Proposal

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ......................................................... 2
A. Background of the Study ......................................................... 2
B. Statement of the Problem......................................................... 5
C. Purpose of the Study ................................................................ 5
D. Significance of the Study ......................................................... 5
E. Scope and Limitation of the Study .......................................... 6
F. Definition of Key Terms .......................................................... 6
CHAPTER II THEOROTICAL FRAMEWORKS........................... 7
A. Language ................................................................................... 7
B. Definition of Written Production............................................. 9
C. Definition of Psycholinguistics ................................................. 11
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD............................................. 13
A. Method ...................................................................................... 13
1. Source of data ..................................................................... 14
2. Data collecting techniques.................................................. 14
3. Data analysis ....................................................................... 15
4. Verivication ......................................................................... 17
Bibliography .......................................................................................... 18

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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Chapter I is attempted to serve the introduction of research which consist
of : Background of study, Statement of the problems, Purpose of the study,
Significances of the study, Scope and limitation of the study, and Definition of
Key Terms
A. Background of the Study
English is the international language , it is a means of communication
other than English. Britain has an important position in every aspect of life,
not only in education but also in business , social , tourism , etc. The
importance of English can be seen form the other side . For example in the
world of English education is very important to use . Now in the world of
education often use the English language , such as exam sample questions
math now also many schools that use English . So it is very important english
once taught in education . one day after school when we also need to be an
entrepreneur can speak English to communicate with foreigners or overseas.
as well as many competitions now writing using the English language . write
it also requires creativity and talent of its own not just anyone can write well.
Here we are we will be discussing the production of writing it . Writing
has the following meaning a person's activities in expressing ideas, ideas or
thoughts through writing . The ideas can be opinions, knowledge , experience
,desire , or any feeling person . Writing not only express ideas through written
language through the medium of written language only but mix these posts so
that readers can understand. other than that writing is a very practical tool to
convey our message to many people . In other words , we can say that just by

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using written language , one can communicate their ideas with many people
and inform them about the same things at the same time.
Writing skills is one of the language skills that should be mastered
students. Many experts have expressed understanding of writing. One of
them, in the opinion of Lannon (1989 : 9) views writing as “the process of
transforming the material discovered by research inspiration, accident, trial or
error, or whatever into a message with a definite meaning- writing is a
process of deliberate decision” . It means that writing must convey a message
with a meaning.
Based on the above description can be concluded that writing is a skill a
person in the activities of their ideas, mind, and experiences and feelings in
written form that are organized in a systematic way so as to be understood by
others.
Currently writing is very important to use for everyone, by writing we can
make various kinds of work, like we can make poetry, we could make a good
book and by using appropriate language properly, so it also requires writing
the language. Language is a medium of communication, a sound symbol
system resulting from human speech.
According to David Francis and Stephen Hester (2004:8), Language is
fundamental to everything that is done in social life: as members of society
we live our social lives by talking to and with others. Based on the opinion
can make a conclusion language is not only composed of one variable, but
more. Language is a tool that is used to from the mind and feelings, desires,
and actions, a tool used to influence and be influenced in every human
thought in social life.
Then in the language that there must be a process of how language is
acquired and how to use the language, this is called the psycholinguistic
study. According to Hiroko Yamashita Yuki Hirose Jerome L. Packard (2011
: 299 ) Psycholinguistics is able to explore. They provide, most obviously, the

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opportunity to investigate the specific contributions of heads in syntactic
processing: do heads deliver more information than modifiers and
complements do; are they the engine that drives phrasal integration; and so
forth. Based in the opinion studied the relationship between language and
behavior of human reason mengeksplornya how well the car properly and
clearly. Through a combined approach of psychology and linguistics for the
study of language knowledge, language use, language change.
In linguistics is divided into three , namely language comprehension ,
language production , and language acquisition . Here I will explain and
discuss the language production . Language production is divided into two ,
namely spoken and written , here I'll identifies about witten. Language
Production is construct the meaning of the message is generated Making the
general structure of the sentence then Choose words and shape after that
Insert messages and talk . Written production is the creation or demonstration
of knowledge in a written format.Students with written production problems
have processing deficits that impact their ability to write. For these students
the need to focus on the writing process itself (e.g. idea production, word
choice, organization) may limit their ability to demonstrate their knowledge
through writing. Students with written production problems often struggle
with spelling and the production of coherent sentences which influence how
others perceive their written work. Slow written production may also be an
issue for these students.
Based on the reason above, the writer takes the title for this study is
“Methode Production Written By 7ᵗʱ A Grades Students At Smp N 1
Maospati : A Psycolinguitic Study”

