Prosody is the study of rhythm, intonation, stress, and other attributes in speech and poetic meter. It includes features such as stress, pitch, intonation, pauses, loudness, pace, paralinguistic features, and vocal effects. Stress refers to emphasis placed on syllables or words. Pitch is variation in vocal range used to convey meaning. Intonation are patterns of pitch used in language. Pauses and loudness can change meaning depending on context, while pace varies with situation and mental state. Paralinguistic features and vocal effects provide extra linguistic information.

1. PROSODY

2. DEFINITON
• The study of rhythm,intonation,stress,and
related attributes in speech
• The study of poetic meter,the patterns of
sound and rhythms in verse

3. PROSODIC FEATURES
• STRESS
• PITCH
• INTONATION
• PAUSES
• LOUDNESS AND PACE
• PARALINGUISTIC FEATURES AND VOCAL
EFFECTS

4. • Vocal pitch (fundamental frequency)
• Loudness (acoustic intensity)
• Rhythm (phoneme and syllable duration)

5. STRESS
Stress is the emphasis that is placed on a
syllable or word when we speak. The same word
can have the stress in different places,which
changes the meaning of the word.

6. PITCH
Pitch is the variation of an individual’s vocal
range,from high to low,used in speech to convey
the individual’s relation to a current topic of
conversation.

7. INTONATION
Intonation is the different patterns of pitch an
individual uses in spoken language.

8. PAUSES
Pauses are brief silences in speech. These
pauses could mean different things depending
on the context.

9. LOUDNESS AND PACE
Pace is the speech at which we talk. This can
vary depending on who we are talking to and
what the situation is. It is your way of your
mental state and wellbeing being expressed.
Volume or loudness is used to enhance the
meaning of utterances. Similar to pace,we
change our volume intensity depending on the
context.

10. PARALINGUISTIC FEATURES AND
VOCAL EFFECTS
Paralinguistic features such as body
language,posture,gestures, and facial expression
can give extra information about spoken
language.
Vocal effects like laughing,throat
clearing,gasping,yawning,sighing,and coughing
can also add information. However,vocal effects
are often unintentional are usually a natural
response to their environment.