This document provides information about citations and references for a Forensic and Investigative Science course. It defines what citations are, provides citation examples, and explains why citations are important. It also describes the different parts of a citation, how citations are presented in text and in reference lists, and includes examples of citing books, journal articles, and paraphrasing.
Framework for Data Informed Science PolicyBrian Wee
Large-scale environmental changes pose challenges that straddle environmental, economic, and social boundaries. As we design and implement climate adaptation strategies at the Federal, state, local, and tribal levels, accessible and usable data are essential for implementing actions that are informed by the best available information. Data-intensive science has been heralded as an enabler for scientific breakthroughs powered by advanced computing capabilities and interoperable data systems. Those same capabilities can be applied to data and information systems that facilitate the transformation of data into highly processed products.
At the interface of scientifically informed public policy and data intensive science lies the potential for producers of credible, integrated, multi-scalar environmental data like the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) and its partners to capitalize on data and informatics interoperability initiatives that enable the integration of environmental data from across credible data sources. NSF’s large-scale environmental observatories such as NEON and the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) are designed to provide high-quality, long-term environmental data for research. These data are also meant to be repurposed for operational needs that like risk management, vulnerability assessments, resource management, and others. The proposed USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS) Long Term Agro-ecosystem Research (LTAR) network is another example of such an environmental observatory that will produce credible data for environmental / agricultural forecasting and informing policy.
To facilitate data fusion across observatories, there is a growing call for observation systems to more closely coordinate and standardize how variables are measured. Together with observation standards, cyberinfrastructure standards enable the proliferation of an ecosystem of applications that utilize diverse, high-quality, credible data. Interoperability facilitates the integration of data from multiple credible sources of data, and enables the repurposing of data for use at different geographical scales. Metadata that captures the transformation of data into value-added products (“provenance”) lends reproducability and transparency to the entire process. This way, the datasets and model code used to create any product can be examined by other parties.
This poster outlines a pathway for transforming environmental data into value-added products by various stakeholders to better inform sustainable agriculture using data from environmental observatories including NEON and LTAR.
Empirical analyses of scientific papers and researchers on Twitter: Results...Stefanie Haustein
presentation held at PLoS ALM Workshop 2013 in San Francisco
http://article-level-metrics.plos.org/alm-workshop-2013-preliminary-program/
presenting results of two Twitter studies: 1.4 PubMed papers and 37 astrophysicists on Twitter
Topic Pages: The Peer-reviewed Wikipedia Article (BOSC 2012 Poster)Spencer Bliven
PLoS Computational Biology recently launched a new initiative called Topic Pages with the goal of motivating scientists to write Wikipedia articles for computational biology topics. This poster gives some resources for interested authors to get started.
This poster was presented at BOSC 2012. My thanks to Eagle Genomics for their generous Student Travel Award.
Slides from the talk which accompanied this poster are also available on slideshare, from http://www.slideshare.net/jandot/s-bliven-why-scientists-should-contribute-to-wikipedia
Poster presentation about the Resource Identification Initiative (http://www.force11.org/Resource_identification_initiative) at the Research Data Alliance meeting in Dublin, Ireland in March 2014 (https://rd-alliance.org/rda-third-plenary-meeting.html).
Robert E Sharp (with Shannon K King, Rachel K Owen, Jonathan T Stemmle and Shaozhong Kang), Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri. Missouri China Programme: Science Communication
What the shapes of grapevine leaves tell us about ancient and future climatesDanChitwood
Slides for talk given at the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center Symposium "New Space to Speed the Pace: Advances in Plant Science by the Danforth Center and Partner Institutions" in St. Louis April 12, 2016 highlighting collaborations at the Danforth Center.
Framework for Data Informed Science PolicyBrian Wee
Large-scale environmental changes pose challenges that straddle environmental, economic, and social boundaries. As we design and implement climate adaptation strategies at the Federal, state, local, and tribal levels, accessible and usable data are essential for implementing actions that are informed by the best available information. Data-intensive science has been heralded as an enabler for scientific breakthroughs powered by advanced computing capabilities and interoperable data systems. Those same capabilities can be applied to data and information systems that facilitate the transformation of data into highly processed products.
