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Project_CharterProject Title:GO HOME!!Black BeltProject
ChampionExecutive SponsorMBB/MentorProblem
StatementBusiness CaseProject GoalsProject ScopeHigh Level
Project TimelineConstraints & DependenciesProject
RisksAdditional InformationPhaseStartFinishIdentify ValueMap
the Value StreamCreate FlowEstablish PullSeek
PerfectionApproval/Steering CommitteeStakeholders &
AdvisorsProject Team &
SME'sNameOrganizationNameOrganizationName Organization
VILLANOVA UNIVERSITY
High Level Process MapPlease add in extra processes and
symbols as neededGO HOME!!
Icing transfers to Kettle 2
Icing in Kettle 1
Check viscosity
Transfer to final assembly
Final quality check
Shortening Quality Check
Package product
SIPOCS.I.P.O.C. TemplateGO
HOME!!SuppliersInputsProcessOutputsCustomers
VILLANOVA UNIVERSITY
Start
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
End
VSMValue Stream MapGO
HOME!!SupplierCustomerInformationInformation
&"Arial,Bold"&10Value Stream Map
&"Arial,Regular"&8v3.0
&"Arial,Regular"&8&G
Copyright 2016 GoLeanSixSigma.com. All Rights Reserved.
7 min
5 min
8 min
8 min
10 min
3 min
4 min
1 min
min
min
TOTAL
LT
PT
% C&A
Cause_Effect_DiagramGO HOME!!Instructions:STEP 1 : Define
the problem. What is the product, process or service that has
failed.STEP 2 : Starting with 'Materials' or any other label, ask:
is there anything about materials that might
contribute to the problem. Record it next to one of the arrows
under Materials.STEP 3 : Repeat asking "is there anything about
materials that might contribute to the problem"Problem
Record each result next to an arrow.STEP 4 : Repeat Step 2 & 3
for each successive category.STEP 5 : Identify the candidates
that are the most likely Root CauseSTEP 6 : If further
"screening" is necessary, assess the likely Root Causes using
the "Impact" and "Implement" matrix, selecting items
marked 1, then 2 . . . 4 as priorities.
ParetoCategories# of OccurrencesIssue 125GO HOME!!Issue
220Issue 315Issue 410Issue 55The focus area should be on the
water in the pipe followed by contacting the supplier to
understand why their materials are out of spec.
5-Why5-WHY ANALYSIS SHEETGO HOME!!Note: Continue
on separate page if 5-Whys are not enough to determine root
cause.
WHY #1:
Adjusting pH
WHY #5
Control valve not tunned properly.
WHY #2:
Stoichiometry out of wack
WHY #4
Control valve not shutting off quick enough.
WHY #3
Overshooting pH
TEMPORARY Date 6.8.20
COUNTERMEASURES
Tune the valve and shut off in time.
FINAL COUNTERMEASURE Name Johnny
Jones
- PERMANENT CORRECTIVE ACTION Date 6.15.20
Smart transmitter to be installed that provides warning when
valve tunning is outside of control limits.
VERIFICATION:
No Recurrence in Three Months? TBD Date 6.7.20
Single-Point Lesson? _________ Date ________
DO THE 5 WHY'S MAKE SENSE WHEN READ
BACKWARD?
Waste Walk8 Wastes/Waste WalksDefects - Re-adjusting
process parameters, reworking finished products, off spec
materialsDefectsOverproduction - OverproductionWaiting -
Waiting for raw materials, maintenance personnel, processes to
finish, and instructionsWaitingNon Utilized Talent - Workers
not involved in improvement areas; input or feedback ignored.
Changes without consulting workers and employees not
challengedNon Utilized TalentTransportation - Putting products
in work-in-progress areas and moving materials due to poor
layoutTransportationInventory (Excess) - Work-in-progress,
rework waiting for testing, excessive raw and finished
productsInventoryMotion (Excess) - Moving tools and people to
defferent areas, excessing manual material
movementMotionExcessive Processing - Excessive Quality
checks, Performing operations not requiredExcessive
ProcessingWaste TypeDescribe the waste you sawGO
HOME!!DefectsWrong specification of material
Control_PlanControl PlanGO HOME!!Process:Preparer:Page:
ofCustomer:Email:Reference No:Stakeholder:Phone:Revision
Date:Business:Owner:Approval:ProcessCritical To Quality /
MetricSpecification/ RequirementMeasurement MethodSample
SizeMeasure FrequencyResponsible for MetricCorrective
ActionResponsible for ActionLower Spec LimitUpper Spec
LimitEvaluate specifications for thick/thin
productsSpecifications between 200,000 – 600,000 cpsLSL -
200000
USL - 600000Viscosity measured through Brix Meter5Every
BatchT AgustiadyAdd in Water to specifications if thick, add in
shorterning to specifications if thinM Meisner
VILLANOVA UNIVERSITY
KanbanKANBAN CARDGO HOME!!Part Description/Picture if
ApplicablePart Number ProfileQTY.Lead TimeDue
DateSupplierLocationCard #1 OF 2KANBAN CARDPart
Description/Picture if ApplicablePart Number ProfileQTY.Lead
TimeDue DateSupplierLocationCard #2 OF 2
Audit_ChecklistAudit ChecklistTarget Area:Statement of Audit
Objective:Auditor:Audit Date:GO HOME!!Audit
TechniqueAuditable Item, Observation, Procedure
etc.Individual Auditor Rating (Circle Rating)ObservationHave
all associates been trained?YESNOObservationIs training
documentation available?YESNOObservationIs training
documentation current?YESNOObservationAre associates
wearing proper safety gear?YESNOObservationAre SOP's
available?YESNOObservationAre SOP's
current?YESNOObservationIs quality being
measuredYESNOObservationIs sampling being conducted in
random fashionYESNOObservationIs sampling meeting it's
sample size target?YESNOObservationAre control charts in
controlYESNOObservationAre control charts
current?YESNOObservationIs the process capability index
>1.0?YESNONumber of Out of Compliance ObservationsTotal
ObservationsAudit YieldERROR:#DIV/0!Corrective Actions
RequiredAuditor Comments
VILLANOVA UNIVERSITY
PRACTICAL CONNECTION ASSIGNMENT
Professor Scott Van Nice
Original source of fact pattern:
https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/computer-forensics-
investigation-case-study/
Refresher
1. A Computer Forensic investigator generally investigates the
data which could be taken from computer hard disks or any
other storage devices with adherence to standard policies and
procedures to determine if those devices have been
compromised by unauthorized access or not.
