are transmitted from individual to individual by immediate or roundabout
direct. Certain kinds of infections, microorganisms, parasites, and growths would all be able to
cause irresistible illness. Jungle fever, measles, and respiratory ailments are cases of irresistible
ailments.
Diseases are :
1. TV
2. Chickenpox
3. Tuberculosis.
Define VRIO in business strategy Define VRIO in business strat.pdfudit652068
Define VRIO in business strategy?
Define VRIO in business strategy?
Solution
VRIO stands for value, rare, imitability, and organisation. It is a supporting structure that suggest
the capability is likely to provide competetive advantage only if it viable .rare .and difficult to
follow and supported by the organisation
VRIO is a business analysis framework which forms part of larger strategic scheme.and their
will be a cost disadvantage to a organisation which is trying to develop or acquire the resources.
Define e-commerce and describe how it differs from e-business.So.pdfudit652068
Define e-commerce and describe how it differs from e-business.
Solution
Electronic commerce, commonly written as e-commerce, is the trading or facilitation of trading
in products or services using computer networks, such as the Internet. Electronic commerce
draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain
management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange
(EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern
electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web for at least one part of the transaction\'s
life cycle, although it may also use other technologies such as e-mail.
E-commerce businesses may employ some or all of the following:
E-Commerce Definition
E-commerce is “any transaction completed over a computer-mediated network that involves the
transfer of ownership or rights to use goods and services,” defines the U.S. Census Bureau.
Transactions aren\'t required to have a price and include both sales and items like free
downloads. E-commerce includes transactions made on the internet, Intranet, Extranet, World
Wide Web, by email and even by fax.
E-Business Definition
E-business is broader than e-commerce; including the transaction based e-commerce businesses
and those who run traditionally but cater to online activities as well. An e-business can run any
portion of its internal processes online, including inventory management, risk management,
finance, human resources. For a business to be e-commerce and e-business, it must both sell
products online and handle other company activities or additional sales offline.
E-Commerce Types
E-commerce branches into two major groups: online purchasing and online shopping. Online
purchasing businesses offer customers the ability to find information, place orders, request
quotes or prices and submit purchase orders. Online shopping businesses provide information
about products so that consumers can make a decision whether or not to purchase a product.
Many e-commerce businesses practice online shopping and purchasing strategies to assemble an
online store.
E-Business Types And Strategy
According to E-business at Ohio State University, “E-business can work for any business
because it involves the whole business cycle from production, procurement, distribution, sales,
payment, fulfillment, restocking and marketing.” Business strategy is complicated, as it involves
four directions of planning: vertically, laterally, horizontally and downward. Vertical planning
coordinates website front and back-end systems and horizontal planning coordinates e-commerce
with customer relationships, supply-chain management and resource planning. Laterally, you
must manage customers, business partners and suppliers while at the same time integrating new
technologies and business processes downward through the organization..
Building Social Business - EssaySolutionBuilding social busine.pdfudit652068
Building Social Business - Essay
Solution
Building social business concept developed by Muhammad yunus through providing essential
facilities to the peoples of Bangladesh.
His vision of micro credit and grameen bank facilities to the people of Bangladesh, for the
practices and revolutionary concept for supporting the needy he won the Nobel peace prize in
2006.
Supporting economy and uplifting the life of peoples who are struggling for financial support.
Creating a concept of self support through producing goods and services and contributing in
nation building.
Building social business through the various channels like self help group, micro finance,
cooperative society etc.
Motivating the groups of peoples to work for their empowerment by offering essential training
and development and providing them training to produce goods and service.
Basically aim of building social business concept to provides the essential facilities to
underprivileged peoples..
You are to write a C++ program to produce an inventory repor.pdfudit652068
You are to write a C++ program to produce an inventory report for a local company. Your input
will be item name, item number, quantity, price per item, safe stock value. YOU ARE TO USE
ARRAYS AND FUNCTIONS. The output will be sent to a file. The following shows which
columns the input will be in:
item name item number quantity price safe stock
20 chars 5 char 3 char 6 chars 3 chars
Output will be as follows:
item number item name quantity price price*quantity %ofStock flag
You will put a symbol in the flag field when the inventory quantity is less than the safe stock
value.
This tells the company that they are getting too low on this item and need to build up the stock.