At the interface of scientifically informed public policy and data intensive science lies the potential for producers of credible, integrated, multi-scalar environmental data like the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) and its partners to capitalize on data and informatics interoperability initiatives that enable the integration of environmental data from across credible data sources. NSF’s large-scale environmental observatories such as NEON and the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) are designed to provide high-quality, long-term environmental data for research. These data are also meant to be repurposed for operational needs that like risk management, vulnerability assessments, resource management, and others. The proposed USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS) Long Term Agro-ecosystem Research (LTAR) network is another example of such an environmental observatory that will produce credible data for environmental / agricultural forecasting and informing policy.
To facilitate data fusion across observatories, there is a growing call for observation systems to more closely coordinate and standardize how variables are measured. Together with observation standards, cyberinfrastructure standards enable the proliferation of an ecosystem of applications that utilize diverse, high-quality, credible data. Interoperability facilitates the integration of data from multiple credible sources of data, and enables the repurposing of data for use at different geographical scales. Metadata that captures the transformation of data into value-added products (“provenance”) lends reproducability and transparency to the entire process. This way, the datasets and model code used to create any product can be examined by other parties.
This poster outlines a pathway for transforming environmental data into value-added products by various stakeholders to better inform sustainable agriculture using data from environmental observatories including NEON and LTAR.
Empirical analyses of scientific papers and researchers on Twitter: Results...Stefanie Haustein
presentation held at PLoS ALM Workshop 2013 in San Francisco
http://article-level-metrics.plos.org/alm-workshop-2013-preliminary-program/
presenting results of two Twitter studies: 1.4 PubMed papers and 37 astrophysicists on Twitter
Topic Pages: The Peer-reviewed Wikipedia Article (BOSC 2012 Poster)Spencer Bliven
PLoS Computational Biology recently launched a new initiative called Topic Pages with the goal of motivating scientists to write Wikipedia articles for computational biology topics. This poster gives some resources for interested authors to get started.
This poster was presented at BOSC 2012. My thanks to Eagle Genomics for their generous Student Travel Award.
Slides from the talk which accompanied this poster are also available on slideshare, from http://www.slideshare.net/jandot/s-bliven-why-scientists-should-contribute-to-wikipedia
Poster presentation about the Resource Identification Initiative (http://www.force11.org/Resource_identification_initiative) at the Research Data Alliance meeting in Dublin, Ireland in March 2014 (https://rd-alliance.org/rda-third-plenary-meeting.html).
Robert E Sharp (with Shannon K King, Rachel K Owen, Jonathan T Stemmle and Shaozhong Kang), Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri. Missouri China Programme: Science Communication
What the shapes of grapevine leaves tell us about ancient and future climatesDanChitwood
Slides for talk given at the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center Symposium "New Space to Speed the Pace: Advances in Plant Science by the Danforth Center and Partner Institutions" in St. Louis April 12, 2016 highlighting collaborations at the Danforth Center.
Second-Generation HIT InformaticistsGreat discoveries can transfor.docxzenobiakeeney
Second-Generation HIT Informaticists
Great discoveries can transform the world. In 400 BC, Hippocrates theorized that the body was composed of four “humors”—blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile. Now think of the impact of the seminal work of William Harvey, who, in the 1600s, accurately described the circulation system and the role of the heart for the first time. It was not until the early 1900s that the Austrian biologist Karl Landsteiner identified four distinct blood groups. Today, knowledge about the nature and properties of blood is so complicated that the entire field of blood chemistry is devoted to its study.
This same type of expansion of knowledge within a scientific field is mirrored within the field of informatics. As new technologies develop, subsequent changes occur in the fiel that are, built upon the earlier work of others. In this Discussion, you examine the continuing evolution of the field of health informatics and assess how researchers built on the work of preceding scientists.
You will focus on the following individuals:
Joan Ash
Nancy Lorenzi
Ben Shneiderman
Diane Forsythe
Chuck Friedman
Sue Bakken
Patty Brennan
Diane Skiba
Danny Sands
Lucian Leape
To prepare:
Select and read at least one article from this week’s Learning Resources for at least five individuals listed above.
Consider how the work of each individual has built upon the work of earlier pioneers in the informatics field.
Assess the areas of growth in informatics research from the informatics pioneers you researched last week to the individuals you read about this week, and the ways in which health informatics has continued to evolve.
Select one individual from this week you found to be of particular interest, and read at least one additional article written by him or her from the list provided in the Learning Resources.
