Prosody
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Prosody is the study of rhythm, intonation, stress, and other attributes in speech and poetic meter. It includes features such as stress, pitch, intonation, pauses, loudness, pace, paralinguistic features, and vocal effects. Stress refers to emphasis placed on syllables or words. Pitch is variation in vocal range used to convey meaning. Intonation are patterns of pitch used in language. Pauses and loudness can change meaning depending on context, while pace varies with situation and mental state. Paralinguistic features and vocal effects provide extra linguistic information.
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Prosody
This document discusses prosody, which refers to the use of pause, pitch, stress, volume, and tempo in speech to convey meaning. It describes how prosody is used to demarcate grammatical units, indicate emotion, emphasize words, and show the mood of an utterance. The best way to speak is to use these prosodic features appropriately based on the context and intended meaning.
Phonology Introduction
Phonology is the study of sound systems in languages. It has four branches: segmental phonology which analyzes speech into discrete segments like phonemes; suprasegmental phonology which analyzes features over multiple segments like intonation and stress; diachronic phonology which studies sound patterns through a language's history; and synchronic phonology which studies sound patterns regardless of historical change. Phonology also examines phones which are minimal speech units, phonemes which are distinctive minimal units, and allophones which are variants of phonemes that occur in different phonetic environments. A syllable contains a sonority peak like a vowel with optional onset and coda consonants. Syllable structure and distinctive features are also
Phonetics and phonology
This document provides information about phonetics and phonology. It defines phonetics as the study of speech sounds and their production, combination, and description, while phonology is concerned with how patterns of speech sounds create meaning. It discusses the branches of phonetics including articulatory, acoustic, and auditory phonetics. It also explains that phonetics studies the physical properties of sounds, while phonology studies abstract sound patterns and systems. The document provides the definition of key terms like phoneme and includes examples of a phonemic chart and International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) chart.
Phonetic and Phonology
1/The word “ Phone” means sound and “tics” means scientific or systematic study of something. So we can say that Phonetics means scientific or systematic study of human speech sounds.
Phonetics is general study of all human speech sounds and how they are produced, transmitted and received.
2/Phonology is the study of the sound system of particulars human languages, include dialects and other language varieties.
Suprasegmental features
Content words such as verbs, nouns, adjectives, and adverbs carry meaning in language and are stressed when spoken. Structure words like pronouns, prepositions, articles, conjunctions, and auxiliary verbs are used for correct grammar but are unstressed. The document provides examples of content and structure words in English to distinguish words that carry meaning from function words.
Morphology-Syntax Interface
This document discusses the interaction between morphology and syntax. It begins by defining morphology as concerning word formation, and syntax as concerning rules for combining words into phrases and sentences. While morphology and syntax generally deal with different levels, they interact in several ways. Inflectional morphology carries grammatical meaning and is relevant to syntax. Argument structure, passive and anti-passive constructions, causatives, applicatives, and noun incorporation involve interactions between a verb's arguments and morphology. Clitics, phrasal verbs, and phrasal compounds exist at the morphology-syntax interface.
Introduction to Suprasegmental Features
Suprasegmental features are prosodic elements of speech such as intonation, rhythm, stress and tone that operate over longer stretches of speech rather than individual sounds. They affect the pronunciation of segments and can change or clarify the meaning of words and sentences. Examples given include vowel length changing meaning in some languages, intonation conveying emotion, and stress and pausing altering sentence meaning in English. Tone languages also use pitch at the syllable level to distinguish word meanings.
Phonology
This document discusses the key differences between phonetics and phonology. Phonetics deals with the physical properties of speech sounds, while phonology examines how sounds are organized into systems within languages. It defines phonology as the description of sound patterns in a language, focusing on abstract mental representations rather than physical sounds. The document introduces important phonological concepts like phonemes, allophones, minimal pairs, phonotactics, syllables, and co-articulation effects like assimilation and elision.