Print the report in sorted ordered, sorted on item number.
Indicate the total value of the stock.
Indicate the percentage of total inventory value to the total value of the highest single item in
inventory. Print the item and its information. (Print this item again at the end of the table.)
You must use the struct data structure and functions.
Use ‘typedef’ for array declarations.
Your input file will be found in invt.txt.
invt.txt looks like this:
Wong Batts 98723 243 6.45 200
Widgets No Two 83209 970 17.50 800
HumpBack Whale Songs 74329 42 23.70 50
Frozen Ice Cubes 73922 100 0.15 250
Plastic Ice Cubes 10044 450 0.60 540
Canned Solar Winds 23923 12 550.00 5
Sented Toe Jamm 18492 14 0.50 20
UnSented Toe Jam 18499 23 .74 20
Backwards Left Turns 87293 5 34.95 12
El Slick Slider 38324 15 225.00 18
Meals for Up Chuck 62042 20 16.50 24
Super House Cleaner 71083 14 69.85 18
Stars Dancing Shoes 23934 80 22.50 75
LowRider Briches 98744 138 45.95 125
HighRider Shoes 12283 372 35.95 400
Colored Pie Charts 51121 60 1.50 30
LensLess Saftey Glas 44433 22 2.10 35
Used Boat Anchors 73277 6 17.50 7
You are to write a C++ program to produce an inventory report for a local company. Your input
will be item name, item number, quantity, price per item, safe stock value. YOU ARE TO USE
ARRAYS AND FUNCTIONS. The output will be sent to a file. The following shows which
columns the input will be in:
item name item number quantity price safe stock
20 chars 5 char 3 char 6 chars 3 chars
Output will be as follows:
item number item name quantity price price*quantity %ofStock flag
You will put a symbol in the flag field when the inventory quantity is less than the safe stock
value.
This tells the company that they are getting too low on this item and need to build up the stock.
Print the report in sorted ordered, sorted on item number.
Indicate the total value of the stock.
Indicate the percentage of total inventory value to the total value of the highest single item in
inventory. Print the item and its information. (Print this item again at the end of the table.)
You must use the struct data structure and functions.
Use ‘typedef’ for array declarations.
Your input file will be found in invt.txt.
invt.txt looks like this:
Wong Batts 98723 243 6.45 200
Widgets No Two 83209 970 17.50 800
HumpBack Whale Songs.
Working with Layout Managers. Notes 1. In part 2, note that the Gam.pdfudit652068
Working with Layout Managers. Notes: 1. In part 2, note that the Game class inherits from
JPanel. Therefore, the panel you are asked to add to the center of the content pane is the \"game\"
object. 2. In part 4, at the end of the function, call validate(). This is not mentioned in the book,
but it is mentioned in the framework comments.
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class Game extends JPanel
{
private JButton [][] squares;
private TilePuzzle game;
public Game( int newSide )
{
game = new TilePuzzle( newSide );
setUpGameGUI( );
}
public void setUpGame( int newSide )
{
game.setUpGame( newSide );
setUpGameGUI( );
}
public void setUpGameGUI( )
{
removeAll( ); // remove all components
setLayout( new GridLayout( game.getSide( ),
game.getSide( ) ) );
squares = new JButton[game.getSide( )][game.getSide( )];
ButtonHandler bh = new ButtonHandler( );
// for each button: generate button label,
// instantiate button, add to container,
// and register listener
for ( int i = 0; i < game.getSide( ); i++ )
{
for ( int j = 0; j < game.getSide( ); j++ )
{
squares[i][j] = new JButton( game.getTiles( )[i][j] );
add( squares[i][j] );
squares[i][j].addActionListener( bh );
}
}
setSize( 300, 300 );
setVisible( true );
}
private void update( int row, int col )
{
for ( int i = 0; i < game.getSide( ); i++ )
{
for ( int j = 0; j < game.getSide( ); j++ )
{
squares[i][j].setText( game.getTiles( )[i][j] );
}
}
if ( game.won( ) )
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( Game.this,
\"Congratulations! You won!\ Setting up new game\" );
// int sideOfPuzzle = 3 + (int) ( 4 * Math.random( ) );
// setUpGameGUI( );
}
}
private class ButtonHandler implements ActionListener
{
public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent ae )
{
for( int i = 0; i < game.getSide( ); i++ )
{
for( int j = 0; j < game.getSide( ); j++ )
{
if ( ae.getSource( ) == squares[i][j] )
{
if ( game.tryToPlay( i, j ) )
update( i, j );
return;
} // end if
} // end inner for loop
} // outer for loop
} // end actionPerformed method
} // end ButtonHandler class
} // end Game class
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class NestedLayoutPractice extends JFrame
{
private Container contents;
private Game game;
private BorderLayout bl;
private JLabel bottom;
// ***** Task 1: declare a JPanel named top
// also declare three JButton instance variables
// that will be added to the JPanel top
// these buttons will determine the grid size of the game:
// 3-by-3, 4-by-4, or 5-by-5
// Part 1 student code starts here:
// Part 1 student code ends here.