2. Computer Forensics investigators work as a team to
investigate the incident and conduct the forensic analysis by
using various methodologies (e.g. Static and Dynamic) and tools
(e.g. FTK or Encase) to ensure the computer network system is
secure in an organization.
3. A successful Computer Forensic investigator must be familiar
with various laws and regulations related to computer crimes in
their country (e.g. Computer Misuse Act 1990, the UK) and
various computer operating systems (e.g. Windows, Linux) and
network operating systems (e.g. Win NT).
4. Public investigations and Private or Corporate investigations
are the two distinctive categories that fall under Computer
Forensics investigations. Public investigations will be
conducted by government agencies, and private investigations
will be conducted by private computer forensic team.
Fact Pattern
1. A new start-up SME (small-medium enterprise) based in
Luton has recently begun to notice anomalies in its accounting
and product records.
2. This SME has also noticed that their competitors seem to be
developing products that are very similar to what they are doing
which suggests potential intellectual property theft.
3. SME has undertaken an initial check of system log files, and
there are several suspicious entries and IP addresses with a
large amount of data being sent outside the company firewall.
4. SME has also recently received several customer complaints
saying that there is often a strange message displayed during
order processing, and they are often re-directed to a payment
page that does not look legitimate.
5. The company makes use of a general purpose eBusiness
package (OSCommerce) and has a small team of six IT support
professionals, but they do not feel that they have the expertise
to carry out a full scale malware/forensic investigation.
6. As there is increased competition in the hi-tech domain, the
company is anxious to ensure that their systems are not being
compromised either internally or externally and they have
employed a digital forensic investigator to determine whether
any malicious activity has taken place, and to ensure that there
is no malware within their systems.
7. The company uses Windows 10 for its servers. Patches are
applied by the IT support team on a monthly basis, but the team
has noticed that a number of machines do not seem to have been
patched.
8. The company provides mobile devices (Apple iOS) to its
employees and the iPhones are considered corporate assets.
9. The company also as several employees who use non-
corporate mobile devices for work but they are not considered
corporate assets.
10. The company uses Microsoft Exchange with an enterprise
email server environment where every employee has their own
corporate email account.
11. The company’s network is composed of routers, firewalls,
hubs, and active directory domain servers.
12. Many of the employees also carry tech-wearables e.g.
FitBit, smart watches, etc that can be plugged into a computer
via a USB port for charging and/or for data transfer.
13. The company has several employees in the United States
and several in the European Union region (EU) e.g. two of them
are in Germany.
14. Your task, as an attorney and a trained forensic investigator,
is to supervise a digital forensics investigation to see whether
you can prepare a case against the perpetrators.
15. This task may require investigating all employees including
emails, the network, mobile devices, computers, etc.
16. In addition to overseeing an investigation you are asked to
advise the company of its legal rights e.g. what the company
may or may not do especially if you are planning to collect
devices or emails.
Deliverables
Your deliverable in this assignment is a 2-page report (no more
than 3 pages please) discussing how you would approach the
following Digital Forensic Investigation. As part of this report
you should also:
1. Outline and discuss the methodology that you will use.
2. Provide a reasoned argument as to why the particular
methodology (or methodologies) chosen is relevant.
3. Identify key facts and identify key considerations to consider
from a technical / forensic standpoint that the company should
consider.
4. Identify key facts and identify key considerations to consider
from a legal standpoint that the company should consider.
5. Discuss in detail (step by step) the process that you will use
to collect evidence and discuss the relevant guidelines that need
to be followed when collecting digital evidence.
6. Be sure to back your reasoning with case law as applicable.
Scott’s Hints
1. Spend some time thinking about how you want to frame this.
2. Look at your textbooks – and the chapters covered. Perhaps
that would give you a good roadmap.
3. There are many obvious and non-obvious devices here. Spend
some time listing there as well as perhaps think of others that
may be included (but was not explicitly) called out.
4. Refresh your memory on the order of volatility, this may help
you prioritize.
5. Are there some potential resources that I did not include in
this fact pattern, but you think should be considered (one good
example might be capture of email accounts from the back-end
e.g. Exchange server).
Why did I assign you this?
Many real-world cybersecurity incidents have a lot of moving
parts and you may be asked to quickly formulate a plan while
ensuring it has a legal foundation. This is a good exercise as to
how you can learn to put everything together. In addition, I
think this might make a great interview segment for you where
you can demonstrate to a potential employer of how much you
have learned!
This is also an open-ended assignment so many of you may
approach this differently. This is fine so long you are mindful
of the important forensic principles that we have learned
together.
Villanova University
College of Professional Studies
Page 1 of 18
Case Study:
Lean Process Improvement –
Nova Point
Tina Agustiady
Certified Six Sigma Master Black Belt
Villanova University
College of Professional Studies
Page 2 of 18
Executive Summary
Nova Point is a growing product for a main ice cream factory
named Uncle T’s.
The product is selling extremely well, and sales have been
rising for the past
year. Over the past year, even with the increase of sales, there
has also been an
increase in complaints for thick or thin ice cream. Customers
felt that some ice
cream was too thick and lost the fluffy texture, while others had
thin ice cream
that melted too quickly in their mouth, which made it feel like a
liquid. Poor quality
of the Nova Point causes thick or thin product, resulting in
major variation in
product due to materials, methods, machinery, measurements,
manpower, and
Mother Nature.
The product is made in two main factories, but the main
problems are
significantly coming from one factory. The product with the
problems is made on
a production line where the temperature is warm within the
factory. They are also
scrapping a great amount of product due to it now being
inedible. It goes through
a series of processes – mainly kettles, where raw materials enter
and then go
through a series of mixing steps. The materials are then pumped
out onto a
production line and thereafter packaged. The current first pass
quality is 91%,
and there are many holds on the product due to thick or thin
product that is held
within the factory before it is sent to the customer. The goal of
the project is to:
Villanova University
College of Professional Studies
Page 3 of 18
Methodology
ing
specifications
for ingredients.
and/or upgrades.
What Is Lean?
Lean is the pursuit of perfection via a systematic approach to
identifying and
eliminating waste through continuous improvement of the value
stream,
enabling the product or information to flow at a rate determined
by the pull of the
customer.