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Prosody
This document discusses prosody, which refers to the use of pause, pitch, stress, volume, and tempo in speech to convey meaning. It describes how prosody is used to demarcate grammatical units, indicate emotion, emphasize words, and show the mood of an utterance. The best way to speak is to use these prosodic features appropriately based on the context and intended meaning.
Phonology Introduction
Phonology is the study of sound systems in languages. It has four branches: segmental phonology which analyzes speech into discrete segments like phonemes; suprasegmental phonology which analyzes features over multiple segments like intonation and stress; diachronic phonology which studies sound patterns through a language's history; and synchronic phonology which studies sound patterns regardless of historical change. Phonology also examines phones which are minimal speech units, phonemes which are distinctive minimal units, and allophones which are variants of phonemes that occur in different phonetic environments. A syllable contains a sonority peak like a vowel with optional onset and coda consonants. Syllable structure and distinctive features are also
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Phonetic and Phonology
1/The word “ Phone” means sound and “tics” means scientific or systematic study of something. So we can say that Phonetics means scientific or systematic study of human speech sounds.
Phonetics is general study of all human speech sounds and how they are produced, transmitted and received.
2/Phonology is the study of the sound system of particulars human languages, include dialects and other language varieties.
Suprasegmental features
Content words such as verbs, nouns, adjectives, and adverbs carry meaning in language and are stressed when spoken. Structure words like pronouns, prepositions, articles, conjunctions, and auxiliary verbs are used for correct grammar but are unstressed. The document provides examples of content and structure words in English to distinguish words that carry meaning from function words.
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This document discusses the interaction between morphology and syntax. It begins by defining morphology as concerning word formation, and syntax as concerning rules for combining words into phrases and sentences. While morphology and syntax generally deal with different levels, they interact in several ways. Inflectional morphology carries grammatical meaning and is relevant to syntax. Argument structure, passive and anti-passive constructions, causatives, applicatives, and noun incorporation involve interactions between a verb's arguments and morphology. Clitics, phrasal verbs, and phrasal compounds exist at the morphology-syntax interface.
Introduction to Suprasegmental Features
Suprasegmental features are prosodic elements of speech such as intonation, rhythm, stress and tone that operate over longer stretches of speech rather than individual sounds. They affect the pronunciation of segments and can change or clarify the meaning of words and sentences. Examples given include vowel length changing meaning in some languages, intonation conveying emotion, and stress and pausing altering sentence meaning in English. Tone languages also use pitch at the syllable level to distinguish word meanings.
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This document discusses the key differences between phonetics and phonology. Phonetics deals with the physical properties of speech sounds, while phonology examines how sounds are organized into systems within languages. It defines phonology as the description of sound patterns in a language, focusing on abstract mental representations rather than physical sounds. The document introduces important phonological concepts like phonemes, allophones, minimal pairs, phonotactics, syllables, and co-articulation effects like assimilation and elision.
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Phoneme consists of two parts: phon and eme. Phon refers to the shape of a sound, and phoneme is formed when eme is added to phon. A phoneme is the smallest unit in a language that can change meaning. A phoneme is a set of allophones, which are variants of the same phoneme that do not change meaning. An essential property of a phoneme is that it functions contrastively in a language.
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Phonemes are the basic sound units of a language. Each phoneme comprises a set of allophones, which are the phonetic variants of that phoneme. Allophones are predictable realizations of a phoneme that depend on the linguistic environment, whereas phonemes are non-predictable and significant for meaning. Different languages can organize the same sounds differently - for example, English has aspirated and unaspirated /p/ phonemes, while Mandarin treats these as different phonemes. The distribution and organization of phonemes versus their allophonic variants distinguishes languages.
Phonology
This document provides an overview of phonology, discussing its key concepts and units of analysis. It defines phonology as the study of sound patterns in language and identifies its three major units as segments, syllables, and features. It examines topics such as minimal pairs, contrastive sounds, allophones, and phonotactics. It also discusses language-specific variations and how sounds that contrast in one language may not in another. Overall, the document provides a concise introduction to fundamental concepts in phonological analysis.
