PROJECT PROPOSAL 1 OIL AND GAS

RUESS BASSES LONGEMALLE 1204 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND,EUROPEAN UNION
MILITARY QUARTERS,JOHORE CASTLE,81200,JOHORE BHARU,JOHORE,MALAYSIA
TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
PANGIRAN BUDI SERVICE SDN BHD
SC PANGIRAN BUDI SERVICE SRL
13 JUNE 2016
LOAN APPLICATION
DESCRIBE OF PROJECT REQUIRED
DESCRIPTION OF JOB LOAD
DESCRIPTION OF OBJECTIVE REQUIRED
PROJECT PROPOSAL
1. OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT
2. STORAGE TANK OFFSHORE AND ONSHORE
3. BUNKERING FACILITIES OFFSHORE AND
ONSHORE
4. VESSEL SHIPBUILDING AND SHIPREPAIR
5. YACHT BUILDER AND REPAIR STATION
6. FINANCE FACILITIES {LENDER}
7. BANKING FACILITIES {LENDER}
8. GOLD BAR PURCHASER AND STORAGE
FACILITIES
NOTE:::
AMOUNT NEEDED: 5 BILLION EURO DOLLAR
EURO 5,000,000,000.00 WITH ROLL AND EXTENSION

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
I. SUMMARY..............................................................................................................3
II. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................... 3
III. NEEDS/PROBLEMS..............................................................................................3
IV. GOALS/OBJECTIVES...........................................................................................3
V. PROCEDURES/SCOPE OF WORK.................................................................... 3
VI. TIMETABLE........................................................................................................... 3
VII. BUDGET.................................................................................................................. 3
VIII. KEY PERSONNEL.................................................................................................3
IX. EVALUATION........................................................................................................ 3
X. ENDORSEMENTS..................................................................................................3
XI. NEXT STEPS........................................................................................................... 3
XII. APPENDIX...............................................................................................................3

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
SummarySummarySummarySummary
There are many ways to look at the oil and gas industry.
From a personal perspective, oil and gas provide the world's 7 billion people with 60 percent of their daily
energy needs. The other 40 percent comes from coal, nuclear and hydroelectric power, "Renewable s" like wind,
solar and tidal power, and biomass products such as firewood.
As fuels, they keep us warm in cold weather and cool in hot weather; they cook our food and heat our water; they
generate our electricity and power our appliances; and they take us by car, bus, train, ship or plane to places near
and distant. We all feel the economic pinch when the prices of gasoline , home heating fuel or electricity increase
sharply, even though in many developed countries, they still cost less than some brands of bottled water!As
petrochemical feed stocks, oil and gas are the raw materials used to manufacture fertilizers, fabrics, synthetic
rubber and the plastics that go into almost everything we use these days, from toys to personal and household
items to heavy-duty industrial goods.From a business perspective, oil and gas represent global commerce on a
massive scale. World energy markets are continually expanding, and companies spend billions of dollars annually
to maintain and increase their oil and gas production. Over 200 countries have invited companies to negotiate for
the right to explore their lands or territorial waters, hoping that they will find and produce oil and gas, create local
jobs and provide billions of dollars in national revenues.

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
From a geopolitical perspective, large quantities of oil and gas flow daily from "exporting" regions such as the
Middle East, Africa and Latin America to "importing" regions such as North America, Europe and the Far East.
This creates political, trade, economic and even national security concerns on both sides. Oil and gas exporters
want to maximize their revenues and improve their trade balances while maintaining control and sovereignty over
their natural resources. At the same time, importing nations want to minimize trade deficits and ensure a steady,
Reliable oil supply. China, for example, has recognized that it must obtain access to oil in order to continue its
long-term sustained growth and is actively seeking new sources of supply in the major producing companies.
From an internal policy perspective, producing countries continually wrestle with questions of how best to
develop their resources and attain long-term sustainable benefits for their people. At the same time, consuming
countries are always considering how to reduce their dependence on imported oil, either by imposing higher
energy taxes to spur conservation, tapping into domestic resources such as coal (less costly but more polluting
than imported oil) or developing alternative energy sources such as nuclear power.
These issues have major long-term impacts, both within individual countries and on the world at large, even
affecting such fundamental issues as war and peace.Finally, from a health, safety and environmental (HSE)
perspective, there is a continuous concern for safety in oil and gas operations, the impact that new projects have
on surface environments, the possibility of oil spills and the effect of pollutants such as CO2 (carbon dioxide, a
Product of hydrocarbon combustion) on global climate change and air quality.The oil and gas business is clearly a
multifaceted, global industry that impacts all aspects of our lives. And yet it is one that we tend to take for granted
until a crisis emerges-a tanker runs aground, a hurricane damages a refinery, a country changes political leaders or
revises its energy policies. Then we blame "big oil" or OPEC or the politicians or the local service station
attendant before things quiet down again.
In this module, we will learn about the nature of oil and gas, define some basic industry terms and list common
units of measurement and conversion factors. We will introduce the concept of the Oil and Gas Value Chain,

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
and examine its structure and functional relationships. We will then look at sources of oil and gas supply, major
areas of demand, pricing fundamentals, drivers of demand and future trends. Finally, we will identify some of the
key players who make up this dynamic and vibrant industry.
Prices continued to drop in the oil and gas industry in 2015. In less than a year, upstream oil and gas companies
faced a 50 percent drop in revenues. Looking ahead to 2016, we see positive developments that could help the
industry evolve to a better place. Demand, decline, production, and a leaner, stronger industry will all have an
impact. John England, US Oil & Gas leader, Deloitte LLP, provides his take on what happened over the past year,
what didn’t, and the opportunities that lie ahead for the US oil and gas industry.
LookingLookingLookingLooking aheadaheadaheadahead totototo 2016201620162016
WeWeWeWe dodododo seeseeseesee somesomesomesome positivepositivepositivepositive developmentdevelopmentdevelopmentdevelopment thatthatthatthat shouldshouldshouldshould getgetgetget usususus totototo aaaa betterbetterbetterbetter placeplaceplaceplace fromfromfromfrom aaaa pricingpricingpricingpricing perspective:perspective:perspective:perspective:
• Demand: US demand is responding to lower oil prices in the usual let’s-go-buy-a-new-car, or better yet,
a-massive-SUV kind of way. As auto sales go up, expect to see increased US demand. More broadly, Asian
demand, beyond just China is showing strong growth. China itself, despite the stock market jitters of the
summer, remains a huge source of global demand and China’s move to allow two children per family,
rather than one, promises to double the numbers of drivers (and thus, fuel buyers) at some point in the
future. (Let’s just say I used very rough math on this prediction).
• Decline: Why is decline in the hope section? Because natural reservoir production decline, which has
historically been four to five percent globally, means that even without demand growth, the oil and gas
industry must produce another four million barrels per day every year just to keep up with current demand.
This naturally puts upward pressure on pricing.
• Production: As noted above, total US production finally started to decline and that trend is expected to
continue in 2016. More broadly, billions of dollars of investments have been deferred due to the low price