Conduct further research to determine recent contributions or additions to the individual’s research.
By Tomorrow 12/06/16, post a minimum of 550 words in APA format with a minimum of three references from the list provided below. Include the level one headings as numbered below:
1)
A brief summary of key contributions of the individual you selected.
2)
Explain which ideas/accomplishments you found to be most compelling, and why.
3)
Assess the evolution of the field of nursing informatics from the first group of pioneers (Week 1 Discussion) to the second generation of HIT nurse informaticists.
4)
Provide specific examples of how this evolution is evident in the field.
Required Readings
Joan Ash
Ash, J. S., Berg, M., & Coiera, E. (2004). Some unintended consequences of information technology in health care: The nature of patient care information system-related errors.
Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association
,
11
(2), 104–112.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
In this article, the authors highlight key areas where unintended consequences and errors are occurring as the result of health informatio.
Christina Sanchez week 1 Discussion 1 (scientific aticle) Coll.docxsleeperharwell
Christina Sanchez
week 1 Discussion 1 (scientific aticle)
Collapse
Top of Form
Total views: 13 (Your views: 3)
Does Hepatitis E Virus need to be Considered as a re-emerging problem in both industrialized and developing countries?
I came across an article wrhich was very interesting to me. The five authors - Zhang, Wu, Zhong, Xiao, and Dong observed that Hepatitis E (HEV) as a virus which is now considered by some scientists as an emerging issue as HEV is not only prevalent in developing countries but increasingly detected in industrialized nations (p. 275). I learned that this disease affects the liver and there are over 20 million cases resulting from HEV every year. To give a quick history about hepatitis E, in was in India, in 1978 when the first out break which hit the area and resulted in 52,000 cases and 1,700 deaths all due to water-borne HEV disease (Zhang et al. 2018). At first they did not know how or what this disease was that was killing and people become infected until a Russian scientist in 1983, by the name of Mikhail Balayan, took some stool samples and samples from autopies which had damaged livers and had been infected with this virus and studied it. His team then classified it as Hepatitis E (HEV). I learned from reading this article that there are currently eight known HEV genotypes (parts of the genetic makeup of a cell that determines the phenotype of a specific organism) (Zhang et al. 2018). Some genotypes can infect humans and some animals and some both.
What was most interesting in this article was it included the transmission, symptons, prevention, spreading, and awareness to the public about HEV. I think it is important to known especially for someone like me who wants to travel to other countries where different environments are not as santizied as the comfort we have here at home. Furthermore, HEV infection is high and shows a trend of increasing, which leads to the conclusion and proves there hypothesis that HEV is a re-emerging disease (Zhang et al. 2018).
To give a brief description about HEV, HEV can be transmitted through food consumption, blood transfusion, organ tranplants, pathogens in fecal particles from one person, uncooked foods, raw animal products, close contact with pigs and swine hunters (Zhang et al. 2018). Some of the symptons which many believe they have the cold or the flu are fever, vomiting, faintness. Some other characteristics of symptons can be jaundice, itching skin, pale stools, darkened urine, which lead to chronic HEV diseases. Prevention is mainly with a HEV vaccine, especially for paties who require blood or organ transplants. Lastly, awareness to the public about ways to protect oneself when encountering persons who may be infected, blood donation, eating handling raw foods, or animals, etc.
Dusica Zecevic
Week One Discussion
Collapse
Top of Form
Total views: 14 (Your views: 3)
The cave art was inspirational research topic for many scholars and scient.
Samples of formatted references for authors of journal articles.
Guía para citar las referencias bibliográficas en revistas médicas, según el Comité Internacional de Editores en Publicaciones Médicas (ICMJE).
SOC 2600 The Art & Craft of Sociological Writing FIRST DRAFT OF.docxwhitneyleman54422
SOC 2600: The Art & Craft of Sociological Writing
FIRST DRAFT OF COURSE PAPER
For your first draft of your SOC 2600 course paper, please include:
Your thesis statement
(Can be part of the Introduction [see below])
Usually a single sentence at/near the beginning of your paper (most often, at the end of the first paragraph) that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation.
•
Introduction
What your topic is, why it is important, and how you plan to proceed with your discussion. Your introduction should contain a thesis statement (see above) that will assert your main argument. It should also, ideally, give the reader a sense of the kinds of information you will use to make that argument and the general organization of the paragraphs and pages that will follow.