public NestedLayoutPractice()
{
super(\"Practicing layout managers\");
contents = getContentPane();
// ***** Task 2:
// instantiate the BorderLayout manager bl
// Part 2 student code starts here:
// set the layout manager of the content pane contents to bl:
game = new Game(3); // instantiating the GamePanel object
// add panel (game) to the center of the content pane
// Part 2 student code ends here.
bottom = new JLabel(.
Write a java program that would ask the user to enter an input file .pdfudit652068
Write a java program that would ask the user to enter an input file name, and an output file name.
Then the program reads the content of the input file, and then writes the content of the input file
to the output file with each line proceeded with a line number followed by a colon. The line
numbering should start at 1.
should be used the following technique
(a) while loop should be used to complete the program.
(b)Scanner classisused
(c) PrintWriter class is used
(d) The files are closed before the program terminates.
ExampleOriginal Input fileOutput file with line number added1341: 1341252: 1251123:
1121894: 189
Solution
FileCopier.java:-
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FileCopier {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
Scanner in=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(\"Enter input file\");
File inputFile=new File(in.nextLine());
if(!inputFile.exists()){
System.out.println(\"Source file doesn\'t exist\");
System.exit(0);
}
FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(inputFile);
System.out.println(\"Enter output file\");
FileWriter fw=new FileWriter(in.nextLine());
PrintWriter pw=new PrintWriter(fw);
in=new Scanner(inputFile);
int i=1;
while(in.hasNextLine()){
String s=in.nextLine();
pw.write(i++ + \": \" + s + \"\ \");
}
pw.flush();pw.close();
}
}
Console output:
Enter input file
test.txt
Enter output file
output.txt
Sample run 1:-
test.txt:
hey
123
.
howdy
output.txt:
1: hey
2: 123
3: .
4: howdy
Sample run 2:-
test.txt:
123
345
567
789
output.txt
1: 123
2: 345
3: 567
4: 789.
Which of the following defines a method doubleEach that returns an ar.pdfudit652068
Which of the following defines a method doubleEach that returns an array where each element
is double the corresponding element in an input array? public double[] doubleEach(double[]
input) {double[] temp = new double[input.length]; for (int i = 0; i
Solution
Answer is A
public double[] dobleEach(double [] input)
{
double[] temp= new double[input.length];
for(int i=0;i.
When the Fed provides more reserves toprovides more reserves to.pdfudit652068
When the Fed
provides more reserves toprovides more reserves to
the banking system, the money banks have to lend to each other
falls
rises
,
and the federal fund rate
rises
falls
.
Solution
When the Fed provides more reserves to the banking system, the money banks have to lend to
each other rises and the federal fund rate falls. (due to increase in money supply).
What is a common infrastructure and what does it provideSolutio.pdfudit652068
What is a common infrastructure and what does it provide?
Solution
Ans.
Common Infrastructure is the definition of service providers or users of Information and
Communications Technologies which share the systems used to distribute electronic
communication signals and services.
It provides services which are required by the larger sections of the society such as airports,
stations, large databases etc...
What are the eukaryotic kingdomsQuestion 4 optionsBacteria, Ar.pdfudit652068
What are the eukaryotic kingdoms?
Question 4 options:
Bacteria, Archae
Phylum, Class, Order
Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria
Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals
Bacteria, Archae
Phylum, Class, Order
Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria
Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals
Solution
Ans d protista fungi planta animalia
All other options have one or more prokaryote. Organisms are divided into 3 major domains,
archae, bacteria and eukaryota. Eukaryota is then divided into 4 kingdoms.