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The document discusses several topics related to prosody and suprasegmental features in language:
- It defines prosody and suprasegmental features, and gives examples like pitch, loudness, duration.
- It describes the three main prosodic systems in English: stress, rhythm, and intonation. Stress operates at the word level, rhythm at the phrase level, and intonation spans entire utterances.
- It also discusses topics like word stress patterns, compounds words, and the rhythmic nature of English as being stress-timed.
- Intonation is defined as the melody of an utterance, with elements like pitch accents and their meaning determined by context.
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1) Phonological processes are sound changes that occur in spoken language. This document discusses several English phonological processes including aspiration of consonants, flapping of /t/ and /d/, vowel lengthening before voiced consonants, and assimilation which causes sounds to become more similar to neighboring sounds.
2) The document also covers sound changes involving insertion, deletion, or modification of sounds within words through processes like epenthesis, metathesis, apocope, syncope, and apophony which involve internal changes to indicate grammatical information.
3) Examples of sound changes from other languages like Spanish and Tagalog are provided to illustrate how these phonological processes can vary across languages.
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The document discusses the teaching of phonetics and phonology at the M.A. level in Pakistan. It notes that pronunciation is an important but often neglected aspect of language learning. Teaching phonetics and phonology faces several challenges in Pakistan, including a lack of language labs, large class sizes, and differences between the sound systems of Urdu and English. Pakistani students need more listening and speaking practice to develop communicative skills, yet the education system emphasizes reading and writing over oral skills. Improving the teaching of phonetics and phonology would benefit both students and teachers.
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1. speech organs and their role
The speech organs can be divided into three main systems - respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory. The respiratory system includes the lungs and trachea and provides the air source for speech. The phonatory system includes the larynx and vocal folds, which can vibrate to produce voiced sounds. The articulators in the articulatory system, including the lips, tongue, jaw, and palate, can be moved in different positions and shapes to produce distinct speech sounds by modifying the air stream from the lungs. Each speech organ plays an important role in the production of speech.
Speech organ and manner of articulation
This document discusses speech organs and the three dimensions of articulation. It defines speech organs as the parts of the body involved in sound production, including passive organs like the lips and alveolar ridge, as well as active organs like the tongue. It then explains the three dimensions of articulation - voicing, place of articulation, and manner of articulation. Voicing refers to whether vocal cords vibrate during sound production. Place of articulation is where in the mouth a sound is made. Manner of articulation describes how the air stream is modified, such as stops, fricatives, nasals, etc.
Semantics
The document discusses various lexical semantic relations between words such as synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms, homophones, polysemy, and collocations. It defines each relation and provides examples to illustrate how the meaning of words can be related or contrasted in multiple ways. The key relations covered are synonyms (words with similar meanings), antonyms (opposite meanings), hyponyms (a specific example of a general category), and polysemy (a single word with multiple related meanings).
Prosodic phonology ms ferrer
This document discusses prosodic phonology and its key components. It covers syllable structure, word stress, sentence and phrase stress, and intonation. Syllable structure is examined in terms of onset, nucleus, and coda. Word stress patterns are described for monosyllabic, bisyllabic, and multisyllabic words. Sentence stress focuses on content and structure words. Intonation conveys meaning through pitch, rhythm, and sentence stress and serves attitudinal, accentual, grammatical, and discourse functions.
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The document summarizes paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations in linguistics. It discusses how paradigmatic relations describe substitutional relationships between linguistic units, while syntagmatic relations refer to the sequential order of units. The document also provides examples of these relations at different linguistic levels and notes that syntagmatic relations are generally stronger. It then discusses semantic fields and how words with related meanings form clusters.
Syntax
This document discusses syntax, which is the study of grammatical relations between words and other units within sentences. It covers topics such as word order, sentence formation, syntactic categories, phrase structure rules, and sentence structure. Syntax examines the rules that govern how words can be combined to form meaningful sentences in different languages and how these rules can vary between languages, dialects, time periods, and social groups.
Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology
This document provides an introduction to linguistics, focusing on phonetics and phonology. It defines key terms including:
- Phonetics is the study of speech sounds and their production, including articulatory, acoustic, and auditory phonetics.
- Phonology examines how sounds function and are organized in languages.
- Other terms defined include phoneme, allophone, place and manner of articulation, voiced vs voiceless sounds, syllables, phonotactics, and consonant clusters. Speech organs and their roles in sound production are also discussed.
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Syntax is the study of sentence structure and the rules for constructing sentences, while grammar refers more broadly to the rules of a language, including syntax and morphology. Syntax examines what words go where in a sentence and the relationships between them. Grammar sets the standard for correct usage of a language through rules governing areas like agreement between words. Traditional grammar describes syntactic structures through categories like nouns and verbs, while generative grammar aims to provide rules for predicting grammatical sentences in a language.
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This document provides an introduction to syntax from a lecture given at the University of Aden. It begins by discussing related linguistic concepts like grammar and morphology. Grammar is defined as the mental representation of a speaker's linguistic competence, while morphology examines word structure and formation. Syntax is then defined as the study of how words are combined in an orderly manner to form phrases, clauses and sentences. The goals of syntax are outlined, such as illustrating patterns of language and analyzing sentence structure. The document concludes by noting that syntax establishes rules based on traditional grammar and requires recalling information over time.
Deep structure and surface structure
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Suprasegmental aspects of speech
Suprasegmental are often referred to as the prosodic, temporal, or patterned features of speech, or as the “melody” of speech.
Speech features are rhythmic in that they occur in patterns which differ from language to language.
Speech rhythm carries meaning, aids understanding, conveys emotional state ,and expresses esthetic qualities.
Suprasegmental features are produced by controlled changes in voice ,pitch ,loudness and duration.
Suprasegmental, in phonetics, a speech feature such as stress, tone, or word juncture that accompanies or is added over consonants and vowels; these features are not limited to single sounds but often extend over syllables, words, or phrases.
All of the Suprasegmental features are characterized by the fact that they must be described in relation to other items in the same utterance. It is the relative values of the pitch, length, or degree of stress of an item that are significant.
suprasegmental features includes- accent,stress/emphasis,intonation,phrasing,rate.
Tria Anizar Ramadhani PnSP.pptx
This document discusses prosodic and suprasegmental phonology. It explains that prosody is concerned with elements of speech that are not individual phonetic segments, such as vowels and consonants. Suprasegmental features include stress, tone, pitch, intonation, and length. Stress refers to emphasis on sounds or syllables. Tone uses pitch to distinguish meaning. Pitch can be low, mid, or high. Intonation involves raising, lowering, or sustaining voice pitch. Length refers to longer articulation of vowels and consonants.
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12 morphophonemics
Morphophonemics is the study of variations in the form of morphemes due to phonetic factors or sound changes. When morphemes are combined, their pronunciation can change based on morphological and phonological rules. For example, in English the plural morpheme is realized as /-s/, /-z/, or /-əz/ depending on the final sound of the preceding word. These varying forms are called allomorphs and are conditioned by phonological rules at morpheme boundaries.
Phone, phoneme and allophone
Phoneme consists of two parts: phon and eme. Phon refers to the shape of a sound, and phoneme is formed when eme is added to phon. A phoneme is the smallest unit in a language that can change meaning. A phoneme is a set of allophones, which are variants of the same phoneme that do not change meaning. An essential property of a phoneme is that it functions contrastively in a language.
Allophone and phoneme. persentation
Phonemes are the basic sound units of a language. Each phoneme comprises a set of allophones, which are the phonetic variants of that phoneme. Allophones are predictable realizations of a phoneme that depend on the linguistic environment, whereas phonemes are non-predictable and significant for meaning. Different languages can organize the same sounds differently - for example, English has aspirated and unaspirated /p/ phonemes, while Mandarin treats these as different phonemes. The distribution and organization of phonemes versus their allophonic variants distinguishes languages.
