This document describes an RTOS based security system using multiple authentication methods like fingerprint, RFID, and password. It uses two ARM boards - one with the authentication modules and another with sensors. If the person is authorized after authentication, the second board and sensors are disabled via SPI communication. It aims to provide secure access to confidential areas using technologies like RFID, fingerprint, keyboard, and sensors for humidity, motion, weight. The system is programmed using the uCOS-II RTOS on the LPC1768 microcontroller and communication between boards occurs through SPI.

1. RTOS based Confidential Area Security System
Designed and Developed By:
Ajinky Gadewar
Pardeep Dhiman
Tejal Hagawane
Shaikh Mohammed Zaid
Under Guidance:
Prof. Bhavik Thakker

2. Topics To Be Covered:
• Introduction
• Objective
• Features
• Block Diagram
• Algorithm
• Flowchart
• Hardware:
• LPC-1768
• RFID(tags)
• Keyboard(P/S2)
• Biometric Sensor(Fingerprint)
• Humidity, PIR, Weight Sensors
• DC Motor Driver(L293D)
• Software:
• RTOS(µcos-II)
• Keil
• Communication(SPI)
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Applications
• Future Scope
• Conclusion

3. Introduction:
• Robbery has become common in our day to day life.
• Countering it, security systems with CCD cameras are commercially available.
• In most of the places, remote surveillance is needed.
• Sometimes, if the network is busy, the video is not smart security system, which can transmit video
with lesser bandwidth consumption, latency and jitter.
• For any smart security system, the element that ensure perfect security is the access granting system.
• We propose a novel which consist of various security level gadgets.
• Finger print ,RFID and password and also consist of sensors like load and humidity sensors etc.
• The proposed system uses RTOS (µcos II) programming with the two ARM boards which
communicate using SPI bus.
• First ARM board consist of three entry level security gadget viz. finger print, RFID and password
using keyboard whereas the second board consist of sensors.
• If the authorized person's all password, finger print and RFID tag no. matches the second board is
disabled by means of communication through SPI bus.
•and if not the second board is enabled and also the sensors connected to it are enabled.

4. Objectives:
•To provide security to confidential areas.
•To protect the area from illegal access.
•To improve security.
•To reduce the threat of data being hacked by using security modules.

5. Block Diagram

6. Flow Chart

7. Features: ARM Cortex M3(LPC-1768)
• Low-gate count with advanced features
• ARMv7-M: A Thumb-2 ISA subset, consisting of all base Thumb-2 instructions.
• Hardware divide instructions, SDIV and UDIV (Thumb-2 instructions)
• Handler and Thread modes
• Thumb and Debug states.
• Interruptible-continued LDM/STM, PUSH/POP for low interrupt latency.
• Automatic processor state saving and restoration for low latency Interrupt Service
Routine (ISR) entry and exit.
• ARM architecture v6 style BE8/LE support.
• ARMv6 unaligned accesses.
• Optional Memory Protection Unit (MPU).

8. Features: ARM Cortex M3(LPC-1768)
• Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC) integrated with the processor for low
latency
• Configurable number, 1 to 240, of external interrupts
• Configurable number, 3 to 8 bits of priority.
• Dynamic prioritization of interrupts.
• Priority grouping. This allows selection of pre-empting interrupt levels and non
pre-empting interrupt levels
• Support for tail-chaining & late arriving, this enables back-to-back interrupt
processing without the overhead of state saving and restoration between interrupts
• Processor state automatically saved on interrupt entry, and restored on interrupt
exit, with no instruction overhead.

9. Features: ARM Cortex M3(LPC-1768)
• Debug System:
• The Cortex-M3 processor includes a number of fixed internal debugging components. These
components provide debugging operation supports and features such as breakpoints and watch
points.
• The Bus Interface:
• Advanced High-performance Bus-Lite (AHB-Lite) ICode, DCode and System bus interfaces.
• Code memory buses(I-Code D-Code)
• System bus used to access (SRAM)memory and peripherals
• Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB) and Private Peripheral Bus (PPB) Interface.
• Private peripheral bus provides access to a part of the system-level memory dedicated to
private peripherals such as debugging components
• Bit band support that includes atomic bit band write and read operations.
• Memory Protection Unit, or MPU(optional):
• This unit allows access rules to be set up for privileged access and user program access
• Up to Eight memory regions can be configured.