What are some of the commonly seen WLAN devices What role does each.pdfudit652068
What are some of the commonly seen WLAN devices? What role does each of them play in
creating the WLAN network infrastructure?
Solution
What are some of the commonly seen WLAN devices?
Ans:Access Point(AP),Bridges,Switch,Router,Gateway,Hub
Access Point(AP):It connects wireless devices.It allows to user to have an access of network for
communication.
Bridege:It is used to connect network of different types.E.g.Ethernet bridge connects wired
Ethernet network to wireless network.
Switch:It allows to connect devices among each other using method of packet switching for
send,receive and process of data.
Router:It allows to forward packets from one computer to another.It does job of traffic
management of network.
Gateway:It is used to coonect to another network which uses another protocol.It routes traffic
from inside of network to outside.
Hub:It is common point where all devices are connected.In this hub,frame of data is broadcasted
to each device.It doesnt matter whether frame is for particular computer or device.It just
broadcasts..
Using the header(dlist) and mainline file (dlistapp) belowYou are .pdfudit652068
Using the header(dlist) and mainline file (dlistapp) below
You are going to write public functions for a doubly linked list class.
The dlist class is declared in the file dlist.h as follows:
struct dlist_node
{
char contents; // contents in the node
dlist_node *back, // pointer to previous node in the list
*next; // pointer to the next node in the list
};
typedef dlist_node* dptr;
class dlist
{
private:
dptr front, // pointer to the front of the list
current; // pointer to current node in the list
public:
dlist (); // constructor creates an empty list
void insert (char ch); // inserts a new node
void remove (); // removes a node
void Move_Right(int distance); // moves current right
void Move_Left(int distance); // moves current left
void print (); // prints the list
};
The public functions that you need to define are:
dlist (): Constructor that initializes the list to be empty.
voidinsert (char ch): Adds a new node to the right of current containing ch and points current at
the new node. Should insert first node correctly.
void remove (): Removes the node from the list pointed to by current. Points current at the node
after the deleted node (if present) else points current at the node before the deleted node (if
present). Should remove last node correctly and recycle nodes. Should not fail if list is empty.
void Move_Right (int distance): Moves current to the right distance nodes. If the given distance
will move current off the end of the list, current should be set to point at the rightmost node.
Should not fail if list is empty.
void Move_Left (int distance): Moves current to the left distance nodes. If the given distance will
move current off the end of the list, current should be set to point at the leftmost node. Should
not fail if list is empty.
void print (): Prints all the nodes in the list. The value pointed to by current should be printed in
braces.print does not output any spaces or linefeeds. For example, if the data in the linklist
represents CIS 361, the output would be :
CIS 3{6}1
The dlistapp.cpp application file is coded except for the calls to the public functions. Add the
calls as directed by the comments in the file.
dlist.h
dlistapp.cpp
Sample run
Select p (print), i (insert), d (delete), r (right),
l (left) or q (quit): d
Select p (print), i (insert), d (delete), r (right),
l (left) or q (quit): r
Enter the distance to move right: 10
Select p (print), i (insert), d (delete), r (right),
l (left) or q (quit): l
Enter the distance to move left: 2
Select p (print), i (insert), d (delete), r (right),
l (left) or q (quit): p
The list is:
Select p (print), i (insert), d (delete), r (right),
l (left) or q (quit): i
Enter the character to insert: h front current
Solution
#include
using namespace std;
struct dlist_node
{
char contents; // contents in the node
dlist_node *back, // pointer to previous node in the list
*next; // pointer to the next node in the list
};
typedef dlist_node* dptr;
class dlist
{
private:
dptr front, // po.
Virology.Explain the make up and role of different complexes for .pdfudit652068
Virology.
Explain the make up and role of different complexes: for example the components of the
spliceosome made up and its role.
Solution
Answer=1]
components of spliceosome made up &its roles
Spliceosome is large & compex molecular machine
assembled from snRNAs & protein complexes
1] sn RNAs = it is composed of 5 small nuclear RNAs
are U1,U2,U4,U5 ,U6
Roles - they participate in most RNA -RNA & RNA -Protein interactions
2] associated protein factors = snRNPs or small nuclear ribonucleoproteins
are RNA protein complexes that combine with unmodified mRNA & various other proteins to
form spliceosome
2] Multiprotein complex = is a group of 2 or more associated polypeptide chains
example -proteasome - important for molecular degradation
3] Major histocompatibility compex (MHC )=set of cell surface proteins
role- to bind antigen derived from pathogens & display them on the call surface for recognition
by appropriate T cells.