Figure 1. Lean System
Identify
Value
Map the
Value
Stream
Create
Flow
Establish
Pull
Seek
Perfection
Villanova University
College of Professional Studies
Page 4 of 18
Introduction
Tina Agustiady – Continuous Improvement Leader
Tom Jones – Operator
Michelle VanHutson – Operator
John George – Production Engineer
Nancy Feller – Maintenance Coordinator
Todd Peterson – Plant Manager and Project Champion
Andy Myers – Executive Sponsor
Master Black Belt – Michael Bell
The team was selected based on knowledge and expertise of the
process.
The team did a great job and was proficient and organized
during the project.
Identify Value
A project charter was mapped out to show responsible
personnel, problem
statements, goals, and timelines.
Villanova University
College of Professional Studies
Page 5 of 18
Deliverable Module 3
Please fill out a project charter from the Excel templates
provided.
Figure 2. Project Charter
PROJECT CHARTER PURPOSE
The purpose of the Continuous Improvement project is to pilot
the CI
foundation in a factory utilizing a structured approach and being
able to
benchmark the findings across processes. We want to identify
where we
can add value, and this can be seen through the project charter.
PROJECT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
implementing
specifications for ingredients.
dized work and train all associates.
Phase Start Finish
Identify Value
Map the Value
Stream
Create Flow
Establish Pull
Seek Perfection
Organization
Approval/Steering Committee Stakeholders & Advisors Project
Team & SME's
Name Organization Name Organization Name
High Level Project Timeline Constraints & Dependencies
Project Risks Additional Information
Project Goals Project Scope
Problem Statement Business Case
Project Title:
Black Belt Project Champion Executive Sponsor MBB/Mentor
Villanova University
College of Professional Studies
Page 6 of 18
PROJECT OVERVIEW
Business justification consists of reducing thin/thick issues
associated on
the manufacturing line and increasing first pass quality (FPQ).
PROJECT GOALS
Table 1. Project Goals
Goals Objectives
Increase FPQ to
99% and reduce
holds by 10%
with specifications and reduce thick/thin
issues.
accurate or need to be revised (standard
deviations).
process and create manual.
initial viscosity and temperatures
for correlation versus 24-hour viscosity.
Table 2. Milestones and Deliverables
Milestone Deliverable
1. Conduct training • Identify training date.
2. Create manual • Manual will be for documentation and
training purposes.
3. Create preventative
maintenance (PMs)
for main equipment
• PMs will be established, and sign-off sheets
will be available.
Villanova University
College of Professional Studies
Page 7 of 18
Milestone Deliverable
4. Benchmark factory
with best practices
• Determine best in-class process and
implement in both manufacturing plants.
5. Reduce holds and
consumer concerns
by 10%
• Determine correlation between holds and
consumer concerns.
6. Determine root
causes of each
hold and consumer
concern and
document action
plan
• Ongoing
7. Maintain consumer
concerns under
2.5M pounds,
focusing on v-line
• Ongoing
8. Reduce material
waste from icings
and v-line back to
2018 levels or
better
• Ongoing
9. Improve
consistency and
reduce variation
from v-line process
• Ongoing
A control plan will be completed at the end of the project.
A process map was drawn out in order to visually see each of
the process steps as they
occur.
Deliverable Module 4
Please complete a high-level process map of the current process
using the
Excel template provided.
The process is defined as the following:
• Placing icing in Kettle 1
• Completing a shortening quality check
• Icing being transferred to Kettle 2
Villanova University
College of Professional Studies
Page 8 of 18
• Completing a viscosity check
• Transfer product to final assembly
• Final quality check
• Package product
• Process map
Conclusion of Identify Value
The Identify Value step showed that the processes committed by
Nova Point are
important to the customers and the business. A high-level
process map was
completed in order to more fully understand the steps. The
project team now has
a baseline to begin to map the value stream.
Map the Value Stream
The goals of mapping the value stream were to determine the
key factors for
variation issues, machine issues, and variation in Nova Point
process through
statistical analysis and graphical analysis. The goal of the
project is to increase
first pass quality from 91% to 99%, and to reduce holds by 10%.
A SIPOC was performed to see the high-level process inputs,
outputs, and
process steps.
Deliverable Module 4
Please complete:
• A SIPOC utilizing the Excel template provided
• A high-level Value Stream Map utilizing the Excel template
provided
A cause-and-effect diagram was created to identify different
variables that play a part in
the process. This was done for the Nova Point thin and thick
holds.
Villanova University
College of Professional Studies
Page 9 of 18
Root cause analysis includes a very structured approach to
investigating issues for a
permanent fix of the problem. What is sought is the true cause
of the problem, which
most people mistake for short-term fixes. Putting guards in
place on manufacturing lines
as well as properly placing buckets in order to eliminate waste
are examples of short
fixes. The problem still occurs, but there is just a measure put
in place to try and
eliminate the waste. The prevention of the problem from
occurring is not fixed.
Even though assumptions are utilized for root cause analysis,
they should be backed up
with documentation and data. Data driven conclusions should be
made when assuming
problems.
Cause-and-effect diagrams are used to examine effects of
problems by exploring the
possible causes and to point out possible areas where data can
be collected.
They are performed to find potential solutions to a problem by
looking for the root
cause(s).
Steps to Conducting a Fishbone or Cause-and-Effect Diagram
1. Brainstorm all possible causes of the problem or effect
selected.
• The initial objective is to achieve quantity of ideas rather than
quality of ideas.
One person’s idea can trigger someone else’s idea, and a chain
reaction will
occur.
• No criticism is allowed; all team members must participate.
2. Classify the major causes under the following categories:
• Manpower
• Machinery
• Method
Villanova University
College of Professional Studies
Page 10 of 18
• Measurement
• Material
• Mother Nature (environment)
Deliverable Module 5
Please complete a cause and effect diagram using the Excel
template
provided.
A pareto was completed to see what the biggest reasons were
for having quality
problems.
The following information was found:
Table 3. Occurrences by Category
Categories Number of Occurrences
Water in pipe 55
Liquid sucrose 25
Supplier providing out of spec materials 48
Clean out water not purged 32
Quality of shortening 41
Deliverable Module 5
Please complete a Pareto chart with the information given using
the Excel
template provided.
It could automatically be seen according to the Pareto chart that
the water in the pipe
needed to be dealt with along with product specifications and
the quality of the
shortening.
Finally, specifications were gathered to ensure the process was
on target:
tory B has wider specs for viscosity due to different uses.