10. RTOS (µCOS-II )
• Portable
• Maximum portable ANSI C, minimum microprocessor-specific assembly.
• ROMable
• Designed for Embedded Applications, and with the proper tool chain, it can be
embedded to any part of the product
• Scalable
• Can be scaled to target various target applications based on the services required
by that application
• Pre-emptive
• µCOS-II is a fully pre-emptive real-time kernel.

11. RTOS Contd.
• Multitasking
• Tasks with the highest rate of execution are given the highest priority using rate-monotonic
scheduling
• µCOS-II can manage up to 64 or 256 tasks
• µC/OS-III allows an unlimited number of application tasks at each one of an unlimited number
of priority levels, constrained only by a processor’s access to memory
• Deterministic (time)
• Execution time of most µCOS-II functions and services are deterministic
• Deterministic (space)
• Each task requires its own different stack size
• Services
• Mailboxes, Queues, Semaphores, fixed-sized memory partitions, time-related functions

12. RTOS Contd.
• Interrupt Management
• Interrupts can cause higher priority tasks to be ready can contend for the CPU.
Interrupts can be nested 255 levels deep
• Robust and Reliable
• Has been developed and deployed on hundreds of commercial applications
since 1992
• Task Stacks
•Each task requires its own stack. Micro C/OS-II however allows tasks to
maintain variable sized stacks. This allows applications the flexibility of making
an efficient use of the available RAM

13. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
• An Automatic Data Collection that uses radio-frequency waves to transfer
data between a reader and a movable item to identify, categorize, track.
• Is fast and does not require physical sight or contact between
reader/scanner and the tagged item.
• Performs the operation using low cost components.
• Attempts to provide unique identification and backend integration that
allows for wide range of applications.
• No line of sight requirement.
• No physical contact between data carrier and communication device.
• Very robust tags that can stand extreme conditions and temperatures.
• Read only tag is 100% secure & can not be changed /duplicated .

14. • Long read range.
• Multiple tag Read/Write .
• Tags can be used repeatedly.
• Human errors can be avoided and extremely low error rate .
• Tracking people, items, equipments in real-time
 Classification:
• Range : Near Field Communication(NFC)
Far Field Communication(FFC)
• Frequency : LF, HF,UHF
• Operation :
o Passive
o Semi-Passive
o Active

15. PS/2 Keyboard
• IBM PS/2 Keyboard (1987) - Compatible with AT systems.
• 84 - 101 keys.
• 6-pin mini-DIN connector.
• Bi-direction serial protocol.
• Offers optional scan code set 3.
• 17 host-to-keyboard commands.

16. Biometric Sensor(Fingerprint)
• Integrated image collecting and algorithm chip together.
All-in-one.
• Fingerprint reader can conduct secondary development.
• can be embedded into a variety of end products.
• Low power consumption.
• low cost .
• small size.
• excellent performance
• Professional optical technology.
• precise module manufacturing techniques.
• Good image processing capabilities.
• can successfully capture image up to resolution 500 dpi

17. Humidity Sensor
• Humidity sensor works on the principle of relative humidity and gives
the output in the form of voltage.
• This analog voltage provides the information about the percentage
relative humidity present in the environment.
• A miniature sensor consisting of a RH sensitive material deposited on
a ceramic substrate.
• The AC resistance (impedance) of the sensor decreases as relative
humidity increases.

