This document describes a wireless communication system to remotely monitor and control equipment using a GSM network. It consists of a transmitter and receiver connected by a GSM modem. The transmitter is a mobile phone that sends SMS codes to control relays and devices. The receiver includes a microcontroller, GSM modem, relays, and devices. It receives SMS codes and uses the microcontroller to operate the relays and control devices like fans and lamps. The system allows remote monitoring and control of devices from anywhere through simple SMS commands. It has applications in home, office, and industrial automation.
The objective of this project is to design and develop a wireless communication link to monitor our organizations that require high security like Banks , Offices etc.
CLOUD BASED NETWORK MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL FOR BUILDING AUTOMATIONAdeel Ahmed
A Complete Home Automation Solution
With the usage of Cloud, Technology users can access devices with any Available Network.
Freedom to Control Appliances with a Smart Phone, chrome extension, 3G, or even 4G.
Freedom to control the Intensity of appliances.
The active feedback system displays energy usage and costs in real-time.
The objective of this project is to design and develop a wireless communication link to monitor our organizations that require high security like Banks , Offices etc.
CLOUD BASED NETWORK MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL FOR BUILDING AUTOMATIONAdeel Ahmed
A Complete Home Automation Solution
With the usage of Cloud, Technology users can access devices with any Available Network.
Freedom to Control Appliances with a Smart Phone, chrome extension, 3G, or even 4G.
Freedom to control the Intensity of appliances.
The active feedback system displays energy usage and costs in real-time.
gui based device controller using matlab Major presentationPalak Sinha
major presentation on graphical user interface developing in matlab to control the device control like arduino output , for extending it to home automation etc.
Ls catalog thiet bi tu dong master rtu e_dienhathe.vnDien Ha The
Khoa Học - Kỹ Thuật & Giải Trí: http://phongvan.org
Tài Liệu Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật: http://tailieukythuat.info
Thiết bị Điện Công Nghiệp - Điện Hạ Thế: http://dienhathe.org
Industrial monitoring and control systems using andriod applicationAvinash Vemula
Automation takes the complete control of total plants few authentication and manual actions are needed from user side for completing action .Hence there is a must situation for users presence at all times in the control for taking some timely needed control actions. The proposed system provides a good solution to this problem. The whole control room environment is additionally implemented in the arm-android platform and the same is communicated to the process through Bluetooth. Now the user in control can use mobile at anytime, anywhere to monitor and control the whole plant.8051 is used here for acquiring process control parameters from the sensors like temperature, gas etc and transmitting it via a Bluetooth module to an android device. Hence the parameter values can be monitored and stored simultaneously.
At Softroniics we provide job oriented training for freshers in IT sector. We are Pioneers in all leading technologies like Android, Java, .NET, PHP, Python, Embedded Systems, Matlab, NS2, VLSI etc. We are specializiling in technologies like Big Data, Cloud Computing, Internet Of Things (iOT), Data Mining, Networking, Information Security, Image Processing, Mechanical, Automobile automation and many other. We are providing long term and short term internship also.
We are providing short term in industrial training, internship and inplant training for Btech/Bsc/MCA/MTech students. Attached is the list of Topics for Mechanical, Automobile and Mechatronics areas.
MD MANIKANDAN-9037291113,04954021113
softroniics@gmail.com
www.softroniics.com
RTOS based Confidential Area Security Systemajinky gadewar
Project is about to provide security system for confidential area security system.
It uses ARM LPC-1768 as microcontroller and Micro-Controller Operating System as a RTOS. Project consists of identity module as RFID, Fingerprint Scan and numbered password. It also uses different sensors.
This is to design a circuit such that one can control home or industrial appliance using the help of remote. This circuit can be used to any of your home appliances (lamp, fan, radio, etc.) to make the appliance turn on/off from a TV remote control.
