what is projection histograms and how it is used in handwritten recognition

1. PROJECTION HISTOGRAMS
Eng/ Mahmoud Yasser Hammam
Under supervision of Acoss.prof.eng/ Ahmed Rafaat

2. WHAT IS THE USE OF PROJECTION
HISTOGRAMS
• In the context of handwritten character recognition, projection histograms play a crucial role
in analyzing and understanding the spatial distribution of pixel intensities along specific
axes. Here's how projection histograms are commonly employed in handwritten character
recognition

3. HORIZONTAL HISTOGRAMS
• Along the horizontal axis, the projection histogram represents the cumulative intensity of
pixels in each column.
• Peaks in the horizontal projection correspond to areas where there is a concentration of ink,
indicating the presence of parts of characters.

4. VERTICAL HISTOGRAMS
• Along the vertical axis, the projection histogram represents the cumulative intensity of pixels
in each row.
• Peaks in the vertical projection indicate the height of characters and spaces between lines.

5. STEPS USED TO GET THE
PROJECTION HISTOGRAMS
Converting the image
to greyscale
Noise removal using
Gaussian filter
Applying the threshold
Calculating the projections