Villanova University
College of Professional Studies
Page 11 of 18
– 600,000 cps
viscosity of 320,000 – 512,000 cps
Conclusion of Map the Value Stream
Data was taken for as many parameters as possible before
changing any variables. It
was found that piping was making a significant impact on the
process, and analysis
needed to be completed for that.
The following was accomplished:
• Process mapping
• Data gathering
• Cause-and-effect diagram
• Root cause analysis
• Pareto chart
Create Flow
It could automatically be seen that the water in the pipe needed
to be dealt with along
with product specifications and the quality of the shortening.
The team did a 5 Whys analysis to understand why the water
was clogging in the pipe
shown in the figure below.
Villanova University
College of Professional Studies
Page 12 of 18
Figure 3. Water Pipe
Deliverable Module 5
Please complete a 5 Whys analysis on the water in the pipe
issue using the
Excel template provided.
It was important to understand the types of waste that were
occurring in the process.
The team decided to do a floor walk (Gemba walk) to find the
main types of waste
associated with the acronym DOWNTIME.
Deliverable Module 6
Please complete the Waste Walk tab in the Excel template
provided. Be
creative here; there are no right or wrong answers.
Conclusion of Create Flow
In Lean management, flow is a key concept. Since any kind of
waiting is a waste, when
creating a flow of value, your goal is to ensure smooth delivery
from the second you
receive an order to the moment when you deliver it to the
customer.
Hints to improving flow:
• Map the process.
Villanova University
College of Professional Studies
Page 13 of 18
• Talk to subject matter experts about issues.
• Identify all types of different waste in the current process.
• Map an ideal state – the perfect process.
• Develop an action plan.
• Actively monitor the new processes put into place by creating
performance
measures.
• Think about places where batch processing can be changed to
single piece flow.
Establish Pull
The team decided to change the piping so that water could flow
quicker through the
piping to make more consistent product that was in
specification. The extra water in the
pipe could make the product thin by dispersing too much water
from the pipe or too
thick by not having enough water because it was stuck in the
pipe.
The changes to the piping were made immediately.
Figure 4. Changes to Piping
Ensure Pipe from Pipe #1 to Product is purged and has no
residual
water
Changed pitchRemoved sweep
Villanova University
College of Professional Studies
Page 14 of 18
Since the temperature of 235 degrees in Factory A seemed to
have better specifications
than Factory B at a lower temperature, we decided to benchmark
and make a standard
operating procedure to heat the product to 235 degrees. The
team noticed that all of the
raw ingredients were brought to the line at the beginning of the
shift. This caused some
of the ingredients to start melting before they were put in the
kettle.
Conclusion of Establish Pull
Many opportunities were identified, and action items were
completed to improve the
variation issues for Nova Point. More opportunities will
continue to be sought once
proper practices such as the ones stated in the control phase
continue to be ensured.
-way valve of
pipe
and consistently
es to Benchmark Factory A
The three major variables are listed below:
Variable 1 – Piping
• After several tests and data analysis, the thin and thick issues
were minimized
after the piping changes.
Variable 2 – Specifications for Thin or Thick Product
• Specifications were determined for thin or thick product.
• We also spoke to the supplier and changed our specification
ranges with them
saying we would no longer take any raw material out of
specification because it
was ruining our reputation.
Variable 3 – Temperatures
Villanova University
College of Professional Studies
Page 15 of 18
• The temperature of 235 degrees in Factory A seemed to have
better
specifications than Factory B at a lower temperature.
Deliverable Module 6
Please choose which variable(s), if any, are key factor(s) for the
root cause
of the thick/thin product issue.
Seek Perfection
The following is a control plan is a document that:
• Provides “one-stop shopping” for a summary of your team’s
project.
• Helps others understand what was done.
• Is used to build on without having to reinvent the wheel.
• Allows for replication.
• Is a final list of the Xs (input variables) and Ys (output
variables).
• Exists solely to ensure that we consistently operate our
processes such that
product meets customer requirements.
There are several basic steps to completing a control plan:
1. Collect existing documentation for the process.
2. Determine the scope of the process for the current control
plan.
3. Form teams to update the control plan regularly.
4. Replace short-term capability studies with long-term
capability results.
5. Complete control plan summaries.
6. Identify missing or inadequate components or gaps.
7. Review training, maintenance, and operational action plans.
8. Assign tasks to team members.
Villanova University
College of Professional Studies
Page 16 of 18
9. Verify compliance of actual procedures with documented
procedures.
10. Train or retrain operators.
11. Collect signoffs from all departments.
12. Verify effectiveness with long-term capabilities.
A control plan ensures consistency while eliminating variation
in the system.
Control plans help people because they sustain processes that
were put in place.
Deliverable Module 7
Please complete a control plan stating how you will sustain the
improvements made using the Excel template provided.
The team decided to setup a Kanban system in order to have the
ingredients come to
the line at the proper temperature and just in time for them to
use them.
Deliverable Module 7
Please complete the Kanban cards by filling out the following
information:
• Part description/picture if applicable
• Part number
• Profile
• Quantity
• Lead time
• Due date
• Supplier
• Location
• Card number (generally two Kanban cards: 1 of 2 and 2 of 2)
Villanova University
College of Professional Studies
Page 17 of 18
The audit checklist will continually be audited to ensure the
manufacturing groups are
on track.
Deliverable Module 7
Please complete an audit checklist to ensure the process stays in
a
sustainable manner.
Figure 5. Audit Checklist
Conclusion to Project
One main change was made to minimize variation, and this
involved the piping. The
water was being trapped in a pipe, making the product thick or
thin based on when the
water purged from the pipe. The pipe was changed and
immediately fixed the
problems. A standard deviation change was also implemented to
ensure customers
were getting in-spec products. The standard deviation was
centered. The temperature
Target Area: Statement of Audit Objective: Auditor: Audit
Date:
Audit Technique Auditable Item, Observation, Procedure etc.
Observation Have all associates been trained? YES NO
Observation Is training documentation available? YES NO
Observation Is training documentation current? YES NO
Observation Are associates wearing proper safety gear? YES
NO
Observation Are SOP's available? YES NO
Observation Are SOP's current? YES NO
Observation Is quality being measured YES NO
Observation Is sampling being conducted in random fashion
YES NO
Observation Is sampling meeting it's sample size target? YES
NO
Observation Are control charts in control YES NO
Observation Are control charts current? YES NO
Observation Is the process capability index >1.0? YES NO
#DIV/0!