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B. Statement of the problem
The main concern of the study is :
1. What are kinds of method of writing Total Sampling of 7ᵗʱ grade
Students of SMP N 1 MAOSPATI ?
2. How is the production writing in the writing strategies on grade students
at SMP N 1 Maospati?
C. Purpose of the study
This study aims to:
1. To determine the writing skills of the student in Method of Production
Written By 7ᵗʱ A Grades Students At Smp N 1 Maospati : A
Psycolinguitic Study”.
2. To know the advantages and disadventages of Methode Production
Written By 7ᵗʱ A Grades Students At Smp N 1 Maospati : A
Psycolinguitic Study”.
D. Significance of the Study
1. Theoretical Benefits :
The results of this study can be used as:
a. Study materials in improving the quality of processes and results of
learning to written production.
2. Practical Benefits :
1. For Students
a. Provide ease for students in their ideas.
2. The English Teacher
The result of this study will help the english teachers to
solve the problem in learning english especially in teaching writing

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and give some suitable media or techniques to make the students
enjoy and easy in writing english.
3. The Writer
By doing this research, the writer can enlarge the
knowledge about teaching writing.
E. Scope and limitation of the study
This study limits its scope of research on various fields of
psycholinguistics, especially about writing production. The author chose
Method of Production Written By 7ᵗʱ A Grades Students At Smp N 1
Maospati : A Psycolinguitic Study
F. Definition of Key Terms
According to Pour Ho Chi Minh 2005 : 4) Psycholinguistics is the
study of how individuals use (comprehend – produce) and acquire
language. Psycholinguistics is part of the field of cognitive sciences.
Cognitive sciences reflect the insights of psychology and linguistics, but
also of other fields as artificial intelligence, neuroscience
(neuropsychology), and philosophy. Psycholinguistics stresses the
knowledge of language and the cognitive processes (or psychological
mechanisms) involved in ordinary language use. Psycholinguistics is also
interested in the social rules involved in language use (// with
sociolinguistics) and the brain mechanisms associated with language (//
neurolinguistics).
Written Production Written production is the creation or
demonstration of knowledge in a written format. Students with written

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production problems have processing deficits that impact their ability to
write.
To learn and practice writing students better understand how car
menukis properly. Therefore the researcher wants to examine students of
SMP Negeri 1 Maospati, whether they've been able to make the sentence
correctly or not. To the researchers wanted to examine directly.

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CHAPTER II
THEORITICAL FRAMEWORKS
Theoretical framework in this chapter is served in order to present theories
related to the problem in the previous chapter. The focus of theoretical
framework can make the problem clear. This chapter explains about language,
writing, written production and psycholinguistic.
A. Language
1. The Notion of Language
Language is very useful device in society, because language is used to
show intention, bargain, and offer something. According to David Francis
and Stephen Hester (2004:8), Language is fundamental to everything that is
done in social life: as members of society we live our social lives by talking
to and with others. Based on the opinion can make a conclusion language is
not only composed of one variable, but more. Language is a tool that is used
to from the mind and feelings, desires, and actions, a tool used to influence
and be influenced in every human thought in social life.
Language is an important tool for the order to each person for social
relationships to others. English is an international language which is very
important to use as a communication tool. Which means that communication
is the delivery of a message from the speaker to the receiver. Communication
was through the many languages in accordance with their respective contexts.
2. Function of language
The next theory that supports this research will be the definition of the
function of language because this study is about the use of language and the
logo should also know what the function of language. According to Ellyn
Lucas Arwood (2011 : 150 ) language function is the underlying development