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
environment, which translates to millions of barrels that will not be produced in the years to come. This
sets the stage for a price rally.
• A leaner, stronger industry: More than anything else in business, I believe in the power of free markets.
Just as I believe the high prices of natural gas were a critical impetus for the development of the shale gas
revolution, I believe today’s low crude prices are forcing an equally powerful innovation in the way oil is
being developed and produced. Price forces innovation and I believe we are still in the early stages of what
can be achieved in terms of reducing unit costs of oil production and ultimately increasing unit margin and
achieving higher return on capital employed. The endgame is an oil and gas industry that will be stronger,
leaner, and built to last.
InInInIntroductiontroductiontroductiontroduction
PANGIRANPANGIRANPANGIRANPANGIRAN BUDIBUDIBUDIBUDI SERVICESERVICESERVICESERVICE SDNSDNSDNSDN BHDBHDBHDBHD
SCSCSCSC PANGIRANPANGIRANPANGIRANPANGIRAN BUDIBUDIBUDIBUDI SEVRICESEVRICESEVRICESEVRICE SRLSRLSRLSRL
COMPANY’S INFO:
Date of Submission :
Full Name Of Corporation:
PANGIRAN BUDI SERVICE SDN BHD JVA WITH
LINKRICH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LIMITED
Full Address: KUARTERS TENTERA,ISTANA JOHORE
Phone ¹: +60177430448
Fax ¹: TBA
Email: financialcontractor@gmail.com
Registration ¹: As attached
BENEFICIARY’S INFO:
SIGNATORY’S FULL NAME: FEROZ BIN MUSA
Nationality: MALAYSIA
Passport ¹ (Country): A25895236
Date Of Issue: 20 JANUARY 2012
Date Of Expiration: 23 JUNE 2017
Date of Birth (Place) : JOHORE BHARU ,JOHORE
Residential Address: ISTANA JOHORE
Home Phone ¹: (Mobil) +60177430448
Do you speak English ? Y
Home Fax ¹: TBA
LEGAL REPRESENTATIVE:
Law Firm: TBA
Full Address: TBA
BANKING ORGANIZATION:
Bank Name HSBC HONG KONG

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
Address: 1 QUEENS STREET HONG KONG SAR
Bank Officer: STEPHEN KAI YEUNG LEE
Phone ¹: +852 39411937
Fax ¹ : TBA
Email financialcontractor@gmail.com
Account Name: LINKRICH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LIMITED
Account ¹: 023459159838
Signatory: NAREDLA RAMAKANTH REDDY
Swift Code: HSBCHKHHHKH
Introduction - Introduction To Corporate Finance
Corporate finance is a business's money-related decisions, which are essentially all of a business's decisions.
Despite its name, corporate finance applies to all businesses, not just corporations.The primary goal of corporate
finance is to figure out how to maximize a company's value by making good decisions about investment,
financing and dividends. In other words, how should businesses allocate scarce resources to minimize expenses
and maximize revenues? How should companies acquire these resources - through stock or bonds, owner capital
or bank loans? Finally, what should a company do with its profits? How much should it reinvest into the company,
and how much should it pay out to the business's owners? This walkthrough will explore each of these business
decisions in greater depth.
Introduction - Forms Of Business Organization
A business can be organized in one of several ways, and the form its owners choose will affect the company's and
owners' legal liability and income tax treatment. Here are the most common options and their major defining
characteristics.
Sole Proprietorship
The default option is to be a sole proprietor. With this option there are fewer forms to file than with other business
organizations. The business is structured in such a manner that legal documents are not required to determine how
profit-sharing from business operations will be allocated.
This structure is acceptable if you are the business's sole owner and you do not need to distinguish the business
from yourself. Being a sole proprietor does not preclude you from using a business name that is different from
your own name, however. In a sole proprietorship all profits, losses, assets and liabilities are the direct and sole
responsibility of the owner. Also, the sole proprietor will pay self-employment tax on his or her income.

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
Sole proprietorships are not ideal for high-risk businesses because they put your personal assets at risk. If you are
taking on significant amounts of debt to start your business, if you've gotten into trouble with personal debt in the
past or if your business involves an activity for which you might potentially be sued, then you should choose a
legal structure that will better protect your personal assets. Nolo, a company whose educational books make legal
information accessible to the average person, gives several examples of risky businesses, including businesses that
involve child care, animal care, manufacturing or selling edible goods, repairing items of value, and providing
alcohol. These are just a few examples. There are many other activities that can make your business high risk.
If the risks in your line of work are not very high, a good business insurance policy can provide protection and
peace of mind while allowing you to remain a sole proprietor. One of the biggest advantages of a sole
proprietorship is the ease with which business decisions can be made.
LLC
An LLC is a limited liability company. This business structure protects the owner's personal assets from financial
liability and provides some protection against personal liability. There are situations where an LLC owner can still
be held personally responsible, such as if he intentionally does something fraudulent, reckless or illegal, or if she
fails to adequately separate the activities of the LLC from her personal affairs.
This structure is established under state law, so the rules governing LLCs vary depending on where your business
is located. According to the IRS, most states do not allow banks, insurance companies or nonprofit organizations
to be LLCs.
Because an LLC is a state structure, there are no special federal tax forms for LLCs. An LLC must elect to be
taxed as an individual, partnership or corporation. You will need to file paperwork with the state if you want to
adopt this business structure, and you will need to pay fees that usually range from $100 to $800. In some states,
there is an additional annual fee for being an LLC.
You will also need to name your LLC and file some simple documents, called articles of organization, with your
state. Depending on your state's laws and your business's needs, you may also need to create an LLC operating
agreement that spells out each owner's percentage interest in the business, responsibilities and voting power, as
well as how profits and losses will be shared and what happens if an owner wants to sell her interest in the
business. You may also have to publish a notice in your local newspaper stating that you are forming an LLC.
Corporation
Like the LLC, the corporate structure distinguishes the business entity from its owner and can reduce liability.
However, it is considered more complicated to run a corporation because of tax, accounting, record keeping and
paperwork requirements. Unless you want to have shareholders or your potential clients will only do business with
a corporation, it may not be logical to establish your business as a corporation from the start - an LLC may be a
better choice.
The steps for establishing a corporation are very similar to the steps for establishing an LLC. You will need to
choose a business name, appoint directors, file articles of incorporation, pay filing fees and follow any other
specific state/national requirements.