Auditor Comments
Audit Checklist
Individual Auditor Rating
(Circle Rating)
Number of Out of Compliance Observations
Total Observations
Audit Yield
Corrective Actions Required
Villanova University
College of Professional Studies
Page 18 of 18
seemed to be an issue, and training was completed to ensure
everyone was heating
the product to the same temperature.
Preventative maintenance and training ensure the variation is
minimized and continues
monthly and quarterly.
The successes of the project are as follows:
the process.
Lean Six Sigma Tools Used
Executive SummaryMethodologyWhat Is
Lean?IntroductionIdentify ValueDeliverable Module 3PROJECT
CHARTER PURPOSEPROJECT EXECUTIVE
SUMMARYPROJECT OVERVIEWPROJECT
GOALSDeliverable Module 4Conclusion of Identify ValueMap
the Value StreamDeliverable Module 4Steps to Conducting a
Fishbone or Cause-and-Effect DiagramDeliverable Module
5Deliverable Module 5Conclusion of Map the Value
StreamCreate FlowDeliverable Module 5Deliverable Module
6Conclusion of Create FlowEstablish PullConclusion of
Establish PullDeliverable Module 6Seek PerfectionDeliverable
Module 7Deliverable Module 7Deliverable Module 7Conclusion
to Project

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  • 2. &"Arial,Regular"&8&G Copyright 2016 GoLeanSixSigma.com. All Rights Reserved. 7 min 5 min 8 min 8 min 10 min 3 min 4 min 1 min min min TOTAL LT PT % C&A Cause_Effect_DiagramGO HOME!!Instructions:STEP 1 : Define the problem. What is the product, process or service that has failed.STEP 2 : Starting with 'Materials' or any other label, ask: is there anything about materials that might contribute to the problem. Record it next to one of the arrows under Materials.STEP 3 : Repeat asking "is there anything about materials that might contribute to the problem"Problem Record each result next to an arrow.STEP 4 : Repeat Step 2 & 3 for each successive category.STEP 5 : Identify the candidates that are the most likely Root CauseSTEP 6 : If further "screening" is necessary, assess the likely Root Causes using the "Impact" and "Implement" matrix, selecting items marked 1, then 2 . . . 4 as priorities. ParetoCategories# of OccurrencesIssue 125GO HOME!!Issue 220Issue 315Issue 410Issue 55The focus area should be on the water in the pipe followed by contacting the supplier to understand why their materials are out of spec. 5-Why5-WHY ANALYSIS SHEETGO HOME!!Note: Continue
  • 3. on separate page if 5-Whys are not enough to determine root cause. WHY #1: Adjusting pH WHY #5 Control valve not tunned properly. WHY #2: Stoichiometry out of wack WHY #4 Control valve not shutting off quick enough. WHY #3 Overshooting pH TEMPORARY Date 6.8.20 COUNTERMEASURES Tune the valve and shut off in time. FINAL COUNTERMEASURE Name Johnny Jones - PERMANENT CORRECTIVE ACTION Date 6.15.20 Smart transmitter to be installed that provides warning when valve tunning is outside of control limits. VERIFICATION: No Recurrence in Three Months? TBD Date 6.7.20 Single-Point Lesson? _________ Date ________ DO THE 5 WHY'S MAKE SENSE WHEN READ BACKWARD? Waste Walk8 Wastes/Waste WalksDefects - Re-adjusting process parameters, reworking finished products, off spec materialsDefectsOverproduction - OverproductionWaiting -
  • 4. Waiting for raw materials, maintenance personnel, processes to finish, and instructionsWaitingNon Utilized Talent - Workers not involved in improvement areas; input or feedback ignored. Changes without consulting workers and employees not challengedNon Utilized TalentTransportation - Putting products in work-in-progress areas and moving materials due to poor layoutTransportationInventory (Excess) - Work-in-progress, rework waiting for testing, excessive raw and finished productsInventoryMotion (Excess) - Moving tools and people to defferent areas, excessing manual material movementMotionExcessive Processing - Excessive Quality checks, Performing operations not requiredExcessive ProcessingWaste TypeDescribe the waste you sawGO HOME!!DefectsWrong specification of material Control_PlanControl PlanGO HOME!!Process:Preparer:Page: ofCustomer:Email:Reference No:Stakeholder:Phone:Revision Date:Business:Owner:Approval:ProcessCritical To Quality / MetricSpecification/ RequirementMeasurement MethodSample SizeMeasure FrequencyResponsible for MetricCorrective ActionResponsible for ActionLower Spec LimitUpper Spec LimitEvaluate specifications for thick/thin productsSpecifications between 200,000 – 600,000 cpsLSL - 200000 USL - 600000Viscosity measured through Brix Meter5Every BatchT AgustiadyAdd in Water to specifications if thick, add in shorterning to specifications if thinM Meisner VILLANOVA UNIVERSITY KanbanKANBAN CARDGO HOME!!Part Description/Picture if ApplicablePart Number ProfileQTY.Lead TimeDue DateSupplierLocationCard #1 OF 2KANBAN CARDPart Description/Picture if ApplicablePart Number ProfileQTY.Lead TimeDue DateSupplierLocationCard #2 OF 2 Audit_ChecklistAudit ChecklistTarget Area:Statement of Audit Objective:Auditor:Audit Date:GO HOME!!Audit TechniqueAuditable Item, Observation, Procedure
  • 5. etc.Individual Auditor Rating (Circle Rating)ObservationHave all associates been trained?YESNOObservationIs training documentation available?YESNOObservationIs training documentation current?YESNOObservationAre associates wearing proper safety gear?YESNOObservationAre SOP's available?YESNOObservationAre SOP's current?YESNOObservationIs quality being measuredYESNOObservationIs sampling being conducted in random fashionYESNOObservationIs sampling meeting it's sample size target?YESNOObservationAre control charts in controlYESNOObservationAre control charts current?YESNOObservationIs the process capability index >1.0?YESNONumber of Out of Compliance ObservationsTotal ObservationsAudit YieldERROR:#DIV/0!Corrective Actions RequiredAuditor Comments VILLANOVA UNIVERSITY PRACTICAL CONNECTION ASSIGNMENT Professor Scott Van Nice Original source of fact pattern: https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/computer-forensics- investigation-case-study/ Refresher 1. A Computer Forensic investigator generally investigates the data which could be taken from computer hard disks or any other storage devices with adherence to standard policies and procedures to determine if those devices have been compromised by unauthorized access or not. 2. Computer Forensics investigators work as a team to investigate the incident and conduct the forensic analysis by using various methodologies (e.g. Static and Dynamic) and tools (e.g. FTK or Encase) to ensure the computer network system is secure in an organization. 3. A successful Computer Forensic investigator must be familiar
  • 6. with various laws and regulations related to computer crimes in their country (e.g. Computer Misuse Act 1990, the UK) and various computer operating systems (e.g. Windows, Linux) and network operating systems (e.g. Win NT). 4. Public investigations and Private or Corporate investigations are the two distinctive categories that fall under Computer Forensics investigations. Public investigations will be conducted by government agencies, and private investigations will be conducted by private computer forensic team. Fact Pattern 1. A new start-up SME (small-medium enterprise) based in Luton has recently begun to notice anomalies in its accounting and product records. 2. This SME has also noticed that their competitors seem to be developing products that are very similar to what they are doing which suggests potential intellectual property theft. 3. SME has undertaken an initial check of system log files, and there are several suspicious entries and IP addresses with a large amount of data being sent outside the company firewall. 4. SME has also recently received several customer complaints saying that there is often a strange message displayed during order processing, and they are often re-directed to a payment page that does not look legitimate. 5. The company makes use of a general purpose eBusiness package (OSCommerce) and has a small team of six IT support professionals, but they do not feel that they have the expertise to carry out a full scale malware/forensic investigation. 6. As there is increased competition in the hi-tech domain, the company is anxious to ensure that their systems are not being compromised either internally or externally and they have employed a digital forensic investigator to determine whether any malicious activity has taken place, and to ensure that there is no malware within their systems. 7. The company uses Windows 10 for its servers. Patches are applied by the IT support team on a monthly basis, but the team has noticed that a number of machines do not seem to have been