18. PIR Sensor
• A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an
electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light
radiating from objects in its field of view.
• All objects with a temperature above absolute
zero emit heat energy in the form of radiation.
• Usually this radiation is invisible to the human
eye because it radiates at infrared wavelengths.
• For detection of these wavelengths PIR sensor is
used.
• The plastic window covering may have multiple
facets moulded into it, to focus the infrared energy
onto the sensor. Each individual facet is a Fresnel
lens.
PIR Sensor without
lens
PIR Sensor with
lens

19. Weight Sensor
• A load cell is a sensor or a transducer that converts a load or
force acting on it into an electronic signal.
• This electronic signal can be a voltage change, current
change or frequency change depending on the type of load
cell and circuitry used.
• There are many different kinds of load cells.
• Two types of load cells resistive load cells and capacitive
load cells.
• Resistive load cells work on the principle of piezo-
resistivity.
• When a load/force/stress is applied to the sensor, it changes
its resistance. This change in resistance leads to a change in
output voltage when a input voltage is applied.

20. DC Motor Driver(L293D):
• It works on the concept of H-bridge.
• In a single l293d IC there two h-Bridge circuit inside the it which can rotate two
dc motor independently.
• There are two Enable pins on l293d. Pin 1 and pin 9, for being able to drive the
motor, the pin 1 and 9 need to be high.
• For driving the motor with left H-bridge you need to enable pin 1 to high. And
for right H-Bridge you need to make the pin 9 to high.
• If anyone of the either pin1 or pin9 goes low then the motor in the corresponding
section will suspend working. It’s like a switch.

21. Keil
• The Keil Development Tools are designed for the professional software
developer, however programmers of all levels can use them to get the most out of
the embedded microcontroller architectures that are supported.
• Tools developed by Keil endorse the most popular microcontrollers and are
distributed in several packages and configurations, dependent on the architecture.
• MDK-ARM: Microcontroller Development Kit, for several ARM7, ARM9,
and Cortex-Mx based devices.
• PK166: Keil Professional Developer’s Kit, for C166, XE166, and XC2000
devices.

22. • DK251: Keil 251 Development Tools, for 251 devices.
• PK51: Keil 8051 Development Tools, for Classic & Extended 8051 devices
• In addition to the software packages, Keil offers a variety of evaluation boards,
USB-JTAG adapters, emulators, and third-party tools, which completes the range
of products.
• In addition to the software packages, Keil offers a variety of evaluation boards,
USB-JTAG adapters, emulators, and third-party tools, which completes the range
of products.
• Keil provides you with the best embedded development tools, documentation, and
support.

23. Communication (SPI)
• The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus is a synchronous serial
communication interface specification used for short distance communication,
primarily in embedded systems.
• SPI devices communicate in full duplex mode using a master-slave architecture with
a single master.
• The master device originates the frame for reading and writing.
• Multiple slave devices are supported through selection with individual slave
select (SS) lines.
MOSI-Master output Slave input
MISO-Master input Slave output
Clock-Clock Pulses
Chip select- Selects Master/Slave

24. • Data is shifted out of the master's MOSI pin and in it's MISO pin
• Data transfer is initiated by simply writing data to the SPI data register.
• All data movement is coordinated by SCK.
• Slave select may or may not be used depending on interfacing device.
• To get input data only you send “junk” data to SPDR to start the clock.
• master SPI device slave SPI device

25. • SPI interface defines only the communication lines and the clock edge
• There is no specified flow control! No acknowledgement mechanism to
confirm receipt of data.
• Hardware realization is usually done with a simple shift register.
• SPI is faster, but gets complicated when there is more than one slave
involved.
• Simple hardware interfacing.
• Transceivers are not needed.
• At most one "unique" bus signal per device (CS); all others are shared.

26. Advantages
• Increase security - Provide a convenient and low-cost additional tier of security.
• Reduce fraud by employing hard-to-forge technologies and materials.
For e.g. Minimise the opportunity for ID fraud.
• Reduce password administration costs.
• Make it possible, automatically, to know WHO did WHAT, WHERE and WHEN??
• Unequivocally link an individual to a transaction or event.
• Module wise access - without verifying all security modules u can’t unlock the door.
• Alarm System – Any unauthorized access will cause an alarm which alert the
observers.
• Better than CCTV.