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
There are two types of corporations: C corporations (C corps) and S corporations (S corps). C corporations are
considered separate tax-paying entities. C corps file their own income tax returns, and income earned remains in
the corporation until it is paid as a salary or wages to the corporation's officers and employees. Corporate income
is often taxed at lower rates than personal income, so you can save money on taxes by leaving money in the
corporation.If you're only making enough to get by, however, this won't help you because you'll need to pay
almost all of the corporation's earnings to yourself. If the corporation has shareholders, corporate earnings become
subject to double taxation in the sense that income earned by the corporation is taxed and dividends distributed to
shareholders are also taxed. However, if you are a one-person corporation, you don't have to worry about double
taxation.
S corporations are pass-through entities, meaning that their income, losses, deductions and credits pass through the
company and become the direct responsibility of the company's shareholders. The shareholders report these items
on their personal income tax returns, thus S corps avoid the income double taxation that is associated with C corps.
All shareholders must sign IRS form 2553 to make the business an S corp for tax purposes. The IRS also requires
S corps to meet the following requirements:
• Be a domestic corporation
• Have only allowable shareholders, including individuals, certain trusts and estates
• Not include partnerships, corporations or non-resident alien shareholders
• Have no more than 100 shareholders
• Have one class of stock
• Not be an ineligible corporation (i.e., certain financial institutions, insurance companies and domestic
international sales corporations)
General Partnerships, Limited Partnerships (LP) and Limited Liability Partnerships (LLP)
A partnership is a structure appropriate to use if you are not going to be the sole owner of your new business.
In a general partnership, all partners are personally liable for business debts, any partner can be held totally
responsible for the business and any partner can make decisions that affect the whole business.
In a limited partnership, one partner is responsible for decision-making and can be held personally liable for
business debts. The other partner merely invests in the business. Although the general structure of limited
partnerships can vary, each individual is liable only to the extent of their invested capital.
LLPs are most commonly used by professionals such as doctors and lawyers. The LLP structure protects each
partner's personal assets and each partner from debts or liability incurred by the other partners. Different states
have varying regulations regarding these establishments of which business owners must take note.
Partnerships must file information returns with the IRS, but they do not file separate tax returns. For tax purposes,
the partnership's profits or losses pass through to its owners, so a partnership's income is taxed at the individual
level. LPs and LLPs are also state entities and must file paperwork and pay fees similar to those involved in

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
establishing an LLC.
Regardless of the way a business is structured, its owners will have the same overarching goals when it comes to
the company's financial management.
IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction ---- TypesTypesTypesTypes OfOfOfOf FinancialFinancialFinancialFinancial MarketsMarketsMarketsMarkets AndAndAndAnd TheirTheirTheirTheir RolesRolesRolesRoles
A financial market is a broad term describing any marketplace where buyers and sellers participate in the trade of
assets such as equities, bonds, currencies and derivatives. Financial markets are typically defined by having
transparent pricing, basic regulations on trading, costs and fees, and market forces determining the prices of
securities that trade.
Financial markets can be found in nearly every nation in the world. Some are very small, with only a few
participants, while others - like the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the forex markets - trade trillions of
dollars daily.
Investors have access to a large number of financial markets and exchanges representing a vast array of financial
products. Some of these markets have always been open to private investors; others remained the exclusive
domain of major international banks and financial professionals until the very end of the twentieth century.
Capital Markets
A capital market is one in which individuals and institutions trade financial securities. Organizations and
institutions in the public and private sectors also often sell securities on the capital markets in order to raise funds.
Thus, this type of market is composed of both the primary and secondary markets.
Any government or corporation requires capital (funds) to finance its operations and to engage in its own
long-term investments. To do this, a company raises money through the sale of securities - stocks and bonds in the
company's name. These are bought and sold in the capital markets.
Stock Markets
Stock markets allow investors to buy and sell shares in publicly traded companies. They are one of the most vital
areas of a market economy as they provide companies with access to capital and investors with a slice of
ownership in the company and the potential of gains based on the company's future performance.
This market can be split into two main sections: the primary market and the secondary market. The primary
market is where new issues are first offered, with any subsequent trading going on in the secondary market.
Bond Markets
A bond is a debt investment in which an investor loans money to an entity (corporate or governmental), which
borrows the funds for a defined period of time at a fixed interest rate. Bonds are used by companies, municipalities,
states and U.S. and foreign governments to finance a variety of projects and activities. Bonds can be bought and
sold by investors on credit markets around the world. This market is alternatively referred to as the debt, credit or

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
fixed-income market. It is much larger in nominal terms that the world's stock markets. The main categories of
bonds are corporate bonds, municipal bonds, and U.S. Treasury bonds, notes and bills, which are collectively
referred to as simply "Treasuries." (For more, see the Bond Basics Tutorial.)
Money Market
The money market is a segment of the financial market in which financial instruments with high liquidity and very
short maturities are traded. The money market is used by participants as a means for borrowing and lending in the
short term, from several days to just under a year. Money market securities consist of negotiable certificates of
deposit (CDs), banker's acceptances, U.S. Treasury bills, commercial paper, municipal notes, eurodollars, federal
funds and repurchase agreements (repos). Money market investments are also called cash investments because of
their short maturities.
The money market is used by a wide array of participants, from a company raising money by selling commercial
paper into the market to an investor purchasing CDs as a safe place to park money in the short term. The money
market is typically seen as a safe place to put money due the highly liquid nature of the securities and short
maturities. Because they are extremely conservative, money market securities offer significantly lower returns
than most other securities. However, there are risks in the money market that any investor needs to be aware of,
including the risk of default on securities such as commercial paper. (To learn more, read our Money Market
Tutorial.)
Cash or Spot Market
Investing in the cash or "spot" market is highly sophisticated, with opportunities for both big losses and big gains.
In the cash market, goods are sold for cash and are delivered immediately. By the same token, contracts bought
and sold on the spot market are immediately effective. Prices are settled in cash "on the spot" at current market
prices. This is notably different from other markets, in which trades are determined at forward prices.
The cash market is complex and delicate, and generally not suitable for inexperienced traders. The cash markets
tend to be dominated by so-called institutional market players such as hedge funds, limited partnerships and
corporate investors. The very nature of the products traded requires access to far-reaching, detailed information
and a high level of macroeconomic analysis and trading skills.
Derivatives Markets
The derivative is named so for a reason: its value is derived from its underlying asset or assets. A derivative is a
contract, but in this case the contract price is determined by the market price of the core asset. If that sounds
complicated, it's because it is. The derivatives market adds yet another layer of complexity and is therefore not
ideal for inexperienced traders looking to speculate. However, it can be used quite effectively as part of a risk
management program. (To get to know derivatives, read The Barnyard Basics Of Derivatives.)
Examples of common derivatives are forwards, futures, options, swaps and contracts-for-difference (CFDs). Not
only are these instruments complex but so too are the strategies deployed by this market's participants. There are
also many derivatives, structured products and collateralized obligations available, mainly in the over-the-counter
(non-exchange) market, that professional investors, institutions and hedge fund managers use to varying degrees
but that play an insignificant role in private investing.