TOPOLOGY 541Let M be a set with two members a and b. Define the fu.pdfudit652068
TOPOLOGY 541
Let M be a set with two members a and b. Define the function D : M × M as follows: D(a,a) =
D(b,b) = 0,D(a,b) = D(b,a) = r where r is a positive real number. Prove that (M, D) is a metric
space.
Solution
Definition 1.1 (Metric). A metric, or distance function, on a set X is a mapping d : X × X R such
that • d(x, y) 0 for all x, y X, and d(x, y) = 0 if and only if x = y. • d(x, y) = d(y, x) for all x, y
X. • d(x, z) d(x, y) + d(y, z) for all x, y, z X. We call (X, d) a metric space. Definition 1.2 (Open
ball). Let (X, d) be a metric space. For x X and > 0, the set Bd(x, ) defined by Bd(x, ) = {y X |
d(x, y) < } is callen an open ball in the set X. Definition 1.3 (Open sets in metric spaces). Let (X,
d) be a metric space and let U be any subset of X. Then U is called an open set in X if every
point of U is an interior point of U; that is, for any a U, there is an open ball B(a, ) such that B(a,
) U. Definition 1.4 (Properties of open sets). Let (X, d) be a metric space. • and X are open. •
The union of an arbitrary collection of open sets is open. • The intersection of a finite number of
open sets is open. Definition 1.5 (Closed set). A subset A of a metric space (X, d) is closed if it’s
complement X\\A is open in X. Definition 1.6 (Properties of closed sets). Let (X, d) be a metric
space. • and X are closed. • The union of an finite collection of closed sets is closed. • The
intersection of an arbitrary number of closed sets is closed. Definition 1.7 (Limit point of a
subset). Let (X, d) be a metric space and let A be a subset of X. Then a point x in X is a limit
point of A if every open ball B(x, ) contains at least one point of A. The set of all limit points of
A is called the derived set A . Definition 1.8 (Closure of a set). Let (X, d) be a metric space and
let A X. Then the set consisting of A and its limit points is called the closure of A, denoted A. A
= A A
Corollary 1.19. We note that A is dense in X if and only if for any x X and > 0, there is a point
a A such that d(x, a) < . 1.2. Subspaces. Definition 1.20 (Open sets in a subspace). Let (X, d) be
a metric space and (Y, dY ) be a metric subspace of (X, d). Let G be a subset of Y . Then G is
open in Y if and only if, for any x G, there is an open ball B(x, ) in X such that B(x, ) Y G A
subset H of Y is closed in Y if its complement G = Y \\H of H is open in Y . Theorem 1.21
(Open sets in a metric subspace). Let (Y, dY ) be a metric subspace of a metric space (X, d), and
let G Y . Then G is open in Y if and only if there exists an open subset U in X such that G = U
Y . 1.3. Convergence in a Metric Space. Definition 1.22 (Convergence). A sequence (xn) in a
metric space (X, d) is said to converge to a point x X if for any > 0, there exists N such that n >
N implies d(xn, x) < The point x is called a limit of the sequence (xn) Corollary 1.23. A
sequence (xn) in a metric space (X, d) is said to converge to a point x X if any open ball B(x, )
contains almost all xn. Theorem 1..
These are the outputs which should match they are 4 of them -outp.pdfudit652068
These are the outputs which should match they are 4 of them :-
output 1 -
output 2 -
output 3 -
output 4 -
Here is the Assingment5.java file can make changes to it :-
You are required, but not limited, to turn in the following source files:
Assignment5.java (Download this file and use it as your driver program for this assignment. You
need to add more codes to complete it.)
Soup.java
SoupInBox.java
SoupInCylinder.java
SoupParser.java
Requirements to get full credits in Documentation
The assignment number, your name, StudentID, Lecture number/time, and a class description
need to be included at the top of each class/file.
A description of each method is also needed.
Some additional comments inside of methods (especially for a \"main\" method) to explain code
that are hard to follow should be written.