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of the basic semantic relationships between or among a person or agent doing
something, an action, and with an object or objects.
Based on the opinion Language as an indispensable communication tool
and a communication tool most complete and effective to convey ideas,
feelings, messages, intentions, and opinions to others also English
communication tools that we use everyday separately convey information to
one another, and also to the social relationships between people.
B. Definition of Writing Production
Written production is the creation or demonstration of knowledge in a
written format. Students with written production problems have processing
deficits that impact their ability to write. For these students the need to focus on
the writing process itself (e.g. idea production, word choice, organization) may
limit their ability to demonstrate their knowledge through writing. Students with
written production problems often struggle with spelling and the production of
coherent sentences which influence how others perceive their written work.
Slow written production may also be an issue for these students.
Many of the steps in the production of written language are similar to
those in the production of spoken language. A major difference is that, once a
lemma and its morphological representation have been accessed, it is the
orthographic rather than the phonological form that must be retrieved and
produced. Phonology plays an important role in this process, just as it does in the
process of deriving meaning from print in reading. Support for this view comes
from a study in which speakers of French were shown drawings of such objects
as a seal (phoque) and a pipe (pipe) and were asked to write their names as
quickly as they could (Bonin, Peereman, & Fayol, in press). The time needed to
initiate writing was longer for items such as phoque, for which the initial

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phoneme has an unusual spelling (/f/ is usually spelled as f in French), than for
items such as pipe, for which the initial phoneme is spelled in the typical
manner. Thus, even when a to-be-spelled word is not presented orally, its
phonological form appears to be involved in the selection of the spelling.
Writing is a skill that language is used to communicate indirectly, not face
to face with another person. Writing is an activity that is productive and
expressive. In the course of writing, the author had to skillfully utilize
graphology, grammar, and vocabulary. According to Lannon (1989 : 9) views
writing as “the process of transforming the material discovered by research
inspiration, accident, trial or error, or whatever into a message with a definite
meaning- writing is a process of deliberate decision” . It means that writing must
convey a message with a meaning.
In other opinion according to Widdowson (2001: 62) stated that "writing is
the use of visual medium to manifest the graphological and grammatical system
of the language. That is to say, writing in one sense is the production of
sentences as instances of usages. Thus, students must master the graphic system
of language, its grammatical structure, and select the appropriate vocabulary
(mechanisms of writing) related to the subject matter. However, they fail to do
so for writing is the most difficult and complex skill, and also because it is an act
of discovery. Another definition was given by Crystal (1999 : 214) who stated
that “writing is not a merely mechanical task, a simple matter of putting speech
down on paper. It is an exploration in the use of the graphic potential of a
language -a creative process- an act of discovery”. Writing is a form of
expression and communication which enables learners to communicate ideas,
feelings, and different attitudes in a written mode. Writing can be an individual,
a personnel, and social endeavor. As it is reported by Miller (2001, as cited in
Richards & Renanya,2003 : 25) “even though the writing production is an
expression of one’s individuality and personality, it is important to remember
that writing is also a social endeavor, a way of communicating with people”.

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Based on the above description can be concluded that writing is a skill a
person in the activities of their ideas, mind, and experiences and feelings in
written form that are organized in a systematic way so as to be understood by
others.
C. Definition of psycolinguistic
According to Eva M. Fernández and Helen Smith Cairns (2010 : 1)
Psycholinguistics is an interdisciplinary field of study in which the goals are to
understand how people acquire language, how people use language to speak and
understand one another, and how language is represented and processed in the
brain. Psycholinguistics is primarily a sub-discipline of psychology and
linguistics, but it is also related to developmental psychology, cognitive
psychology, neurolinguistics, and speech science.
In other opinion according to Pour Ho Chi Minh 2005 : 4) Psycholinguistics
is the study of how individuals use (comprehend – produce) and acquire
language. Psycholinguistics is part of the field of cognitive sciences. Cognitive
sciences reflect the insights of psychology and linguistics, but also of other fields
as artificial intelligence, neuroscience (neuropsychology), and philosophy.
Psycholinguistics stresses the knowledge of language and the cognitive
processes (or psychological mechanisms) involved in ordinary language use.
Psycholinguistics is also interested in the social rules involved in language use
(with sociolinguistics) and the brain mechanisms associated with language
(neurolinguistics). Based on the theory we can conclud Psycholinguistics is the
study of language behavior, good behavior looks and behavior appear: reception,
perception, language acquisition, and produce language and the processes that
occur within it. Psycholinguistics role in language learning is very important for
a teacher to understand the psycholinguistic understand the processes that occur
in students when the students listening, speaking, reading, or writing so that