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
Forex and the Interbank Market
The interbank market is the financial system and trading of currencies among banks and financial institutions,
excluding retail investors and smaller trading parties. While some interbank trading is performed by banks on
behalf of large customers, most interbank trading takes place from the banks' own accounts.
The forex market is where currencies are traded. The forex market is the largest, most liquid market in the world
with an average traded value that exceeds $1.9 trillion per day and includes all of the currencies in the world. The
forex is the largest market in the world in terms of the total cash value traded, and any person, firm or country may
participate in this market.
There is no central marketplace for currency exchange; trade is conducted over the counter. The forex market is
open 24 hours a day, five days a week and currencies are traded worldwide among the major financial centers of
London, New York, Tokyo, Z 眉 rich, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Singapore, Paris and Sydney.
Until recently, forex trading in the currency market had largely been the domain of large financial institutions,
corporations, central banks, hedge funds and extremely wealthy individuals. The emergence of the internet has
changed all of this, and now it is possible for average investors to buy and sell currencies easily with the click of a
mouse through online brokerage accounts. (For further reading, see The Foreign Exchange Interbank Market.)
Primary Markets vs. Secondary Markets
A primary market issues new securities on an exchange. Companies, governments and other groups obtain
financing through debt or equity based securities. Primary markets, also known as "new issue markets," are
facilitated by underwriting groups, which consist of investment banks that will set a beginning price range for a
given security and then oversee its sale directly to investors.
The primary markets are where investors have their first chance to participate in a new security issuance. The
issuing company or group receives cash proceeds from the sale, which is then used to fund operations or expand
the business. (For more on the primary market, see our IPO Basics Tutorial.)
The secondary market is where investors purchase securities or assets from other investors, rather than from
issuing companies themselves. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) registers securities prior to their
primary issuance, then they start trading in the secondary market on the New York Stock Exchange, Nasdaq or
other venue where the securities have been accepted for listing and trading. (To learn more about the primary and
secondary market, read Markets Demystified.)
The secondary market is where the bulk of exchange trading occurs each day. Primary markets can see increased
volatility over secondary markets because it is difficult to accurately gauge investor demand for a new security
until several days of trading have occurred. In the primary market, prices are often set beforehand, whereas in the
secondary market only basic forces like supply and demand determine the price of the security.
Secondary markets exist for other securities as well, such as when funds, investment banks or entities such as
Fannie Mae purchase mortgages from issuing lenders. In any secondary market trade, the cash proceeds go to an

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
investor rather than to the underlying company/entity directly. (To learn more about primary and secondary
markets, read A Look at Primary and Secondary Markets.)
The OTC Market
The over-the-counter (OTC) market is a type of secondary market also referred to as a dealer market. The term
"over-the-counter" refers to stocks that are not trading on a stock exchange such as the Nasdaq, NYSE or
American Stock Exchange (AMEX). This generally means that the stock trades either on the over-the-counter
bulletin board (OTCBB) or the pink sheets. Neither of these networks is an exchange; in fact, they describe
themselves as providers of pricing information for securities. OTCBB and pink sheet companies have far fewer
regulations to comply with than those that trade shares on a stock exchange. Most securities that trade this way are
penny stocks or are from very small companies.
Third and Fourth Markets
You might also hear the terms "third" and "fourth markets." These don't concern individual investors because they
involve significant volumes of shares to be transacted per trade. These markets deal with transactions between
broker-dealers and large institutions through over-the-counter electronic networks. The third market comprises
OTC transactions between broker-dealers and large institutions. The fourth market is made up of transactions that
take place between large institutions. The main reason these third and fourth market transactions occur is to avoid
placing these orders through the main exchange, which could greatly affect the price of the security. Because
access to the third and fourth markets is limited, their activities have little effect on the average investor.
Financial institutions and financial markets help firms raise money. They can do this by taking out a loan from a
bank and repaying it with interest, issuing bonds to borrow money from investors that will be repaid at a fixed
interest rate, or offering investors partial ownership in the company and a claim on its residual cash flows in the
form of stock.
Introduction - Goals Of Financial Management
All businesses aim to maximize their profits, minimize their expenses and maximize their market share. Here is a
look at each of these goals.
Maximize Profits A company's most important goal is to make money and keep it. Profit-margin ratios are one
way to measure how much money a company squeezes from its total revenue or total sales.
There are three key profit-margin ratios: gross profit margin, operating profit margin and net profit margin.
1. Gross Profit Margin
The gross profit margin tells us the profit a company makes on its cost of sales or cost of goods sold. In other
words, it indicates how efficiently management uses labor and supplies in the production process.
Gross Profit Margin = (Sales - Cost of Goods Sold)/Sales

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
Suppose that a company has $1 million in sales and the cost of its labor and materials amounts to $600,000. Its
gross margin rate would be 40% ($1 million - $600,000/$1 million).
The gross profit margin is used to analyze how efficiently a company is using its raw materials, labor and
manufacturing-related fixed assets to generate profits. A higher margin percentage is a favorable profit indicator.
Gross profit margins can vary drastically from business to business and from industry to industry. For instance, the
airline industry has a gross margin of about 5%, while the software industry has a gross margin of about 90%.
2. Operating Profit Margin
By comparing earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) to sales, operating profit margins show how successful a
company's management has been at generating income from the operation of the business:
Operating Profit Margin = EBIT/Sales
If EBIT amounted to $200,000 and sales equaled $1 million, the operating profit margin would be 20%.
This ratio is a rough measure of the operating leverage a company can achieve in the conduct of the operational
part of its business. It indicates how much EBIT is generated per dollar of sales. High operating profits can mean
the company has effective control of costs, or that sales are increasing faster than operating costs. Positive and
negative trends in this ratio are, for the most part, directly attributable to management decisions.
Because the operating profit margin accounts for not only costs of materials and labor, but also administration and
selling costs, it should be a much smaller figure than the gross margin.
3. Net Profit Margin
Net profit margins are those generated from all phases of a business, including taxes. In other words, this ratio
compares net income with sales. It comes as close as possible to summing up in a single figure how effectively
managers run the business:
Net Profit Margins = Net Profits after Taxes/Sales
If a company generates after-tax earnings of $100,000 on its $1 million of sales, then its net margin amounts to
10%.
Often referred to simply as a company's profit margin, the so-called bottom line is the most often mentioned when
discussing a company's profitability.
Again, just like gross and operating profit margins, net margins vary between industries. By comparing a
company's gross and net margins, we can get a good sense of its non-production and non-direct costs like
administration, finance and marketing costs.