Phonology
This document provides an overview of phonology, discussing its key concepts and units of analysis. It defines phonology as the study of sound patterns in language and identifies its three major units as segments, syllables, and features. It examines topics such as minimal pairs, contrastive sounds, allophones, and phonotactics. It also discusses language-specific variations and how sounds that contrast in one language may not in another. Overall, the document provides a concise introduction to fundamental concepts in phonological analysis.
Suprasegmental features and Prosody
The document discusses several topics related to prosody and suprasegmental features in language:
- It defines prosody and suprasegmental features, and gives examples like pitch, loudness, duration.
- It describes the three main prosodic systems in English: stress, rhythm, and intonation. Stress operates at the word level, rhythm at the phrase level, and intonation spans entire utterances.
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- Intonation is defined as the melody of an utterance, with elements like pitch accents and their meaning determined by context.
Phonological processes
1) Phonological processes are sound changes that occur in spoken language. This document discusses several English phonological processes including aspiration of consonants, flapping of /t/ and /d/, vowel lengthening before voiced consonants, and assimilation which causes sounds to become more similar to neighboring sounds.
2) The document also covers sound changes involving insertion, deletion, or modification of sounds within words through processes like epenthesis, metathesis, apocope, syncope, and apophony which involve internal changes to indicate grammatical information.
3) Examples of sound changes from other languages like Spanish and Tagalog are provided to illustrate how these phonological processes can vary across languages.
Teaching Of Phonetics And Phonology At Ma Level In Pakistan
The document discusses the teaching of phonetics and phonology at the M.A. level in Pakistan. It notes that pronunciation is an important but often neglected aspect of language learning. Teaching phonetics and phonology faces several challenges in Pakistan, including a lack of language labs, large class sizes, and differences between the sound systems of Urdu and English. Pakistani students need more listening and speaking practice to develop communicative skills, yet the education system emphasizes reading and writing over oral skills. Improving the teaching of phonetics and phonology would benefit both students and teachers.
Saussure
Ferdinand de Saussure was a Swiss linguist born in 1857 who studied languages across Europe and taught Sanskrit. He is considered the founder of modern linguistics. He taught a seminal course on general linguistics from 1907-1911 that influenced many fields. Saussure argued that language should be studied as a system of signs composed of a signifier (sound pattern) and signified (concept). He distinguished between langue (the system shared by a language community) and parole (individual instances of language use). Saussure's work emphasized that language is a social construct whose elements are arbitrarily linked and exist in a network of relationships. He introduced key concepts like the arbitrary nature of the sign, synchronic vs
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1. speech organs and their role
The speech organs can be divided into three main systems - respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory. The respiratory system includes the lungs and trachea and provides the air source for speech. The phonatory system includes the larynx and vocal folds, which can vibrate to produce voiced sounds. The articulators in the articulatory system, including the lips, tongue, jaw, and palate, can be moved in different positions and shapes to produce distinct speech sounds by modifying the air stream from the lungs. Each speech organ plays an important role in the production of speech.
Speech organ and manner of articulation
This document discusses speech organs and the three dimensions of articulation. It defines speech organs as the parts of the body involved in sound production, including passive organs like the lips and alveolar ridge, as well as active organs like the tongue. It then explains the three dimensions of articulation - voicing, place of articulation, and manner of articulation. Voicing refers to whether vocal cords vibrate during sound production. Place of articulation is where in the mouth a sound is made. Manner of articulation describes how the air stream is modified, such as stops, fricatives, nasals, etc.
Semantics
The document discusses various lexical semantic relations between words such as synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms, homophones, polysemy, and collocations. It defines each relation and provides examples to illustrate how the meaning of words can be related or contrasted in multiple ways. The key relations covered are synonyms (words with similar meanings), antonyms (opposite meanings), hyponyms (a specific example of a general category), and polysemy (a single word with multiple related meanings).