  • 7. patched. 8. The company provides mobile devices (Apple iOS) to its employees and the iPhones are considered corporate assets. 9. The company also as several employees who use non- corporate mobile devices for work but they are not considered corporate assets. 10. The company uses Microsoft Exchange with an enterprise email server environment where every employee has their own corporate email account. 11. The company’s network is composed of routers, firewalls, hubs, and active directory domain servers. 12. Many of the employees also carry tech-wearables e.g. FitBit, smart watches, etc that can be plugged into a computer via a USB port for charging and/or for data transfer. 13. The company has several employees in the United States and several in the European Union region (EU) e.g. two of them are in Germany. 14. Your task, as an attorney and a trained forensic investigator, is to supervise a digital forensics investigation to see whether you can prepare a case against the perpetrators. 15. This task may require investigating all employees including emails, the network, mobile devices, computers, etc. 16. In addition to overseeing an investigation you are asked to advise the company of its legal rights e.g. what the company may or may not do especially if you are planning to collect devices or emails. Deliverables Your deliverable in this assignment is a 2-page report (no more than 3 pages please) discussing how you would approach the following Digital Forensic Investigation. As part of this report you should also: 1. Outline and discuss the methodology that you will use. 2. Provide a reasoned argument as to why the particular methodology (or methodologies) chosen is relevant. 3. Identify key facts and identify key considerations to consider
  • 8. from a technical / forensic standpoint that the company should consider. 4. Identify key facts and identify key considerations to consider from a legal standpoint that the company should consider. 5. Discuss in detail (step by step) the process that you will use to collect evidence and discuss the relevant guidelines that need to be followed when collecting digital evidence. 6. Be sure to back your reasoning with case law as applicable. Scott’s Hints 1. Spend some time thinking about how you want to frame this. 2. Look at your textbooks – and the chapters covered. Perhaps that would give you a good roadmap. 3. There are many obvious and non-obvious devices here. Spend some time listing there as well as perhaps think of others that may be included (but was not explicitly) called out. 4. Refresh your memory on the order of volatility, this may help you prioritize. 5. Are there some potential resources that I did not include in this fact pattern, but you think should be considered (one good example might be capture of email accounts from the back-end e.g. Exchange server). Why did I assign you this? Many real-world cybersecurity incidents have a lot of moving parts and you may be asked to quickly formulate a plan while ensuring it has a legal foundation. This is a good exercise as to how you can learn to put everything together. In addition, I think this might make a great interview segment for you where you can demonstrate to a potential employer of how much you have learned! This is also an open-ended assignment so many of you may approach this differently. This is fine so long you are mindful of the important forensic principles that we have learned together.
  • 9. Villanova University College of Professional Studies Page 1 of 18 Case Study: Lean Process Improvement – Nova Point Tina Agustiady Certified Six Sigma Master Black Belt Villanova University College of Professional Studies Page 2 of 18 Executive Summary Nova Point is a growing product for a main ice cream factory named Uncle T’s.
  • 10. The product is selling extremely well, and sales have been rising for the past year. Over the past year, even with the increase of sales, there has also been an increase in complaints for thick or thin ice cream. Customers felt that some ice cream was too thick and lost the fluffy texture, while others had thin ice cream that melted too quickly in their mouth, which made it feel like a liquid. Poor quality of the Nova Point causes thick or thin product, resulting in major variation in product due to materials, methods, machinery, measurements, manpower, and Mother Nature. The product is made in two main factories, but the main problems are significantly coming from one factory. The product with the problems is made on a production line where the temperature is warm within the factory. They are also scrapping a great amount of product due to it now being inedible. It goes through
  • 11. a series of processes – mainly kettles, where raw materials enter and then go through a series of mixing steps. The materials are then pumped out onto a production line and thereafter packaged. The current first pass quality is 91%, and there are many holds on the product due to thick or thin product that is held within the factory before it is sent to the customer. The goal of the project is to: Villanova University College of Professional Studies Page 3 of 18 Methodology ing specifications for ingredients.
  • 12. and/or upgrades. What Is Lean? Lean is the pursuit of perfection via a systematic approach to identifying and eliminating waste through continuous improvement of the value stream, enabling the product or information to flow at a rate determined by the pull of the customer. Figure 1. Lean System Identify Value Map the Value Stream Create Flow Establish Pull
  • 13. Seek Perfection Villanova University College of Professional Studies Page 4 of 18 Introduction Tina Agustiady – Continuous Improvement Leader Tom Jones – Operator Michelle VanHutson – Operator John George – Production Engineer Nancy Feller – Maintenance Coordinator Todd Peterson – Plant Manager and Project Champion Andy Myers – Executive Sponsor Master Black Belt – Michael Bell The team was selected based on knowledge and expertise of the process. The team did a great job and was proficient and organized during the project. Identify Value
  • 14. A project charter was mapped out to show responsible personnel, problem statements, goals, and timelines. Villanova University College of Professional Studies Page 5 of 18 Deliverable Module 3 Please fill out a project charter from the Excel templates provided. Figure 2. Project Charter PROJECT CHARTER PURPOSE The purpose of the Continuous Improvement project is to pilot the CI foundation in a factory utilizing a structured approach and being able to benchmark the findings across processes. We want to identify where we can add value, and this can be seen through the project charter.