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
For example, the international airline industry has a gross margin of just 5%. Its net margin is just a tad lower, at
about 4%. On the other hand, discount airline companies have much higher gross and net margin numbers. These
differences provide some insight into these industries' distinct cost structures: compared to its bigger, international
cousins, the discount airline industry spends proportionately more on things like finance, administration and
marketing, and proportionately less on items such as fuel and flight crew salaries.
In the software business, gross margins are very high, while net profit margins are considerably lower. This shows
that marketing and administration costs in this industry are very high, while cost of sales and operating costs are
relatively low.
When a company has a high profit margin, it usually means that it also has one or more advantages over its
competition. Companies with high net profit margins have a bigger cushion to protect themselves during the hard
times. Companies with low profit margins can get wiped out in a downturn. And companies with profit margins
reflecting a competitive advantage are able to improve their market share during the hard times, leaving them even
better positioned when things improve again.
Like all ratios, margin ratios never offer perfect information. They are only as good as the timeliness and accuracy
of the financial data that gets fed into them, and analyzing them also depends on a consideration of the company's
industry and its position in the business cycle. Margins tell us a lot about a company's prospects, but not the whole
story.
Minimize Costs
Companies use cost controls to manage and/or reduce their business expenses. By identifying and evaluating all of
the business's expenses, management can determine whether those costs are reasonable and affordable. Then, if
necessary, they can look for ways to reduce costs through methods such as cutting back, moving to a less
expensive plan or changing service providers. The cost-control process seeks to manage expenses ranging from
phone, internet and utility bills to employee payroll and outside professional services.
To be profitable, companies must not only earn revenues, but also control costs. If costs are too high, profit
margins will be too low, making it difficult for a company to succeed against its competitors. In the case of a
public company, if costs are too high, the company may find that its share price is depressed and that it is difficult
to attract investors.
When examining whether costs are reasonable or unreasonable, it's important to consider industry standards.
Many firms examine their costs during the drafting of their annual budgets.
Maximize Market Share
Market share is calculated by taking a company's sales over a given period and dividing it by the total sales of its
industry over the same period. This metric provides a general idea of a company's size relative to its market and its
competitors. Companies are always looking to expand their share of the market, in addition to trying to grow the
size of the total market by appealing to larger demographics, lowering prices or through advertising. Market share
increases can allow a company to achieve greater scale in its operations and improve profitability.

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
The size of a market is always in flux, but the rate of change depends on whether the market is growing or mature.
Market share increases and decreases can be a sign of the relative competitiveness of the company's products or
services. As the total market for a product or service grows, a company that is maintaining its market share is
growing revenues at the same rate as the total market. A company that is growing its market share will be growing
its revenues faster than its competitors. Technology companies often operate in a growth market, while consumer
goods companies generally operate in a mature market.
New companies that are starting from scratch can experience fast gains in market share. Once a company achieves
a large market share, however, it will have a more difficult time growing its sales because there aren't as many
potential customers available.
Introduction - The Agency Problem
An agency relationship occurs when a principal hires an agent to perform some duty. A conflict, known as an
"agency problem," arises when there is a conflict of interest between the needs of the principal and the needs of
the agent.
In finance, there are two primary agency relationships:
• Managers and stockholders
• Managers and creditors
1. Stockholders versus Managers
• If the manager owns less than 100% of the firm's common stock, a potential agency problem between
mangers and stockholders exists.
• Managers may make decisions that conflict with the best interests of the shareholders. For example,
managers may grow their firms to escape a takeover attempt to increase their own job security. However, a
takeover may be in the shareholders' best interest.
2. Stockholders versus Creditors
• Creditors decide to loan money to a corporation based on the riskiness of the company, its capital structure
and its potential capital structure. All of these factors will affect the company's potential cash flow, which
is a creditors' main concern.
• Stockholders, however, have control of such decisions through the managers.
• Since stockholders will make decisions based on their best interests, a potential agency problem exists
between the stockholders and creditors. For example, managers could borrow money to repurchase shares
to lower the corporation's share base and increase shareholder return. Stockholders will benefit; however,
creditors will be concerned given the increase in debt that would affect future cash flows.

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
Motivating Managers to Act in Shareholders' Best Interests
There are four primary mechanisms for motivating managers to act in stockholders' best interests:
• Managerial compensation
• Direct intervention by stockholders
• Threat of firing
• Threat of takeovers
1. Managerial Compensation
Managerial compensation should be constructed not only to retain competent managers, but to align managers'
interests with those of stockholders as much as possible.
• This is typically done with an annual salary plus performance bonuses and company shares.
• Company shares are typically distributed to managers either as:
o Performance shares, where managers will receive a certain number shares based on the company's
performance
o Executive stock options, which allow the manager to purchase shares at a future date and price.
With the use of stock options, managers are aligned closer to the interest of the stockholders as they
themselves will be stockholders.
2. Direct Intervention by Stockholders
Today, the majority of a company's stock is owned by large institutional investors, such as mutual funds and
pensions. As such, these large institutional stockholders can exert influence on mangers and, as a result, the firm's
operations.
3. Threat of Firing
If stockholders are unhappy with current management, they can encourage the existing board of directors to
change the existing management, or stockholders may re-elect a new board of directors that will accomplish the
task.
4. Threat of Takeovers
If a stock price deteriorates because of management's inability to run the company effectively, competitors or
stockholders may take a controlling interest in the company and bring in their own managers.
In the next section, we'll examine the financial institutions and financial markets that help companies finance their
operations.