Using remote to control appliances reduces human efforts without compromising on efficiency. It also saves time. Infrared (IR) light is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength longer than that of visible light, measured from the nominal edge of visible red light at 0.7 μm and extending conventionally to 300 μm,. These radiations with a frequency below our eyes sensitivity cannot be seen, but can only be felt by our skin temperature sensors. Infrared is interesting, because it is easily generated and doesn't suffer electromagnetic interference and so it is widely used in communication and control circuits. The adventure of using lots of infrared in TV remote controls helped engineers to work on innovative projects like controlling home appliances using TV remotes etc. Receiver in the circuit receives pulsed IR rays from the remote and decoded signal is thus received by relay driver whose output activates the corresponding home appliance. According to this, it makes sense that the logical direction about managing home appliances (HASs) in the near future is going to be by means of a remote control. But wireless technologies in domestics should be implemented carefully.
Gesture based Home automation ,a Final year Engineering projectAswin Dev
The project proposes to show the benefits of a smart house . Details about the technical substructure and application of the designed home automation system through Gesture Recognition are described. This project presents the extension of existing vision based gesture recognition system using an algorithm that combines the classical and novel approach for gesture recognition. Under future work, several improvements and support structures may be implemented in order to increase the capabilities and the functionality of the system
Our project “GSM based Garbage Disposal” is mainly intended to control the ON/OFF operations of the irrigation motor by using a mobile phone. The mobile phone present in the system uses auto answer function to lift the call. Each key in the mobile phone transmits two tones with different frequencies when pressed. These transmitted frequencies are decoded using DTMF decoder and the decoded value is fed as input to micro controller which in turn operates switches like Relay and Triac to which the irrigation motor is connected. The input value to the micro controller will be checked and respective operation of that key will be performed like switching ON/OFF the irrigation motor. The system also gives feed back through buzzer alarm system.
Voice recognition based home automation system for paralyzed peoplelal ahmed shaik
Automation is a trending topic in 21st century making an important role in our daily lives. Automation reduces the human labor, time, effort and some human errors. The key objective of our project is to design a system for physically handicapped persons to control and operate home appliances and their own wheel chair by their own voice. Both these qualities are present in our project which has the capability to replace existing technologies. the design of the low cost voice recognition based home automation system for the physically challenged people suffering from quadriplegia or paraplegia (who cannot move their limbs but can speak and listen) to control the various home appliances just by his/her voice commands according to their need and comfort. We also implemented a messaging concept. In this whenever the patient or the person needs a help, if he/she pronounce as help a message will be sent to their respective represented family member. The resultant system can provide a great assistance to the physically handicapped people without any need of third person.
gui based device controller using matlab Major presentationPalak Sinha
major presentation on graphical user interface developing in matlab to control the device control like arduino output , for extending it to home automation etc.
Ls catalog thiet bi tu dong master rtu e_dienhathe.vnDien Ha The
Khoa Học - Kỹ Thuật & Giải Trí: http://phongvan.org
Tài Liệu Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật: http://tailieukythuat.info
Thiết bị Điện Công Nghiệp - Điện Hạ Thế: http://dienhathe.org
Industrial monitoring and control systems using andriod applicationAvinash Vemula
Automation takes the complete control of total plants few authentication and manual actions are needed from user side for completing action .Hence there is a must situation for users presence at all times in the control for taking some timely needed control actions. The proposed system provides a good solution to this problem. The whole control room environment is additionally implemented in the arm-android platform and the same is communicated to the process through Bluetooth. Now the user in control can use mobile at anytime, anywhere to monitor and control the whole plant.8051 is used here for acquiring process control parameters from the sensors like temperature, gas etc and transmitting it via a Bluetooth module to an android device. Hence the parameter values can be monitored and stored simultaneously.
At Softroniics we provide job oriented training for freshers in IT sector. We are Pioneers in all leading technologies like Android, Java, .NET, PHP, Python, Embedded Systems, Matlab, NS2, VLSI etc. We are specializiling in technologies like Big Data, Cloud Computing, Internet Of Things (iOT), Data Mining, Networking, Information Security, Image Processing, Mechanical, Automobile automation and many other. We are providing long term and short term internship also.
We are providing short term in industrial training, internship and inplant training for Btech/Bsc/MCA/MTech students. Attached is the list of Topics for Mechanical, Automobile and Mechatronics areas.
MD MANIKANDAN-9037291113,04954021113
softroniics@gmail.com
www.softroniics.com
RTOS based Confidential Area Security Systemajinky gadewar
Project is about to provide security system for confidential area security system.