Prosodic phonology ms ferrer
This document discusses prosodic phonology and its key components. It covers syllable structure, word stress, sentence and phrase stress, and intonation. Syllable structure is examined in terms of onset, nucleus, and coda. Word stress patterns are described for monosyllabic, bisyllabic, and multisyllabic words. Sentence stress focuses on content and structure words. Intonation conveys meaning through pitch, rhythm, and sentence stress and serves attitudinal, accentual, grammatical, and discourse functions.
Paradigmatic vs syntagmatic relations 2
The document summarizes paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations in linguistics. It discusses how paradigmatic relations describe substitutional relationships between linguistic units, while syntagmatic relations refer to the sequential order of units. The document also provides examples of these relations at different linguistic levels and notes that syntagmatic relations are generally stronger. It then discusses semantic fields and how words with related meanings form clusters.
Syntax
This document discusses syntax, which is the study of grammatical relations between words and other units within sentences. It covers topics such as word order, sentence formation, syntactic categories, phrase structure rules, and sentence structure. Syntax examines the rules that govern how words can be combined to form meaningful sentences in different languages and how these rules can vary between languages, dialects, time periods, and social groups.
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This document provides an introduction to linguistics, focusing on phonetics and phonology. It defines key terms including:
- Phonetics is the study of speech sounds and their production, including articulatory, acoustic, and auditory phonetics.
- Phonology examines how sounds function and are organized in languages.
- Other terms defined include phoneme, allophone, place and manner of articulation, voiced vs voiceless sounds, syllables, phonotactics, and consonant clusters. Speech organs and their roles in sound production are also discussed.
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This presentation is about Language Disorders, their symptoms and treatment. It also tells how parents can help their own children who suffer from such disorders.
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Syntax is the study of sentence structure and the rules for constructing sentences, while grammar refers more broadly to the rules of a language, including syntax and morphology. Syntax examines what words go where in a sentence and the relationships between them. Grammar sets the standard for correct usage of a language through rules governing areas like agreement between words. Traditional grammar describes syntactic structures through categories like nouns and verbs, while generative grammar aims to provide rules for predicting grammatical sentences in a language.
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This document provides an introduction to syntax from a lecture given at the University of Aden. It begins by discussing related linguistic concepts like grammar and morphology. Grammar is defined as the mental representation of a speaker's linguistic competence, while morphology examines word structure and formation. Syntax is then defined as the study of how words are combined in an orderly manner to form phrases, clauses and sentences. The goals of syntax are outlined, such as illustrating patterns of language and analyzing sentence structure. The document concludes by noting that syntax establishes rules based on traditional grammar and requires recalling information over time.
Deep structure and surface structure
This document provides an overview of syntax and generative grammar. It defines syntax as the way words are arranged to show relationships of meaning within and between sentences. Grammar is defined as the art of writing, but is now used to study language. Generative grammar uses formal rules to generate an infinite set of grammatical sentences. It distinguishes between deep structure and surface structure. Tree diagrams are used to represent syntactic structures with symbols like S, NP, VP. Phrase structure rules, lexical rules, and movement rules are components of generative grammar. Complement phrases and recursion allow sentences to be embedded within other sentences.
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Teaching Of Phonetics And Phonology At Ma Level In Pakistan
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Suprasegmental aspects of speech
Suprasegmental are often referred to as the prosodic, temporal, or patterned features of speech, or as the “melody” of speech.
Speech features are rhythmic in that they occur in patterns which differ from language to language.
Speech rhythm carries meaning, aids understanding, conveys emotional state ,and expresses esthetic qualities.
Suprasegmental features are produced by controlled changes in voice ,pitch ,loudness and duration.
Suprasegmental, in phonetics, a speech feature such as stress, tone, or word juncture that accompanies or is added over consonants and vowels; these features are not limited to single sounds but often extend over syllables, words, or phrases.
All of the Suprasegmental features are characterized by the fact that they must be described in relation to other items in the same utterance. It is the relative values of the pitch, length, or degree of stress of an item that are significant.
suprasegmental features includes- accent,stress/emphasis,intonation,phrasing,rate.