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when the ability of the problematic language skills, teachers can see from the
point of view of psychology as an alternative solution.
Of the theory can be concluded that the written production can be called
with creations, so students can bring creative ideas they make through writing.
They can remove all that is in the mind through writing.

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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
In the third chapter of this research, the writer discusses about research
method related to the research problems. Research is a way to find the problems,
create hypotheses, collect the data, and take the conclusion of implementation in
the future. Determining the research method is the important thing in doing
research. According to Getu Degu and Tegbar Yigzaw (2006 : 10) Research is a
scientific inquiry aimed at learning new facts, testing ideas, etc. It is the
systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of data to generate new
knowledge and answer a certain question or solve a problem.
from those statements , it can be concluded that the study is a scientific
activity to ask anything and get an answer from the problem to find out the results
of a study we want to know in a discovery .
In a research methodology consists of the method and the steps to perform
a study . It is very important for researchers as to obtain the data and to analyze
the validity of data in the research process . In the third chapter of this research,
the writer discusses about research method related to the research problems.
Research is a way to find the problems, create hypotheses, collect the data, and
take the conclusion of implementation in the future.
A. Method
The research is also needed is a method and procedure method or means
adopted to achieve a particular goal. Then there is another term that is closely
related to these two terms, namely which way the specific techniques in
solving specific problems found in performing the procedure. According to
Richard W. Robinsn R. Chris Fraley Robert F. Krueger ( 2007 : 458) Method
is useful for the purposes of simplifying one’s variable set and of

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understanding the common nature of the variables that jointly define a given
factor. So the method is needed in research.
The researcher will use qulititative research to analyze data.
1. Source of Data
As the nature of research, it needs the data to be analyzed as objects of the
research. According to According to Stringer (2004: 4) source of data is
identifying stake holding groups, sites and settings, statistical records, and
other sources of documentary information providing input to the study. It
means that the information source of data is got from groups, sites and
settings, statistical records and other information to provide to the research.
The source of data in this research, the participants of this research is the
students On 7ᵗʱ A Class of SMP N 1 MAOSPATI. Participant is person who
become the subject of the research. The participant in this study is the
students of Seventh A Grade of SMP Negeri 1 maospati.
2. Data colection technique
According to Matina Morris (2004 : 62 ) Data collection is the question of
how many partnerships to collect information on.
In the reseach, the reseacher will be collect the data the first observation,
interview and the last document.
 Observation
The researcher will do the observation on how condition of the class 7 A at
SMP N 1 MAOSPATI.

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 Interview
The researcher will Interview the teacher and students about production
written Strategies Students Of SMP N 1 MAOSPATI. The researchers
provide descriptive text assigmnent on students of SMP N 1 Maospati
especially class 7A. Researchers conduct research directly to the students
of class 7 A SMP N 1 Maospati. This study was conducted to answer the
question of how students' writing skills in the classroom and to find
strengths and weaknesses in teaching students to write.
 Document
The writer gets some data of the students, such as : writing achievement,
text book, English lesson plan, student’s answer sheet or exercises and
some document which used in teaching learning writing in SMP Negeri 1
Maospati.
3. Data Analysis
According to Miles and Hubarman (1994:24),” Analysis as
consisting of three current flows of activity : data reduction, data display and
conclusion drawing or verification.” It means that in analyzing data, there are
three activities such as data reduction, data display and conclusion.
 Data Reduction
The first step of analysis , researchers conducted several activities ,
first , the researchers provide the code for all of the data collected is called
coding . Then , according to Miles and Hubarman ( 1994:24 ) , " data
reduction refers to the process of selecting , focusing , simplifying ,
abstracting , and transforming the data appear in written-up field notes or
transcription . " This means that the data reduction process , all the data