  • 15. PROJECT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY implementing specifications for ingredients. dized work and train all associates. Phase Start Finish Identify Value Map the Value Stream Create Flow Establish Pull Seek Perfection Organization Approval/Steering Committee Stakeholders & Advisors Project Team & SME's Name Organization Name Organization Name High Level Project Timeline Constraints & Dependencies Project Risks Additional Information Project Goals Project Scope Problem Statement Business Case Project Title: Black Belt Project Champion Executive Sponsor MBB/Mentor
  • 16. Villanova University College of Professional Studies Page 6 of 18 PROJECT OVERVIEW Business justification consists of reducing thin/thick issues associated on the manufacturing line and increasing first pass quality (FPQ). PROJECT GOALS Table 1. Project Goals Goals Objectives Increase FPQ to 99% and reduce holds by 10% with specifications and reduce thick/thin issues. accurate or need to be revised (standard
  • 17. deviations). process and create manual. initial viscosity and temperatures for correlation versus 24-hour viscosity. Table 2. Milestones and Deliverables Milestone Deliverable 1. Conduct training • Identify training date. 2. Create manual • Manual will be for documentation and training purposes. 3. Create preventative maintenance (PMs) for main equipment • PMs will be established, and sign-off sheets will be available. Villanova University College of Professional Studies Page 7 of 18 Milestone Deliverable
  • 18. 4. Benchmark factory with best practices • Determine best in-class process and implement in both manufacturing plants. 5. Reduce holds and consumer concerns by 10% • Determine correlation between holds and consumer concerns. 6. Determine root causes of each hold and consumer concern and document action plan • Ongoing 7. Maintain consumer concerns under 2.5M pounds, focusing on v-line • Ongoing 8. Reduce material waste from icings and v-line back to 2018 levels or better
  • 19. • Ongoing 9. Improve consistency and reduce variation from v-line process • Ongoing A control plan will be completed at the end of the project. A process map was drawn out in order to visually see each of the process steps as they occur. Deliverable Module 4 Please complete a high-level process map of the current process using the Excel template provided. The process is defined as the following: • Placing icing in Kettle 1 • Completing a shortening quality check • Icing being transferred to Kettle 2 Villanova University
  • 20. College of Professional Studies Page 8 of 18 • Completing a viscosity check • Transfer product to final assembly • Final quality check • Package product • Process map Conclusion of Identify Value The Identify Value step showed that the processes committed by Nova Point are important to the customers and the business. A high-level process map was completed in order to more fully understand the steps. The project team now has a baseline to begin to map the value stream. Map the Value Stream The goals of mapping the value stream were to determine the key factors for variation issues, machine issues, and variation in Nova Point process through
  • 21. statistical analysis and graphical analysis. The goal of the project is to increase first pass quality from 91% to 99%, and to reduce holds by 10%. A SIPOC was performed to see the high-level process inputs, outputs, and process steps. Deliverable Module 4 Please complete: • A SIPOC utilizing the Excel template provided • A high-level Value Stream Map utilizing the Excel template provided A cause-and-effect diagram was created to identify different variables that play a part in the process. This was done for the Nova Point thin and thick holds. Villanova University College of Professional Studies Page 9 of 18 Root cause analysis includes a very structured approach to investigating issues for a
  • 22. permanent fix of the problem. What is sought is the true cause of the problem, which most people mistake for short-term fixes. Putting guards in place on manufacturing lines as well as properly placing buckets in order to eliminate waste are examples of short fixes. The problem still occurs, but there is just a measure put in place to try and eliminate the waste. The prevention of the problem from occurring is not fixed. Even though assumptions are utilized for root cause analysis, they should be backed up with documentation and data. Data driven conclusions should be made when assuming problems. Cause-and-effect diagrams are used to examine effects of problems by exploring the possible causes and to point out possible areas where data can be collected. They are performed to find potential solutions to a problem by looking for the root cause(s). Steps to Conducting a Fishbone or Cause-and-Effect Diagram
  • 23. 1. Brainstorm all possible causes of the problem or effect selected. • The initial objective is to achieve quantity of ideas rather than quality of ideas. One person’s idea can trigger someone else’s idea, and a chain reaction will occur. • No criticism is allowed; all team members must participate. 2. Classify the major causes under the following categories: • Manpower • Machinery • Method Villanova University College of Professional Studies Page 10 of 18 • Measurement • Material • Mother Nature (environment)
  • 24. Deliverable Module 5 Please complete a cause and effect diagram using the Excel template provided. A pareto was completed to see what the biggest reasons were for having quality problems. The following information was found: Table 3. Occurrences by Category Categories Number of Occurrences Water in pipe 55 Liquid sucrose 25 Supplier providing out of spec materials 48 Clean out water not purged 32 Quality of shortening 41 Deliverable Module 5 Please complete a Pareto chart with the information given using the Excel template provided. It could automatically be seen according to the Pareto chart that the water in the pipe needed to be dealt with along with product specifications and the quality of the shortening. Finally, specifications were gathered to ensure the process was
  • 25. on target: tory B has wider specs for viscosity due to different uses. Villanova University College of Professional Studies Page 11 of 18 – 600,000 cps viscosity of 320,000 – 512,000 cps Conclusion of Map the Value Stream Data was taken for as many parameters as possible before changing any variables. It was found that piping was making a significant impact on the process, and analysis needed to be completed for that. The following was accomplished: • Process mapping • Data gathering
  • 26. • Cause-and-effect diagram • Root cause analysis • Pareto chart Create Flow It could automatically be seen that the water in the pipe needed to be dealt with along with product specifications and the quality of the shortening. The team did a 5 Whys analysis to understand why the water was clogging in the pipe shown in the figure below. Villanova University College of Professional Studies Page 12 of 18 Figure 3. Water Pipe Deliverable Module 5 Please complete a 5 Whys analysis on the water in the pipe issue using the
  • 27. Excel template provided. It was important to understand the types of waste that were occurring in the process. The team decided to do a floor walk (Gemba walk) to find the main types of waste associated with the acronym DOWNTIME. Deliverable Module 6 Please complete the Waste Walk tab in the Excel template provided. Be creative here; there are no right or wrong answers. Conclusion of Create Flow In Lean management, flow is a key concept. Since any kind of waiting is a waste, when creating a flow of value, your goal is to ensure smooth delivery from the second you receive an order to the moment when you deliver it to the customer. Hints to improving flow: • Map the process. Villanova University College of Professional Studies