You can look at Java programs in the text book to see how comments are added to programs.
Skills to be Applied
In addition to what has been covered in previous assignments, the use of the following items,
discussed in class, will probably be needed:
Inheritance
The protected modifier
The super Reference
Abstract class
NumberFormat/DecimalFormat
Wrapper classes
ArrayList
Program Description
Class Diagram:
In Assignment #5, you will need to make use of inheritance by creating a class hierarchy for
vehicles.
Soup is an abstract class, which represents the basic attributes of any soup in a container to be
sold. It is used as the root of the soup hierarchy. It has the following attributes (should be
protected):
Attribute name
Attribute type
Description
volume
int
The volume of the soup
unitPrice
double
The price per unit of the soup
totalPrice
double
The total price of the soup
soupId
String
The Id of the soup
The following constructor method should be provided to initialize the instance variables.
publicSoup(String id, double someUnitPrice)
The instance variable volume is initialized to 0, totalPrice is initialized to 0.0, unitPrice is
initialized to the value of the second parameter, and soupId is initialized to the string value of the
first parameter.
The following accessor method should be provided for soupId :
publicString getSoupId()
The Class Soup also has an abstract method (which should be implemented by its child classes,
SoupInCylinder and SoupInBox) to compute the volume of the soup:
publicabstract void computeTotalPrice();
The following public method should be provided:
publicString toString()
toString method returns a string of the following format:
\ The SoupId:\\t\\ttomatosoup591\
The Volume:\\t\\t150\
The Unit Price:\\t\\t0.0015\
The Total Price:\\t$330.00\ \
You should make use of the NumberFormat class and DecimalFormat (in java.text package) to
format the total price in the dollar format (NumberFormat) and the unit price using 4 digits after
their decimal point (DecimalFormat using \"0.0000\").
SoupInCylinder class
SoupInCylinder is a subclass of Soup class. It represents a soup in a can (cylinder). It has the
following attribute in.
The test solution is made basic and drops of 0.1 M Ca(NO3)2 are adde.pdfudit652068
The test solution is made basic and drops of 0.1 M Ca(NO3)2 are added but no precipitate forms.
To what part of the experiment Procedure do you proceed?
Solution
procedure of adding Ca2+ to precipitates phosphates or carbonates before doint test for halides
and sulphide. but since precipitate not formed means carbonates are not present so go for the test
off halides( Cl- , Br-, I-)..
The selection of officials in which of the following branches of the.pdfudit652068
The selection of officials in which of the following branches of the national government is least
consistent with the ideal of democracy, or popular sovereignty?
The
The
The
The
d
A. the judiciary
B. The executive
C. The legislature
d. The federalaa.
TheB.
TheC.
The
The
d
A. the judiciary
B. The executive
C. The legislature
d. The federal
Solution
WHAT ARE THE ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PRINCIPLES OF
CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY?
CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY is the antithesis of arbitrary rule. It is democracy
characterized by:
A. POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY. The people are the ultimate source of the authority of the
government which derives its right to govern from their consent.
B. MAJORITY RULE AND MINORITY RIGHTS. Although \"the majority rules,\" the
fundamental rights of individuals in the minority are protected.
C. LIMITED GOVERNMENT. The powers of government are limited by law and a written or
unwritten constitution which those in power obey.
D. INSTITUTIONAL AND PROCEDURAL LIMITATIONS ON POWERS. There are certain
institutional and procedural devices which limit the powers of government. These may include:
1. SEPARATED AND SHARED POWERS. Powers are separated among different agencies or
branches of government. Each agency or branch has primary responsibility for certain functions
such as legislative, executive, and judicial functions. However, each branch also shares these
functions with the other branches.
2. CHECKS AND BALANCES. Different agencies or branches of government have adequate
power to check the powers of other branches. Checks and balances may include the power of
judicial reviewÀ\"Àthe power of courts to declare actions of other branches of government to be
contrary to the constitution and therefore null and void.
3. DUE PROCESS OF LAW. Individual rights to life, liberty, and property are protected by the
guarantee of due process of law.
4. LEADERSHIP SUCCESSION THROUGH ELECTIONS. Elections insure that key positions
in government will be contested at periodic intervals and that the transfer of governmental
authority is accomplished in a peaceful and orderly process.