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that have been collected it will be chosen , selected , sort and finally the
conclusion . It deals with activities to provide the code on any data
collected in order to make different shapes with each other . After coding ,
the researchers disaggregated data to classify into smaller groups as
samples . Here, the researchers reduced the unused data to find the quality
of data to be shown in the data display .
Qualitative data needs to be reduced and modified to make them more
accessible, understandable, and draw out various themes and patterns. In
other words, eliminating unnecessary data and focus on relevant data for
research.
 Data Display
The second step of data analysis is displaying the data. according
to Miles and Hubarman ( 1994: 25 ) ,Generically a display is an organized,
compressed assembly of information that permits conclusing drawing and
action. The next step of data analysis show the data . During this activity
the researchers will analyze the data using content analysis techniques are
used as parameters of the theory . The first and second of the research
questions using the theory of psycholinguistics . In addition , to answer the
third research question researchers determined pragmatics as a theory of
meaning for analyzing the data .
As a result , the researchers show the results of analysis in a
systematic form and the researchers display the data in order to check
whether the data are still relevant with the research or not.

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 Drawing conclusion and verification
The third stream of analysis activity is Drawing conclusion and
verification. of the result of the data display in order to answer the research
problems. The verification is done in the analysis which the researcher
uses theories to analyze the data.
The researcher draws and does verification after finishing data reduction
and data display.
4. Verification
According to Wendy Olsen (2004 : 3) Triangulation is defined as the
mixing data or method so that diverse viewpoints or standpoints cast light upon
the topic. The mixing of data types, known as data triangulation, is thought to
help in validating to claims that might arise from an intial pilot study.
Based on the opinion Triangulation refers to the use of more than one
approach to the investigation of a research question in order to enhance
confidence in the ensuing findings. Since much social research is founded on
the use of a single research method and as such may suffer from limitations
associated with that method or from the specific application of it, triangulation
offers the prospect of enhanced confidence. Triangulation is one of the several
rationales for Multimethod Research. The term derives from surveying, where
it refers to the use of a series of triangles to map out an area.

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Bibliography
Bambang Yudi Cahyono. 2010. The Teaching of English Language Skills
and English Language Components. University of Malang Press: Malang.
Brown, H. Douglas. 2000. Principles of Language learning and Teaching.
Addision Wesley Longman: New York
K. Yin Robert. 2011. Qualitative Research from Start to Finish. The
Guildford Press: London.
David Francis and Stephen Hester. 2004. An invitation to Ethnomethodology
Language, Societyand Social Interaction. SAGE Publications London Thousand
Oaks : New Delhi
Hiroko Yamashita Yuki Hirose Jerome L. Packard. 2011. Processing And
Producing Head-Final Structures studi in theoritical psycholinguistics 38.
Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg : London New York.
Ellyn Lucas Arwood. 2011. Language Function An Introduction to Pragmatic
Assessment and Intervention for Higher Order Thinking and Better Literacy.
Jessica Kingsley Publishers: London and Philadelphia.
Richard W. Robins R. Chris Fraley Robert F. Krueger.2007. Handbook of Research
Methods in Personality Psychology. THE GUILFORD PRESS: London.
Eva M. Fernández and Helen Smith Cairns.2010.Fundamentals of Psycholinguistics. by
SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India: Singapore
Matthew B. Miles and A. Michael huberman. 1994. An Expended SourcebookQualitative
Data Analysis second edition. Sage Publication internal Education and proffesional
Publisher Thousand Oaks:London New Delhi

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Martina Morris.2004. Network Epidemiology: A Handbook for Survey Design and Data
Collection. by Oxford University Press Inc: New York
Wendy Olsen.2004. Triangulation in Sosial Research:Qualitative and
Quantitatibe methods can really be mixed.Causeway Press: Oxford University
Britain.

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