It uses ARM LPC-1768 as microcontroller and Micro-Controller Operating System as a RTOS. Project consists of identity module as RFID, Fingerprint Scan and numbered password. It also uses different sensors.
This is to design a circuit such that one can control home or industrial appliance using the help of remote. This circuit can be used to any of your home appliances (lamp, fan, radio, etc.) to make the appliance turn on/off from a TV remote control.
Using remote to control appliances reduces human efforts without compromising on efficiency. It also saves time. Infrared (IR) light is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength longer than that of visible light, measured from the nominal edge of visible red light at 0.7 μm and extending conventionally to 300 μm,. These radiations with a frequency below our eyes sensitivity cannot be seen, but can only be felt by our skin temperature sensors. Infrared is interesting, because it is easily generated and doesn't suffer electromagnetic interference and so it is widely used in communication and control circuits. The adventure of using lots of infrared in TV remote controls helped engineers to work on innovative projects like controlling home appliances using TV remotes etc. Receiver in the circuit receives pulsed IR rays from the remote and decoded signal is thus received by relay driver whose output activates the corresponding home appliance. According to this, it makes sense that the logical direction about managing home appliances (HASs) in the near future is going to be by means of a remote control. But wireless technologies in domestics should be implemented carefully.
Gesture based Home automation ,a Final year Engineering projectAswin Dev
The project proposes to show the benefits of a smart house . Details about the technical substructure and application of the designed home automation system through Gesture Recognition are described. This project presents the extension of existing vision based gesture recognition system using an algorithm that combines the classical and novel approach for gesture recognition. Under future work, several improvements and support structures may be implemented in order to increase the capabilities and the functionality of the system
Our project “GSM based Garbage Disposal” is mainly intended to control the ON/OFF operations of the irrigation motor by using a mobile phone. The mobile phone present in the system uses auto answer function to lift the call. Each key in the mobile phone transmits two tones with different frequencies when pressed. These transmitted frequencies are decoded using DTMF decoder and the decoded value is fed as input to micro controller which in turn operates switches like Relay and Triac to which the irrigation motor is connected. The input value to the micro controller will be checked and respective operation of that key will be performed like switching ON/OFF the irrigation motor. The system also gives feed back through buzzer alarm system.
Voice recognition based home automation system for paralyzed peoplelal ahmed shaik
Automation is a trending topic in 21st century making an important role in our daily lives. Automation reduces the human labor, time, effort and some human errors. The key objective of our project is to design a system for physically handicapped persons to control and operate home appliances and their own wheel chair by their own voice. Both these qualities are present in our project which has the capability to replace existing technologies. the design of the low cost voice recognition based home automation system for the physically challenged people suffering from quadriplegia or paraplegia (who cannot move their limbs but can speak and listen) to control the various home appliances just by his/her voice commands according to their need and comfort. We also implemented a messaging concept. In this whenever the patient or the person needs a help, if he/she pronounce as help a message will be sent to their respective represented family member. The resultant system can provide a great assistance to the physically handicapped people without any need of third person.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
1. R.B.S.E.T.C
Seminar on -: Substation Supervision
Submitted by- Manvendra Gupt
E.E (1700420907)
Submitted to- Upendra Sir (Ast. Pro.)
2. CONTENTS
• Objective
• Introduction
• Block Diagram
• Working Principle
• Advantages
• Applications
• Limitations
• Future Scope of Work
• Conclusion
3. OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project is to
design and develop a wireless
communication link to monitor
and control equipments that are
far away from the user and also
develop a high security system to
keep a check on them.
4. INTRODUCTION
• The proposed system is based on
ATMEL 89S52 microcontroller.
• The transmitter is a mobile phone
which uses certain codes
corresponding to a particular relay to
which the device is connected.
• At the receiver, the GSM modem
receives the message from the mobile
phone and gives it to the
microcontroller which acts to control
the devices.
5. BLOCK DIAGRAM
RF TRANSMITTER RF RECEIVER
GSM TRANSMITTER
GSM RECEIVER
RF
Receiver
M
I
C
R
O
C
O
N
T
R
O
L
L
E
R
(at 89s52)
RF decoder
gsm
modem max 232
Table Fan
(Device 1) relay 1
Table Lamp
(Device 2) relay 2
LCD
Display
Buzzer
memory
at24c04
Power supply
(lm 7805)
Sensor
RF Encoder RF Transmitter
6. WORKING PRINCIPLE
• At the transmitter side, the user
sends an SMS to the GSM modem
using AT commands indicating
which device is to be controlled.