•
Preliminary literature review
O A summary of the sources; usually with an organizational pattern that combines both summary and synthesis. A summary is a recap of the important information of the source, but a synthesis is a reorganization, or a reshuffling, of that information. What theory or theories you are using to back up your literature review
Statements of how and why particular facts about the social world are related
•
Preliminary discussion/conclusion
The conclusion allows you to have the final say on the issues you have raised in your paper, to synthesize your thoughts, to demonstrate the importance of your ideas, and to propel your reader to a new view ofthe subject. It is also your opportunity to make a good final impression and to end on a positive note.
•
References page/bibliography
oYour sources regarding literature, theories, etc
Running Head: MEDICAL ERRORS
MEDICAL ERRORS 2
SOC 2600 RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Medical Errors
COMMENTS FROM PROFESSOR ABOUT MY PROPOSAL: I have no concerns about you finding enough material. Just remember to make it as sociological as possible (how do medical errors affect us as a population; and how do we affect medical errors?).
Medical Errors
Background and Significance
Medical errors are currently the third leading cause of deaths in the United States, with over 250,000 deaths annually. According to the CDC records, medical errors rank behind cancer and heart disease, where each claims over 600,000 deaths annually. Respiratory diseases come in forth, causing about 150,000 deaths annually. The high death rates caused by medical errors confirm an argument that healthcare in the country is not as safe as it is supposed to be. Medical errors result when planned actions fail to deliver the expected outcomes, or when a wrong plan is implemented to achieve particular objective. Improper transfusions, unfavorable drug effects, wrong-site surgeries, surgical errors, burns, mistaken patient identities, suicides, and restraint-related injuries, are among many problems that may occur in healt.
Citations—often termed as intellectual transactions, acknowledgment of intellectual debts, and conceptual association—are a link between the author’s current study and already published work. It not only provides credibility to the author’s work but also helps funders evaluate the impact of the research study. Citation indexes are maintained for information retrieval of both cited and citing work, facilitating the literature search process. It also helps authors in identifying the number of citations that their papers have received. Citation data is considered as a legitimate measure to rank authors, journals, and publishers. Through this webinar, we aim to provide information about citation indexing and how authors and publishers can get indexed in established citation databases.
Stat 1040, Recitation packet 11. A 1999 study claimed that.docxdessiechisomjj4
Stat 1040, Recitation packet 1
1. A 1999 study claimed that
Infants who sleep at night in a bedroom with a light on may be at higher risk for myopia (nearsight-
edness) later in childhood.
The researchers surveyed parents of 479 children aged 2 to 16 seen in the ophthalmology outpatient
department of a children’s hospital. A questionnaire asked about the child’s nighttime light exposure
at the time of the survey and before age two. They noticed a positive association between myopia
and nighttime light exposure.
(a) Explain how you know that this is an observational study.
(b) Explain why this is not strong evidence that sleeping with a light on causes myopia by suggesting
a possible confounding factor and explaining clearly how this confounding factor could account
for the association they observed.
2. The following paragraph appears on the website www.alternative-medicine-and-health.com
Elmer Cranton, M.D., in his book, “Bypassing Bypass”, indicates that a ten year, 24
million dollar study conducted by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, which
screened 16,000 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass at eleven leading medical
centers, revealed no increase in post-surgical survival rates as compared with a matched
group of non-surgically treated patients.
You may assume that the “matched group” was selected to resemble the original 16,000 with respect
to age, sex and type of heart disease.
(a) Based on what you read in the paragraph, was the study randomized? Explain clearly.
(b) Was the study blind? Explain clearly.
(c) Explain the major problem with a study such as this one, and why it would probably not give
very reliable results.
3. A recent study in Europe looked at a large group of women of childbearing age. The researchers asked
each woman how much alcohol they had consumed over the past 12 months. The researchers found
that women who drank moderate amounts of alcohol were somewhat less likely to have infertility than
women who did not (November, 2001). The study said it “controlled for age, income and religion”.
(a) Based on the information above, was this a controlled experiment or an observational study?
(b) Why did they “control for” age, income and religion?