  • 28. Page 13 of 18 • Talk to subject matter experts about issues. • Identify all types of different waste in the current process. • Map an ideal state – the perfect process. • Develop an action plan. • Actively monitor the new processes put into place by creating performance measures. • Think about places where batch processing can be changed to single piece flow. Establish Pull The team decided to change the piping so that water could flow quicker through the piping to make more consistent product that was in specification. The extra water in the pipe could make the product thin by dispersing too much water from the pipe or too thick by not having enough water because it was stuck in the pipe. The changes to the piping were made immediately. Figure 4. Changes to Piping
  • 29. Ensure Pipe from Pipe #1 to Product is purged and has no residual water Changed pitchRemoved sweep Villanova University College of Professional Studies Page 14 of 18 Since the temperature of 235 degrees in Factory A seemed to have better specifications than Factory B at a lower temperature, we decided to benchmark and make a standard operating procedure to heat the product to 235 degrees. The team noticed that all of the raw ingredients were brought to the line at the beginning of the shift. This caused some of the ingredients to start melting before they were put in the kettle. Conclusion of Establish Pull Many opportunities were identified, and action items were completed to improve the
  • 30. variation issues for Nova Point. More opportunities will continue to be sought once proper practices such as the ones stated in the control phase continue to be ensured. -way valve of pipe and consistently es to Benchmark Factory A The three major variables are listed below: Variable 1 – Piping • After several tests and data analysis, the thin and thick issues were minimized after the piping changes. Variable 2 – Specifications for Thin or Thick Product • Specifications were determined for thin or thick product. • We also spoke to the supplier and changed our specification ranges with them saying we would no longer take any raw material out of specification because it was ruining our reputation.
  • 31. Variable 3 – Temperatures Villanova University College of Professional Studies Page 15 of 18 • The temperature of 235 degrees in Factory A seemed to have better specifications than Factory B at a lower temperature. Deliverable Module 6 Please choose which variable(s), if any, are key factor(s) for the root cause of the thick/thin product issue. Seek Perfection The following is a control plan is a document that: • Provides “one-stop shopping” for a summary of your team’s project. • Helps others understand what was done. • Is used to build on without having to reinvent the wheel. • Allows for replication. • Is a final list of the Xs (input variables) and Ys (output
  • 32. variables). • Exists solely to ensure that we consistently operate our processes such that product meets customer requirements. There are several basic steps to completing a control plan: 1. Collect existing documentation for the process. 2. Determine the scope of the process for the current control plan. 3. Form teams to update the control plan regularly. 4. Replace short-term capability studies with long-term capability results. 5. Complete control plan summaries. 6. Identify missing or inadequate components or gaps. 7. Review training, maintenance, and operational action plans. 8. Assign tasks to team members. Villanova University College of Professional Studies Page 16 of 18
  • 33. 9. Verify compliance of actual procedures with documented procedures. 10. Train or retrain operators. 11. Collect signoffs from all departments. 12. Verify effectiveness with long-term capabilities. A control plan ensures consistency while eliminating variation in the system. Control plans help people because they sustain processes that were put in place. Deliverable Module 7 Please complete a control plan stating how you will sustain the improvements made using the Excel template provided. The team decided to setup a Kanban system in order to have the ingredients come to the line at the proper temperature and just in time for them to use them. Deliverable Module 7 Please complete the Kanban cards by filling out the following information: • Part description/picture if applicable • Part number • Profile
  • 34. • Quantity • Lead time • Due date • Supplier • Location • Card number (generally two Kanban cards: 1 of 2 and 2 of 2) Villanova University College of Professional Studies Page 17 of 18 The audit checklist will continually be audited to ensure the manufacturing groups are on track. Deliverable Module 7 Please complete an audit checklist to ensure the process stays in a sustainable manner. Figure 5. Audit Checklist
  • 35. Conclusion to Project One main change was made to minimize variation, and this involved the piping. The water was being trapped in a pipe, making the product thick or thin based on when the water purged from the pipe. The pipe was changed and immediately fixed the problems. A standard deviation change was also implemented to ensure customers were getting in-spec products. The standard deviation was centered. The temperature Target Area: Statement of Audit Objective: Auditor: Audit Date: Audit Technique Auditable Item, Observation, Procedure etc. Observation Have all associates been trained? YES NO Observation Is training documentation available? YES NO Observation Is training documentation current? YES NO Observation Are associates wearing proper safety gear? YES NO Observation Are SOP's available? YES NO Observation Are SOP's current? YES NO Observation Is quality being measured YES NO Observation Is sampling being conducted in random fashion YES NO Observation Is sampling meeting it's sample size target? YES NO Observation Are control charts in control YES NO Observation Are control charts current? YES NO Observation Is the process capability index >1.0? YES NO
  • 36. #DIV/0! Auditor Comments Audit Checklist Individual Auditor Rating (Circle Rating) Number of Out of Compliance Observations Total Observations Audit Yield Corrective Actions Required Villanova University College of Professional Studies Page 18 of 18 seemed to be an issue, and training was completed to ensure everyone was heating the product to the same temperature. Preventative maintenance and training ensure the variation is minimized and continues monthly and quarterly. The successes of the project are as follows:
  • 37. the process. Lean Six Sigma Tools Used Executive SummaryMethodologyWhat Is Lean?IntroductionIdentify ValueDeliverable Module 3PROJECT CHARTER PURPOSEPROJECT EXECUTIVE SUMMARYPROJECT OVERVIEWPROJECT GOALSDeliverable Module 4Conclusion of Identify ValueMap the Value StreamDeliverable Module 4Steps to Conducting a Fishbone or Cause-and-Effect DiagramDeliverable Module
  • 38. 5Deliverable Module 5Conclusion of Map the Value StreamCreate FlowDeliverable Module 5Deliverable Module 6Conclusion of Create FlowEstablish PullConclusion of Establish PullDeliverable Module 6Seek PerfectionDeliverable Module 7Deliverable Module 7Deliverable Module 7Conclusion to Project