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
Introduction - Types Of Financial Institutions And Their Roles
A financial institution is an establishment that conducts financial transactions such as investments, loans and
deposits. Almost everyone deals with financial institutions on a regular basis. Everything from depositing money
to taking out loans and exchanging currencies must be done through financial institutions. Here is an overview of
some of the major categories of financial institutions and their roles in the financial system.
Commercial Banks
Commercial banks accept deposits and provide security and convenience to their customers. Part of the original
purpose of banks was to offer customers safe keeping for their money. By keeping physical cash at home or in a
wallet, there are risks of loss due to theft and accidents, not to mention the loss of possible income from interest.
With banks, consumers no longer need to keep large amounts of currency on hand; transactions can be handled
with checks, debit cards or credit cards, instead.
Commercial banks also make loans that individuals and businesses use to buy goods or expand business
operations, which in turn leads to more deposited funds that make their way to banks. If banks can lend money at a
higher interest rate than they have to pay for funds and operating costs, they make money.
Banks also serve often under-appreciated roles as payment agents within a country and between nations. Not only
do banks issue debit cards that allow account holders to pay for goods with the swipe of a card, they can also
arrange wire transfers with other institutions. Banks essentially underwrite financial transactions by lending their
reputation and credibility to the transaction; a check is basically just a promissory note between two people, but
without a bank's name and information on that note, no merchant would accept it. As payment agents, banks make
commercial transactions much more convenient; it is not necessary to carry around large amounts of physical
currency when merchants will accept the checks, debit cards or credit cards that banks provide.
Investment Banks
The stock market crash of 1929 and ensuing Great Depression caused the United States government to increase
financial market regulation. The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 resulted in the separation of investment banking from
commercial banking.
While investment banks may be called "banks," their operations are far different than deposit-gathering
commercial banks. An investment bank is a financial intermediary that performs a variety of services for
businesses and some governments. These services include underwriting debt and equity offerings, acting as an
intermediary between an issuer of securities and the investing public, making markets, facilitating mergers and
other corporate reorganizations, and acting as a broker for institutional clients. They may also provide research
and financial advisory services to companies. As a general rule, investment banks focus on initial public offerings
(IPOs) and large public and private share offerings. Traditionally, investment banks do not deal with the general
public. However, some of the big names in investment banking, such as JP Morgan Chase, Bank of America and
Citigroup, also operate commercial banks. Other past and present investment banks you may have heard of include
Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs, Lehman Brothers and First Boston.
Generally speaking, investment banks are subject to less regulation than commercial banks. While investment

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
banks operate under the supervision of regulatory bodies, like the Securities and Exchange Commission, FINRA,
and the U.S. Treasury, there are typically fewer restrictions when it comes to maintaining capital ratios or
introducing new products.
Insurance Companies
Insurance companies pool risk by collecting premiums from a large group of people who want to protect
themselves and/or their loved ones against a particular loss, such as a fire, car accident, illness, lawsuit, disability
or death. Insurance helps individuals and companies manage risk and preserve wealth. By insuring a large number
of people, insurance companies can operate profitably and at the same time pay for claims that may arise.
Insurance companies use statistical analysis to project what their actual losses will be within a given class. They
know that not all insured individuals will suffer losses at the same time or at all.
Brokerages
A brokerage acts as an intermediary between buyers and sellers to facilitate securities transactions. Brokerage
companies are compensated via commission after the transaction has been successfully completed. For example,
when a trade order for a stock is carried out, an individual often pays a transaction fee for the brokerage company's
efforts to execute the trade.
A brokerage can be either full service or discount. A full service brokerage provides investment advice, portfolio
management and trade execution. In exchange for this high level of service, customers pay significant
commissions on each trade. Discount brokers allow investors to perform their own investment research and make
their own decisions. The brokerage still executes the investor's trades, but since it doesn't provide the other
services of a full-service brokerage, its trade commissions are much smaller.
Investment Companies
An investment company is a corporation or a trust through which individuals invest in diversified, professionally
managed portfolios of securities by pooling their funds with those of other investors. Rather than purchasing
combinations of individual stocks and bonds for a portfolio, an investor can purchase securities indirectly through
a package product like a mutual fund.
There are three fundamental types of investment companies: unit investment trusts (UITs), face amount certificate
companies and managed investment companies. All three types have the following things in common:
• An undivided interest in the fund proportional to the number of shares held
• Diversification in a large number of securities
• Professional management
• Specific investment objectives
Let's take a closer look at each type of investment company.
Unit Investment Trusts (UITs)
A unit investment trust, or UIT, is a company established under an indenture or similar agreement. It has the
following characteristics:

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
• The management of the trust is supervised by a trustee.
• Unit investment trusts sell a fixed number of shares to unit holders, who receive a proportionate share of
net income from the underlying trust.
• The UIT security is redeemable and represents an undivided interest in a specific portfolio of securities.
• The portfolio is merely supervised, not managed, as it remains fixed for the life of the trust. In other words,
there is no day-to-day management of the portfolio.
Face Amount Certificates
A face amount certificate company issues debt certificates at a predetermined rate of interest. Additional
characteristics include:
• Certificate holders may redeem their certificates for a fixed amount on a specified date, or for a specific
surrender value, before maturity.
• Certificates can be purchased either in periodic installments or all at once with a lump-sum payment.
• Face amount certificate companies are almost nonexistent today.
Management Investment Companies
The most common type of investment company is the management investment company, which actively manages
a portfolio of securities to achieve its investment objective. There are two types of management investment
company: closed-end and open-end. The primary differences between the two come down to where investors buy
and sell their shares - in the primary or secondary markets - and the type of securities the investment company
sells.
• Closed-End Investment Companies: A closed-end investment company issues shares in a one-time public
offering. It does not continually offer new shares, nor does it redeem its shares like an open-end investment
company. Once shares are issued, an investor may purchase them on the open market and sell them in the
same way. The market value of the closed-end fund's shares will be based on supply and demand, much
like other securities. Instead of selling at net asset value, the shares can sell at a premium or at a discount to
the net asset value.
• Open-End Investment Companies: Open-end investment companies, also known as mutual funds,
continuously issue new shares. These shares may only be purchased from the investment company and
sold back to the investment company. Mutual funds are discussed in more detail in the Variable Contracts
section.
Read more: Series 26 Exam Guide: Investment Companies
Non bank Financial Institutions
The following institutions are not technically banks but provide some of the same services as banks.
Savings and Loans
Savings and loan associations, also known as S&Ls or thrifts, resemble banks in many respects. Most consumers
don't know the differences between commercial banks and S&Ls. By law, savings and loan companies must have