(c) Is this convincing evidence that infertility would decrease if women with infertility started to
drink moderate amounts of alcohol? (Note: we are only asking about infertility. There may be
other problems introduced by such behavior, but ignore these for answering this question).
(d) Suggest a possible confounding factor (other than age, income, or religion) and clearly explain
why you think it might be a confounding factor.
4. A randomized, controlled, double-blind study published in March, 2008 shows the well-known “placebo
effect” works even better if the placebo costs more. In the study, volunteers were given an electric
shock and took a pill. Volunteers in the treatment group were told it was an expensive painkiller,
while those in the c.
Second-Generation HIT InformaticistsGreat discoveries can transfor.docxzenobiakeeney
Second-Generation HIT Informaticists
Great discoveries can transform the world. In 400 BC, Hippocrates theorized that the body was composed of four “humors”—blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile. Now think of the impact of the seminal work of William Harvey, who, in the 1600s, accurately described the circulation system and the role of the heart for the first time. It was not until the early 1900s that the Austrian biologist Karl Landsteiner identified four distinct blood groups. Today, knowledge about the nature and properties of blood is so complicated that the entire field of blood chemistry is devoted to its study.
This same type of expansion of knowledge within a scientific field is mirrored within the field of informatics. As new technologies develop, subsequent changes occur in the fiel that are, built upon the earlier work of others. In this Discussion, you examine the continuing evolution of the field of health informatics and assess how researchers built on the work of preceding scientists.
You will focus on the following individuals:
Joan Ash
Nancy Lorenzi
Ben Shneiderman
Diane Forsythe
Chuck Friedman
Sue Bakken
Patty Brennan
Diane Skiba
Danny Sands
Lucian Leape
To prepare:
Select and read at least one article from this week’s Learning Resources for at least five individuals listed above.
Consider how the work of each individual has built upon the work of earlier pioneers in the informatics field.
Assess the areas of growth in informatics research from the informatics pioneers you researched last week to the individuals you read about this week, and the ways in which health informatics has continued to evolve.
Select one individual from this week you found to be of particular interest, and read at least one additional article written by him or her from the list provided in the Learning Resources.
Conduct further research to determine recent contributions or additions to the individual’s research.
By Tomorrow 12/06/16, post a minimum of 550 words in APA format with a minimum of three references from the list provided below. Include the level one headings as numbered below:
1)
A brief summary of key contributions of the individual you selected.
2)
Explain which ideas/accomplishments you found to be most compelling, and why.
3)
Assess the evolution of the field of nursing informatics from the first group of pioneers (Week 1 Discussion) to the second generation of HIT nurse informaticists.
4)
Provide specific examples of how this evolution is evident in the field.
Required Readings
Joan Ash
Ash, J. S., Berg, M., & Coiera, E. (2004). Some unintended consequences of information technology in health care: The nature of patient care information system-related errors.
Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association
,
11
(2), 104–112.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
In this article, the authors highlight key areas where unintended consequences and errors are occurring as the result of health informatio.
Christina Sanchez week 1 Discussion 1 (scientific aticle) Coll.docxsleeperharwell
Christina Sanchez
week 1 Discussion 1 (scientific aticle)
Collapse
Top of Form
Total views: 13 (Your views: 3)
Does Hepatitis E Virus need to be Considered as a re-emerging problem in both industrialized and developing countries?
I came across an article wrhich was very interesting to me. The five authors - Zhang, Wu, Zhong, Xiao, and Dong observed that Hepatitis E (HEV) as a virus which is now considered by some scientists as an emerging issue as HEV is not only prevalent in developing countries but increasingly detected in industrialized nations (p. 275). I learned that this disease affects the liver and there are over 20 million cases resulting from HEV every year. To give a quick history about hepatitis E, in was in India, in 1978 when the first out break which hit the area and resulted in 52,000 cases and 1,700 deaths all due to water-borne HEV disease (Zhang et al. 2018). At first they did not know how or what this disease was that was killing and people become infected until a Russian scientist in 1983, by the name of Mikhail Balayan, took some stool samples and samples from autopies which had damaged livers and had been infected with this virus and studied it. His team then classified it as Hepatitis E (HEV). I learned from reading this article that there are currently eight known HEV genotypes (parts of the genetic makeup of a cell that determines the phenotype of a specific organism) (Zhang et al. 2018). Some genotypes can infect humans and some animals and some both.