Tria Anizar Ramadhani PnSP.pptx
This document discusses prosodic and suprasegmental phonology. It explains that prosody is concerned with elements of speech that are not individual phonetic segments, such as vowels and consonants. Suprasegmental features include stress, tone, pitch, intonation, and length. Stress refers to emphasis on sounds or syllables. Tone uses pitch to distinguish meaning. Pitch can be low, mid, or high. Intonation involves raising, lowering, or sustaining voice pitch. Length refers to longer articulation of vowels and consonants.
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This document discusses prosodic features of speech, including volume, projection, pitch, stress, intonation, and juncture. Volume refers to loudness, projection is strength in speaking, pitch is highness or lowness of tone, and stress is emphasis on syllables. Intonation is variation in pitch used to express emotion. Juncture involves pauses of varying lengths that are indicated with symbols like single or double bars and double crosses.
Paralinguistic (1) (Communication Skills)
This document discusses paralinguistic features of speech, which are non-verbal elements that contribute meaning. It describes qualities like voice, volume, rate, pitch, articulation, pronunciation, and pause. Specific qualities like voice quality, volume, pace/rate, pitch, articulation, pronunciation, and modulation are defined. Voice quality can distinguish individuals and be resonant, soft, thin, hoarse, or harsh. Volume should project but not always be loud. Pace/rate should vary between 120-150 words per minute. Pitch varies with intonation and emotion. Articulation and pronunciation impact credibility if words are slurred or mispronounced. Modulation prevents dullness through word and sentence stress. Pauses
Paralinguistics
This document discusses paralinguistics, which is the study of non-verbal elements of speech. It defines paralinguistics and lists its key components: volume, speed of voice, intonation, tone, pronunciation, articulation, pause, and punctuation marks. For each component, it provides a brief explanation of how it is used and perceived in communication. The document suggests that paralinguistics conveys meaning beyond the words themselves and that understanding paralinguistics can help improve communication effectiveness and understand others better. It concludes by attributing more meaning to how something is said rather than just the words.
PPT-UEU-EPP-Session-13.pptxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
- The document discusses concepts in English intonation and phonology, including analyzing pitch, tone units, tonic syllables, head and tail tones, and pitch possibilities.
- Key aspects of intonation are the pitch of the voice and how speakers use rising and falling tones to convey meaning and attitudes.
- Tone languages use distinct tones on syllables to distinguish word meanings, unlike intonation in English which varies pitch for functions like questions versus statements.
- The document examines components of tone units like pre-head, head, and tail syllables and how pitch can fall or continue rising over multiple syllables in a tone unit.
LAMC104Lec3(1).ppt
This document discusses the sounds of language. It explains that humans are unique in having complex verbal language. Understanding language requires knowledge of distinct sounds, word meanings, tenses, and word order. Phonology is the study of sounds in a language, distinguishing between phonetics which identifies sounds and phonemics which analyzes sound patterns. Phonetic charts show all a language's sounds while phonemic charts show only distinctive sounds. Vowels have less constricted airflow than consonants. Suprasegmentals like pitch and nasalization further modify sounds. Tone and rising/falling intonation can also influence meaning.
Presentation 1 (1) (4).pdf
Intonation refers to the patterns of pitch used in speech to convey meaning. There are four main types of tones used in intonation: fall-rise, rise-fall, rise, and falling. Intonation serves four functions: attitudinal, accentual, grammatical, and discourse. The attitudinal function conveys emotions, the accentual function determines stress placement, the grammatical function distinguishes statements from questions, and the discourse function focuses attention and regulates conversation. Intonation is measured acoustically by frequency, amplitude, and duration/fluctuation.
Paralinguistics
It is very useful presentation to understand what is paralinguistics. It is useful to effectively understand the component of non-verbal communication.
Rhythm and intonation in connected speech.