C. The legislature.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
Provide a brief description of the qualitative characteristics of us.pdf
1. Provide a brief description of the qualitative characteristics of useful information including
relevance/materiality and the cost constraint.
Solution
The framework states that the users should be provided information which is relevant to them.
Too much information should be avoided, and similarly, too little information also may not help
the users. Information provided should be relevant to the decisions the various stakeholders need
to make. Information is considered relevant if it has some predictive or confirmatory value, or
both. The relevance of information is generally determined by its nature (i.e. what type of
information is being provided) and its materiality (discussed further below).
Information is material if omitting it or misstating it could influence the decisions of the users
that the users make on the basis of financial information about a specific reporting entity.
Materiality need not always be assessed in terms of quantum of the amounts involved. For eg. if
Directors remuneration paid is over the limits laid by the concerned corporate law in place even
by a small amount, such information indicates non compliance with the laws of land and hence,
though the amount concerned may not be significant, the information will still be considered to
be material
Faithful representation warrants that the financial statements should reflect information which is
complete, neutral and free from error. Further, the accounting for the particular transaction
should reflect the substance of the transaction, rather than the mere legal form, considering that
IFRS are meant to be principle-based standards.
A complete depiction includes all information necessary for a user to understand the
phenomenon being depicted, including all necessary descriptions and explanations.
A neutral depiction means that information must not be manipulated in any way in order to
influence the decisions of users. The recording and reporting of transactions should be free from
any individual bias.
Free from error means there are no errors or omissions in the description of the phenomenon and
no errors made in the process by which the financial information was produced. It does preclude
any inaccuracies from arising, particularly where estimates have to be made.
Substance over form, as per IASB, is implied in faithful representation of a transaction because
faithful representation is only possible if transactions are accounted for according to their
substance and economic reality.
The primary objective of the financial statements is to enable users to take varied decision. These
2. decisions often involve selection of one entity among various options available to the decision
maker, for eg. which entity to invest in out of multiple options available. This requires that the
financial statements of various entities must be comparable, i.e. similar items should look similar
and different items must look different.
Consistency, though related, is different from comparability. Consistency refers to usage of same
methods for same items, from period to period, within a reporting entity or in a single period,
across entities.
Providing multiple accounting policy choice for similar transactions/balances tends to dilute the
characteristic of comparability. Many countries who adopt IFRS, often tend to reduce the
accounting policy options provided by IFRS to suit their local regulatory and economic
environment.
The information provided in the financial statements should be verifiable. Verifiability means
different knowledgeable and independent observers could reach a reasonable consensus that a
particular piece of information is faithfully depicted in the financial statements.
Verification can be direct or indirect. Direct verification means verifying an amount or other
representation through direct observation, eg. verify cash by counting cash.
Indirect verification means checking the inputs to a model, methodology or other technique used
to calculate the amount.
This usually requires entities to disclose the underlying assumptions, methods of compiling the
information and other information and factors relevant to support the other information, for eg.
carrying amount if inventory is verified by checking the inputs (cost, quantity), and recalculating
the ending inventory using the same cost flow assumption (for eg. first in first out, weighted
average method).
Timeliness is another critical element for decision makers. Financial statements should be
available to the users within a reasonable time frame. Older the information becomes, less useful
and relevant it becomes.
IFRS of course, does not prescribe any timelines for presentation of financial statements
(remember these are principal based standards). Generally, the timelines within which the
financial statements should be available for use to public is prescribed by local lay, typically by
stock exchanges where the entities are listed.
Presenting the information in a clear, concise manner, which includes aggregating and grouping
the information in a systematic manner with proper cross referencing to schedules and disclosure
makes the information understandable.
However, the framework appreciates that some economic phenomena are inherently complex.
3. Even well informed and diligent users may need to seek aid of an advisor for understanding
these. This does not preclude such information from being included in the financial statements as
exclusion of such information would render the financial statements incomplete and potentially
misleading.
Finally, the concept of cost constraints simply states that for providing the relevant information
as outlined above, the cost of gatherint the information should not exceed the benefit derived
from reporting the information, for eg, a company may want to provide division wise
information to certain target users, but as on date, the systems are set up such that the
information is not easily available and my take a significant quantum of time and effort to pull
out, the entity may not choose to put in those costs and efforts, unless it is looking for a huge
funding or investment by a partner.