What was most interesting in this article was it included the transmission, symptons, prevention, spreading, and awareness to the public about HEV. I think it is important to known especially for someone like me who wants to travel to other countries where different environments are not as santizied as the comfort we have here at home. Furthermore, HEV infection is high and shows a trend of increasing, which leads to the conclusion and proves there hypothesis that HEV is a re-emerging disease (Zhang et al. 2018).
To give a brief description about HEV, HEV can be transmitted through food consumption, blood transfusion, organ tranplants, pathogens in fecal particles from one person, uncooked foods, raw animal products, close contact with pigs and swine hunters (Zhang et al. 2018). Some of the symptons which many believe they have the cold or the flu are fever, vomiting, faintness. Some other characteristics of symptons can be jaundice, itching skin, pale stools, darkened urine, which lead to chronic HEV diseases. Prevention is mainly with a HEV vaccine, especially for paties who require blood or organ transplants. Lastly, awareness to the public about ways to protect oneself when encountering persons who may be infected, blood donation, eating handling raw foods, or animals, etc.
Dusica Zecevic
Week One Discussion
Collapse
Top of Form
Total views: 14 (Your views: 3)
The cave art was inspirational research topic for many scholars and scient.
Samples of formatted references for authors of journal articles.
Guía para citar las referencias bibliográficas en revistas médicas, según el Comité Internacional de Editores en Publicaciones Médicas (ICMJE).
SOC 2600 The Art & Craft of Sociological Writing FIRST DRAFT OF.docxwhitneyleman54422
SOC 2600: The Art & Craft of Sociological Writing
FIRST DRAFT OF COURSE PAPER
For your first draft of your SOC 2600 course paper, please include:
Your thesis statement
(Can be part of the Introduction [see below])
Usually a single sentence at/near the beginning of your paper (most often, at the end of the first paragraph) that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation.
•
Introduction
What your topic is, why it is important, and how you plan to proceed with your discussion. Your introduction should contain a thesis statement (see above) that will assert your main argument. It should also, ideally, give the reader a sense of the kinds of information you will use to make that argument and the general organization of the paragraphs and pages that will follow.
•
Preliminary literature review
O A summary of the sources; usually with an organizational pattern that combines both summary and synthesis. A summary is a recap of the important information of the source, but a synthesis is a reorganization, or a reshuffling, of that information. What theory or theories you are using to back up your literature review
Statements of how and why particular facts about the social world are related
•
Preliminary discussion/conclusion
The conclusion allows you to have the final say on the issues you have raised in your paper, to synthesize your thoughts, to demonstrate the importance of your ideas, and to propel your reader to a new view ofthe subject. It is also your opportunity to make a good final impression and to end on a positive note.
•
References page/bibliography
oYour sources regarding literature, theories, etc
Running Head: MEDICAL ERRORS
MEDICAL ERRORS 2
SOC 2600 RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Medical Errors
COMMENTS FROM PROFESSOR ABOUT MY PROPOSAL: I have no concerns about you finding enough material. Just remember to make it as sociological as possible (how do medical errors affect us as a population; and how do we affect medical errors?).
Medical Errors
Background and Significance
Medical errors are currently the third leading cause of deaths in the United States, with over 250,000 deaths annually. According to the CDC records, medical errors rank behind cancer and heart disease, where each claims over 600,000 deaths annually. Respiratory diseases come in forth, causing about 150,000 deaths annually. The high death rates caused by medical errors confirm an argument that healthcare in the country is not as safe as it is supposed to be. Medical errors result when planned actions fail to deliver the expected outcomes, or when a wrong plan is implemented to achieve particular objective. Improper transfusions, unfavorable drug effects, wrong-site surgeries, surgical errors, burns, mistaken patient identities, suicides, and restraint-related injuries, are among many problems that may occur in healt.
Citations—often termed as intellectual transactions, acknowledgment of intellectual debts, and conceptual association—are a link between the author’s current study and already published work. It not only provides credibility to the author’s work but also helps funders evaluate the impact of the research study. Citation indexes are maintained for information retrieval of both cited and citing work, facilitating the literature search process. It also helps authors in identifying the number of citations that their papers have received. Citation data is considered as a legitimate measure to rank authors, journals, and publishers. Through this webinar, we aim to provide information about citation indexing and how authors and publishers can get indexed in established citation databases.