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
65% or more of their lending in residential mortgages, though other types of lending is allowed.
S&Ls emerged largely in response to the exclusivity of commercial banks. There was a time when banks would
only accept deposits from people of relatively high wealth, with references, and would not lend to ordinary
workers. Savings and loans typically offered lower borrowing rates than commercial banks and higher interest
rates on deposits; the narrower profit margin was a byproduct of the fact that such S&Ls were privately or
mutually owned.
Credit Unions
Credit unions are another alternative to regular commercial banks. Credit unions are almost always organized as
not-for-profit cooperatives. Like banks and S&Ls, credit unions can be chartered at the federal or state level. Like
S&Ls, credit unions typically offer higher rates on deposits and charge lower rates on loans in comparison to
commercial banks.
In exchange for a little added freedom, there is one particular restriction on credit unions; membership is not open
to the public, but rather restricted to a particular membership group. In the past, this has meant that employees of
certain companies, members of certain churches, and so on, were the only ones allowed to join a credit union. In
recent years, though, these restrictions have been eased considerably, very much over the objections of banks.
Shadow Banks
The housing bubble and subsequent credit crisis brought attention to what is commonly called "the shadow
banking system." This is a collection of investment banks, hedge funds, insurers and other non-bank financial
institutions that replicate some of the activities of regulated banks, but do not operate in the same regulatory
environment.
The shadow banking system funneled a great deal of money into the U.S. residential mortgage market during the
bubble. Insurance companies would buy mortgage bonds from investment banks, which would then use the
proceeds to buy more mortgages, so that they could issue more mortgage bonds. The banks would use the money
obtained from selling mortgages to write still more mortgages.
Many estimates of the size of the shadow banking system suggest that it had grown to match the size of the
traditional U.S. banking system by 2008.
Apart from the absence of regulation and reporting requirements, the nature of the operations within the shadow
banking system created several problems. Specifically, many of these institutions "borrowed short" to "lend long."
In other words, they financed long-term commitments with short-term debt. This left these institutions very
vulnerable to increases in short-term rates and when those rates rose, it forced many institutions to rush to
liquidate investments and make margin calls. Moreover, as these institutions were not part of the formal banking
system, they did not have access to the same emergency funding facilities.

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
GGGGoals/Objectivesoals/Objectivesoals/Objectivesoals/Objectives
State the desired goals and objectives to address the needs/problems stated above. Also include key benefits of
reaching goals/objectives.
Goal 1: Financial Knowledge
Delegation is a great idea. If you're not great with accounting, that may well be one of the first areas you outsource.
Or perhaps you have an accountant or an entire accounting department on staff. As the boss, you must still be
aware of what's happening financially. You should know where your money is going and what it's doing.
No, you don't have to keep the books yourself. But you do need to review the books, review the budgets, talk to
department heads, check in on projects and do whatever it takes to know where the money is.
For freelancers and one-man shops such as myself, it's easy enough; I do the books, so I see the money. But my
challenge is in the lines that can blur when you work from home. I need childcare for date night and for workdays,
Internet for business use and for personal use, a printer and office supplies for my company and for my kids'
schooling. It's in my best business interest to figure out exactly what portion my business needs to pay for, exactly
how much is tax deductible and so on.
Financial knowledge is the key to making financial progress. If it's your business, it's your money; make it your
business to know everything you can about that money.
Goal 2: Financial Management
Managing your money means making your money earn its keep.
Never let your money sit idle. Your money should always be working for you. Pop it in an investment account, a
mutual fund or an interest-bearing savings account. Lend it out and earn interest that way.
It doesn't matter if the amount you have to work with is $100 or $1 million. Every dollar you have can work for
you, and should. Think of your funds as an employee. You wouldn't let your employees sit around idly on your
time, twiddling their thumbs and taking up space. You give them work and you expect them to do it.
You should expect the same from your money. It takes only a little time out of your workday to manage your
money; it's not an active role that you have to do every day. It's something you set up and check, just as you set
your employees up with their work and check in on their progress.
Goal 3: Financial Perspective

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
See your money for what it is: a means to an end. Money is a tool. It's not good; it's not evil. It's not the pinnacle
of achievement to have lots of it, and it's not the depths of utter failure to have little of it. Money comes and goes.
It is meant to flow, not be stagnant. A prospering business has money coming in and money going out.
Keeping this perspective is tough when money is tight and you're barely avoiding the red ink. My
mother-in-law recently invested thousands of dollars in a new phone system for her business. It was a tough
decision—they could have made it with the old-school, simple system—but the new system has improved
efficiency for all of her employees.
The new system prompts callers through a menu of options, leading them to the right department and providing
basic information such as store hours and address. As a result, everyone has to deal with fewer dead-end or
misdirected phone calls, and they've all been able to handle one of the busiest and most profitable spring seasons
they've ever had.
Stop the money from flowing in, and your business will soon run dry. Stop the money from flowing out, and the
business will stagnate. No money out means you're not growing and improving your business. Your customers
will soon catch on, and the money will stop flowing in.
Sure, apply the financial truisms above to this goal. Don't let more money flow out than you have flowing in; but
do let it flow. And yes, by all means, avoid unnecessary spending; but don't avoid necessary investments back into
your business.
If you want your customers to value your business, you need to value it first.
Procedures/ScopeProcedures/ScopeProcedures/ScopeProcedures/Scope ofofofof WorkWorkWorkWork
Provide detailed information about proposed procedures, if available, and the scope of work. Include
information on activities such as recruiting, training, testing, and actual work required.

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
TimetableTimetableTimetableTimetable
Provide detailed information on the expected timetable for the project. Break the project into phases, and
provide a schedule for each phase.
Description of Work Start and End Dates
Phase One START OPERATION SET UP 15 JUNE 2016/20 JUNE 2016
Phase Two LAUNCHING PROJECT JVA 20 JUNE 2016/1 JULY 2016
Phase Three FINISHING PROJCT JVA 31 DEC 2016
BudgetBudgetBudgetBudget
State the proposed costs and budget of the project. Also include information on how you intend to
manage the budget.
Description of Work Anticipated Costs
Phase One PURCHASED LAND 500 MILLION EURO
PURCHASED LOAD TANKER 2 MILLION EURO
MAIN CONTRACTOR 300 MILLION EURO
START CONSTRUCTION FEES 500 MILLION EURO
PURCHASED OIL PRODUCTS 500 MILLION EURO
PURCHASED GOLD BAR 500 MILLION EURO
PURCHASED BID TENDER WITH GOVT 30 MILLION EURO
LEASED STORAGE OIL TANK 500 MILLION EURO
Phase Two ADDITIONAL STOCK AND STORAGE 500 MILLION EURO
ADDITIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE 698 MILLION EURO
Phase Three GENERATING OIL BLENDED QUARRY 1 BILLION EURO
Total EURO 5,000,000,000.00