• At the receiver side,
Microcontroller controls the
devices through relays
depending on the code received
by the GSM modem.
7. POWER SUPPLY
The microcontroller and other
devices get power supply from
AC to Dc adapter through 7805, 5
volts regulator. The adapter
output voltage will be 12V DC
non regulated.
8. GSM MODEM
• GSM Modem is a multi-functional,
ready to use, rugged unit that
can be embedded or plugged into
any application.
• The Modem can be controlled and
customized to various levels by
using the standard AT
commands.
9. GSM MODEM(CONT…)
The modem comprises several
interfaces:-
• LED Function including operating
Status
• External antenna
• Serial and control link
• Power Supply
• SIM card holder
10. COMMANDS FOR
SMS
OPERATIONS
Device ON
•(PASSWORD) SYSTEM1 ON#
Device OFF
•(PASSWORD) SYSTEM1 OFF#
Device ON
•(PASSWORD) SYSTEM2 ON#
Device OFF
•(PASSWORD) SYSTEM2 OFF#
CHECH THE STATUS
•(PASSWORD) STATUS#
11. MICROCONTROLLER-
AT89S52
• The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-
performance CMOS 8-bit micro
controller with 8K bytes of in-system
programmable Flash memory. The
device is manufactured using Atmel’s
nonvolatile memory technology .
• It is a powerful microcontroller which
provides a highly-flexible, cost
effective solution to many embedded
control applications.
• The code written is downloaded into
the microcontroller chip using an
universal programmer.
12. MAX232
• MAX232 was created for one
purpose, to interface between
Data Terminal Equipment (DTE)
and Data Communications
Equipment (DCE) employing
serial binary data interchange.
• So as stated the DTE is the
terminal or computer and the
DCE is the modem or other
communications device.
13. EEPROM
• electrically erasable and
programmable read only memory
(EEPROM) is organized as words of 8
bits each.
Features:
• 2-Wire Serial Interface (I2C
protocol)
• High Reliability
Vital role of External EEPROM
memory :
To store the status of the relay
14. RELAY
• Relays use an electromagnetic coil to move
the poles of a switch when powered. There
are three pairs of connections known as
common, normally open and normally
closed.
• The center terminal block is the common
(CO) connection and is connected to either
the upper or lower terminal block depending
on the state of the relay.
• Vital role of RELAY:
Switch on/off the device according to the
microcontroller commands.
15. PCB
• A printed circuit board, or PCB, is
used to mechanically support and
electrically connect electronic
components using conductive
pathways.
• electronic component have wire
leads, and the PCB has holes
drilled for each wire of each
component. The components'
leads are then passed through
the holes and soldered to the
16. ADVANTAGES
• The status of various devices can
be monitored and controlled
from anywhere.
• The operation of the system is
very simple and can be used by
anyone with a basic knowledge
of operating mobile phones.
• Easy to upgrade as per the user
requirement.
17. APPLICATIONS
• Home Automation
• Office Automation
• Industrial Automation
• To control water pump sets in
agricultural fields.
• The security system can be
employed in household or any
organization.
18. LIMITATIONS
• If the main module or the
handset is not in the cellular
range ,we can’t control the
devices.
• The sensors use RF transmitter
and receiver which has limited
range, hence sensors have to be
in close vicinity of the main
module
19. FUTURE SCOPE OF
WORK
• It can be used for high security in
banks and other organizations.
• Using real time clock, the appliances
which need response in real time can
also be Controlled through the
wireless link .
• Connecting More Devices.
• Provision To Store Several Mobile
Numbers
• Video Recording Once Alarm Gets
20. CONCLUSION
• We presented an approach that
can be employed to improve the
performance of various devices
that are not in the close vicinity
of the user.
• The usability of the design was
verified by controlling a table fan
and a table lamp.
• The user was informed about the
action through a reply SMS sent
by the modem at the receiver.