Stat 1040, Recitation packet 11. A 1999 study claimed that.docxdessiechisomjj4
Stat 1040, Recitation packet 1
1. A 1999 study claimed that
Infants who sleep at night in a bedroom with a light on may be at higher risk for myopia (nearsight-
edness) later in childhood.
The researchers surveyed parents of 479 children aged 2 to 16 seen in the ophthalmology outpatient
department of a children’s hospital. A questionnaire asked about the child’s nighttime light exposure
at the time of the survey and before age two. They noticed a positive association between myopia
and nighttime light exposure.
(a) Explain how you know that this is an observational study.
(b) Explain why this is not strong evidence that sleeping with a light on causes myopia by suggesting
a possible confounding factor and explaining clearly how this confounding factor could account
for the association they observed.
2. The following paragraph appears on the website www.alternative-medicine-and-health.com
Elmer Cranton, M.D., in his book, “Bypassing Bypass”, indicates that a ten year, 24
million dollar study conducted by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, which
screened 16,000 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass at eleven leading medical
centers, revealed no increase in post-surgical survival rates as compared with a matched
group of non-surgically treated patients.
You may assume that the “matched group” was selected to resemble the original 16,000 with respect
to age, sex and type of heart disease.
(a) Based on what you read in the paragraph, was the study randomized? Explain clearly.
(b) Was the study blind? Explain clearly.
(c) Explain the major problem with a study such as this one, and why it would probably not give
very reliable results.
3. A recent study in Europe looked at a large group of women of childbearing age. The researchers asked
each woman how much alcohol they had consumed over the past 12 months. The researchers found
that women who drank moderate amounts of alcohol were somewhat less likely to have infertility than
women who did not (November, 2001). The study said it “controlled for age, income and religion”.
(a) Based on the information above, was this a controlled experiment or an observational study?
(b) Why did they “control for” age, income and religion?
(c) Is this convincing evidence that infertility would decrease if women with infertility started to
drink moderate amounts of alcohol? (Note: we are only asking about infertility. There may be
other problems introduced by such behavior, but ignore these for answering this question).
(d) Suggest a possible confounding factor (other than age, income, or religion) and clearly explain
why you think it might be a confounding factor.
4. A randomized, controlled, double-blind study published in March, 2008 shows the well-known “placebo
effect” works even better if the placebo costs more. In the study, volunteers were given an electric
shock and took a pill. Volunteers in the treatment group were told it was an expensive painkiller,
while those in the c.
These slides are used to teach STEM undergraduates who are at West Virginia University in the summer to work in labs with nanoscience and nanotechnology researchers. The final project is a poster on their research
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
1. Forensic and Investigative Science 401:
Professional Forensic Communications
Linda Blake, Science Librarian
Linda.blake@mail.wvu.edu
(304) 476-5802
Research Guide:
http://libguides.wvu.edu/FIS401
Image from "What's Going On, 2009" by Willie Rodger;
Bridgeman Education, WVU Libraries
Information Literacy Sessions
Fall 2014
Rachel Mohr
2. What is a Citation?
A formatted description of a journal
article, book, web page, photograph, chart,
interview, video, or other work you use to
gain information for your writing. Also,
referred to as references.
3. What is a Citation?
Citation Examples (in CSE Style)
Electronic Journal article
Albanese J. 2003. A metric method for sex determination using the
hip bone and the femur. J Forensic Sci. 48(2):263–73.
Print Book
Spicer J. 2004. Making sense of multivariate data analysis: an
intuitive approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
4. Why Are Citations Important?
Correct citations serve two purposes:
They give credit to the person or organization from whom you
borrowed the ideas and information. Avoids plagiarism.
They allow your reader to identify and locate the original
sources.
5. Citations / References
Citations are presented in two ways in a
publication:
1. At the end of a work listing all of the references
that contributed to the work
Variously called End References, Reference List,
Bibliography, Works Cited
Example:
Benecke M, Josephi E, Zweihoff R. 2004. Neglect of the elderly: forensic
entomology cases and considerations. Forensic Sci Int. 146(Suppl):195–
199.
Braig HR, Perotti MA. 2009. Carcasses and mites. Exp Appl Acarol. 49(1–
2):45–84.