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
Feroz Musa
Coordinator Director
Finance Director
Girish Sahasrabudhe
Marketing Director
PR Director
Sheikh Nasir
Lawyer
Legal Procurement
Director
RESERVED FOR
INVESTOR
KeyKeyKeyKey PersonnelPersonnelPersonnelPersonnel
List the key personnel who will be responsible for completion of the project, as well as other personnel
involved in the project.
EvaluationEvaluationEvaluationEvaluation
Discuss how progress will be evaluated throughout and at the end of the project.
Valuing oil and gas properties held by individuals or estates at three times (3x) annual cash flow (“3x Cash Flow”)
has been a widely used rule of thumb for decades. More sophisticated users of the rule might apply it only to
working interests and apply a higher (say 5x) multiple for royalty or overriding royalty interests (“ORRIs”). The
convention is to simply multiply the trailing 12-month cashflow figure generated by the subject property or
collection of properties by three (3) and the result presumably represents the market value of such properties.
Numerous CPAs and attorneys have filed estate or gift tax returns using this methodology. Furthermore, many
bank trust departments regularly use this methodology when valuing oil and gas properties.
Because the approach is so simple and avoids petroleum engineering or appraisal fees, it is widely used,
particularly for
smaller, nominal properties. However, this rule of thumb is often applied in situations beyond its useful bounds
and can result in
conclusions that differ dramatically from the actual market value of the subject properties.
CUSTOMER
SERVICE
DEPARTMENT
LEGAL
PROCUREMENT
DEPARTMENT
OPERATION
DEPARTMENT
BANKING
DEPARTMENT
FINANCE
DEPARTMENT

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
The Likely Origin of the 3x Cash-Flow Rule of Thumb
The 3x Cash Flow rule probably gained significant traction decades ago in oil- and gas-producing regions like
Texas and
Oklahoma where legacy oil fields had relatively predictable declines. Property buyers probably set the acquisition
standard
based on their expectation of field declines, and their desire to create some margin for error (not having sufficient
time or
resources to perform detailed due diligence) as well as earn a spread for making a market in the interest. As the
interests were
passed down through family lines and further fractionalized, the cash flows were likely less material and the
sellers often not
sophisticated enough to know whether they were receiving Fair Value for their properties.
The Impact of Technologyn n n
Technological advances in recent decades have increased the value of oil and gas properties. The combination of
horizontal
drilling with hydraulic fracturing have unlocked the enormous “shale” plays – the Barnett Shale in the late
1990s/early 2000s and
more recently the liquids-oriented Bakken/Three Forks and Eagle Ford Shales during 2009 and 2010. This and
other technology has breathed new life into legacy oil- and gas-producing regions in the U.S. Also, the advent of
the auction houses such as EnergyNet,inc. (“EnergyNet”) or The Oil and Gas Asset Clearinghouse have increased
the efficiency of the market for oil and gas properties resulting in higher values.
Potential Distortions in Valuation
Sophisticated buyers and sellers of oil and gas properties know that there can be significant value attributable to
non-producing
properties. Use of the 3x Cash Flow multiple applied to a collection of producing and non-producing properties
implicitly
ives little or no value to the non-producing properties. Consider a 1,000 acre mineral tract in the Eagle Ford or
Marcellus shale that
has been producing cash flow of approximately $100,000 per year from a non-shale depth. Under the rule, the
minerals would have an implied value of $300,000. A closer examination might show that the property has
significant upside potential related to the shale play and that the lease bonus on the shale depth minerals alone
might approximate $2,500 to $5,000 per acre or $2.5 to $5 million on a 1,000 acre tract. Clearly, the magnitude of
such a lease bonus (and the expected royalty cash flow stream from future production) implies a substantially
higher value for the property than the rule of thumb approach.
Market Data
In a recent issue of Oil and Gas Investor, Bill Britain, the president and CEO of EnergyNet, reported that cash
flow multiples on royalty and ORRIs auctioned from January 2007 to June 2010 ranged from a low of 54 months
(4.5x annual cash flow) for Gulf Coast properties (typically, short-lived properties), to about 90 months or higher
(7.5x annual cash flow) for Permian, Mid-Continent, and ArkLaTex properties. The properties sold at auction are

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
typically broken into the lowest definable strategic unit and are therefore undiversified and do not include a
non-producing component.Mineral portfolios that have upside potential through significant non-producing acreage
positions typically trade at higher valuation multiples. In March 2010, Dorchester Minerals, LP, acquired a diverse
collection of producing and non-producing royalty and mineral properties (the Maecenas properties) located in
206 counties in 17 states (mostly Texas and North Dakota) at about 11x annualized cash flow.
Conclusion
Use of the 3x Cash Flow rule of thumb could grossly understate value if the subject property base includes a
significant amount
of non-producing minerals and especially if those minerals have significant known upside potential (located in or
near an active
shale play, for example). For smaller properties where engineering studies are not available, the auction house data
on specific
transactions is useful for valuation purposes, but such data is not publicly available and is difficult to obtain.
Ultimately, the
location and other characteristics of the subject properties (type of interest – royalty vs. working, diversification by
geography and
by operator, ‘upside’ potential, and years of production history) should be considered in the valuation of the
subject properties
THANK YOU FOR READING OUR HUMBLE PROJECT
PROPOSAL
HOPE WE CAN SHARE THE MOST VALUABLE IN HUMAN
PROGRESS
ALL THE BEST
GOOD LUCK
WE GUARANTEE SPLENDID RETURN OF YOUR INVESTMENT

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306

TEL ; +60177430448 FAX : +1 (844) 487-6306
NextNextNextNext StepsStepsStepsSteps
Specify the actions required of the readers of this document.
WE REALLY WANTED 100% CONSIDERATION TO EXPEDITE OUR APPLICATION FOR LOAN AND
START TO GET BASIC MATERIAL AND STRUCTURE OF ORGANISATION
PLEASE INFORM US WHAT MOST IMPORTANT TO PROCEED WITH THE LOAN AND HOW FAST
WE CAN START
PLEASE READ IT AND UNDERSTAND IT.THIS HAVE BEEN DOMNE BEFORE AND IT WAS
SUCCESSFUL INVESTMENT.NO DOUBT.
Faithfully and In Command,
SIR DR IR FEROZ
CHAIRMAN
PANGIRAN BUDI SERVICE SDN BHD CR.1041626 M (MALAYSIA)
SC PANGIRAN BUDI SERVICE SRL CR. RO 26431686/J22/77/22.01.2010 (EUROPE)

PROJECT PROPOSAL 1 OIL AND GAS

More Related Content

What's hot

Viewers also liked

Similar to PROJECT PROPOSAL 1 OIL AND GAS

More from MUSA Sir DR IR FEROZ

PROJECT PROPOSAL 1 OIL AND GAS