Connected speech refers to how words are pronounced in normal conversation compared to in isolation. In connected speech, sounds may be deleted, words run together, and stress is placed differently. There are three main patterns of intonation in English - falling, rising, and fall-rising tones. Falling tone is used for statements, commands, and wh-questions. Rising tone invites the speaker to continue and is used for yes/no questions and question tags seeking confirmation. Fall-rising tone shows hesitation, reluctance, or politeness with an uncertain answer. Intonation and stress work together to convey meaning and emotion in speech.
Verbal and non verbal signaling
Assalam o Alaikum... The presentation will be helpful regarding semantics as well as to understand public speaking
Verbal and non verbal signaling
Assalam o Alaikum.. Hopefully, the presentation will be helpful regarding semantics and to understand components of human speech..!!
Verbal and non verbal signaling
This document discusses verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication uses language and sounds, while non-verbal communication uses gestures, body language and signs. It also examines the relationship between verbal and non-verbal signals in speech. Verbal signals include words and stress/intonation, which change meaning. Non-verbal signals like facial expressions and eye contact also modify meaning. Both verbal and non-verbal components work together to fully convey semantic information in utterances.
Discourse analysis and phonology. learning activity 1.4
This document discusses various linguistic concepts related to discourse analysis and phonology, including intonation, rhythm, word stress, prominence, tonality, and pitch. It examines how these elements are used to construct meaning and manage discourse. Speakers can choose prominence on syllables, tones like rising and falling pitch, and their overall pitch or "key" to convey attitudes, structure information, and engage interactively. The functions of prominence, tone, and pitch level need to be analyzed separately but also considered together as unified system that speakers adjust in conversation.
English Diphthong
This document discusses diphthongs in English phonology. It defines a diphthong as a single sound produced from two vowels in sequence, with one vowel being dominant. Diphthongs are represented by two letters, with the first showing the starting point and second the direction of movement from one vowel position to another. There are two types of diphthongs: closing diphthongs where the position moves to close vowels, and centering diphthongs where the position moves to center vowels. The first vowel is longer in duration and receives more stress.
ppt of CS
Paralinguistic cues are non-verbal vocal features that add expression to speech. These include qualities like volume, pitch, rate, articulation, pronunciation, and pauses. Voice quality depends on vocal resonation and can be rich or thin. Volume should project but not always be loud. Speaking rate should vary between 120-150 words per minute. Pitch is controlled by vocal chord tension and air supply. Articulation and pronunciation impact clarity, and modulation, word stress, and pauses affect engagement. These paralinguistic cues give speech human touch and life beyond the written word.
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Prosody
- 1. PROSODY
- 2. DEFINITON • The study of rhythm,intonation,stress,and related attributes in speech • The study of poetic meter,the patterns of sound and rhythms in verse
- 3. PROSODIC FEATURES • STRESS • PITCH • INTONATION • PAUSES • LOUDNESS AND PACE • PARALINGUISTIC FEATURES AND VOCAL EFFECTS
- 4. • Vocal pitch (fundamental frequency) • Loudness (acoustic intensity) • Rhythm (phoneme and syllable duration)
- 5. STRESS Stress is the emphasis that is placed on a syllable or word when we speak. The same word can have the stress in different places,which changes the meaning of the word.
- 6. PITCH Pitch is the variation of an individual’s vocal range,from high to low,used in speech to convey the individual’s relation to a current topic of conversation.
- 7. INTONATION Intonation is the different patterns of pitch an individual uses in spoken language.
- 8. PAUSES Pauses are brief silences in speech. These pauses could mean different things depending on the context.
- 9. LOUDNESS AND PACE Pace is the speech at which we talk. This can vary depending on who we are talking to and what the situation is. It is your way of your mental state and wellbeing being expressed. Volume or loudness is used to enhance the meaning of utterances. Similar to pace,we change our volume intensity depending on the context.
- 10. PARALINGUISTIC FEATURES AND VOCAL EFFECTS Paralinguistic features such as body language,posture,gestures, and facial expression can give extra information about spoken language. Vocal effects like laughing,throat clearing,gasping,yawning,sighing,and coughing can also add information. However,vocal effects are often unintentional are usually a natural response to their environment.