6. Citations / References
2. Within the text of a work / in text citation
An abbreviated format which refers to the End
References
Example in CSE Name-Year (N-Y):
“As examples, we cite the location of the real place where a
murder was committed (Hawley et al. 1989), the origin of a
consignment of drugs (Crosby et al. 1985) and diagnosis of
abuse and neglect of the elderly (Benecke et al. 2004).”
From:
González MA, González HL, Perotti MA, Jiménez RG. 2013. Occurrence of Poecilochirus
austroasiaticus (Acari: Parasitidae) in forensic autopsies and its application on postmortem
interval estimation. Exp Appl Acarol. 59(3):297-305.
7. Parts of a Citation
Journal Title
Authors
Article Title
DOI
Publication Details
8. Parts Become a Whole (CSE Style)
Council of Science Editors (CSE) Name-Year (NY) Style
Saloña MI, Moraza ML, Carles‐Tolrá M, Iraola V, Bahillo P,
Yélamos T, Outerelo R, Alcaraz R. 2010. Searching the soil:
forensic importance of edaphic fauna after the removal of a
corpse. J Forensic Sci. 55(6):1652-1655.
CSE Research Guide http://libguides.wvu.edu/csestyle
10. Is This Citing a Book or a Journal?
Romero DH, Stelmach GE. 2001. Motor function in
neurodegenerative disease and aging. In: Boller F, Capa SF,
editors. Handbook of neuropsychology. Amsterdam: Elsevier
Science. p.163-191.
Book Chapter
11. Which Is the Correct Way to Cite?
Several indicators have been used
to disclose the extent,
development and severity of
drugs-of-abuse problems in a
country (European Monitoring
Centre for Drug Addiction 2008).
These include criminality
associated with drugs, the amount
of confiscated drugs, morbidity of
infectious diseases as a
consequence of intravenous drug
abuse, number of injection drug
users, and the number of abusers
in treatment. (European
Monitoring Centre for Drug
Addiction 2008).
Several indicators have been used
to disclose the extent,
development and severity of
drugs-of-abuse problems in a
country (European Monitoring
Centre for Drug Addiction 2008).
These include criminality
associated with drugs, the amount
of confiscated drugs, morbidity of
infectious diseases as a
consequence of intravenous drug
abuse, number of injection drug
users, and the number of abusers
in treatment.
1. 2.
From:
Simonsen KW, Normann PT, Ceder G, Vuori E, Thordardottir S, Thelander G, Hansen AC,
Teige B, Rollmann D. 2011. Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2007.
Forensic Sci Int. 207(1-3):170 – 176.
12. What About Paraphrasing?
Original passage:
Some of the most useful types of pollen and spores for
forensics are the wind-pollinated types. This group
includes the spore-producing plants such as ferns and
mosses, the fungi, and a wide range of pollen types
produced by the gymnosperms (nonflowering seed-bearing
plants such as pines, cedars, and spruce), and a
significant number of angiosperms (flowering seed-bearing
plants such as aspen, elms, and oaks).
Paraphrased passage:
Wind-pollinated plants produce some of the most useful
pollen and spores for forensic scientists. These include:
ferns and mosses, fungi, gymnosperms, and
angiosperms.
Original PaFrom:
Bryant VM. Pollen and spore evidence in forensics. 2009. In: Jamieson A,
Moenssens AA, editors. Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science. Chichester,
England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. p. 3.
Which of the following is
true for the paraphrased
passage?
A. A citation is not
needed because the
original source is from
an online book, not a
print book or a journal
article.
B. It is word-for-word
plagiarism.
C. Nothing is wrong
with the paraphrase
except it lacks a citation.
D. The paraphrase
should include more
13. Which Citation is Correct?
Which in-text citation (N-Y) is correct?
1. Worsham and Jenkins (Worsham and Jenkins 1980) prepared an
infra-red responsive fingerprint composition based on aluminium
powder.
2. Worsham and Jenkins (1980) prepared an infra-red responsive
fingerprint composition based on aluminium powder.
3. Worsham and Jenkins prepared an infra-red responsive fingerprint
composition based on aluminium powder (Worsham and Jenkins
1980).
Citation from the References list:
Worsham R, Jenkins KL. 1980 Oct. 7. Infra-red responsive finger-print
composition. United States US 4,226,740.