The document presents a conceptual framework for using blockchain technology in a smart parking system. It introduces smart cities and smart parking concepts. The objective is to demonstrate how blockchain can be applied to an integrated smart parking system. It describes Ranchi, India as a smart city case study and presents a conceptual framework. Blockchain technology could be integrated into the smart parking system to enable secure and transparent parking transactions. The framework is explored through a literature review and methodology involving primary and secondary research on Ranchi's smart parking needs.

1. Smart Parking Using Blockchain Technology: A Conceptual Framework
PRESENTATION ON:
Birla Institute of Technology
Off Campus Lalpur
PRESENTED BY:
Arunima Asthana
MBA/40006/21

2. INTRODUCTION
• Intelligent Traffic Systems: Improve the safety, efficiency, and
sustainability of transportation.
• Smart City: Quality of life is improved via data-driven technologies and
strategies.
• Smart Parking: Parking system that uses technology to help drivers find
available parking spots.
• Blockchain Technology: Decentralized digital ledger that enables secure
and transparent transactions.

3. OBJECTIVE
To present a conceptual framework that demonstrate the applicability of the
blockchain-based integrated smart parking system.

4. SELECTED LITERATURE
• Stuart Haber and W. Scott Stornetta presented the idea of a protected chain of blocks for the first time in the year
1991. In 1992, Bayer, Haber, and Stornetta included the "Merkle trees" strategy into the architecture of the system.
This approach had increased the overall efficiency of the system by allowing several pieces of information or
documentation to be combined into a single block .
• According to Washburn et al. 2020 a smart city is an area where various forms of advanced computing are applied
to various infrastructure elements. Bowerman et al. 2017 assert that in a smart city, only those infrastructure—
power, water, transportation, etc.—should be planned, built, and maintained using cutting-edge, integrated
materials, sensors, electronics, and networks which are hooked up with digital systems that include datasets and
telematics and judgement call methodologies.
• According to Javidroozi et al. 2019 a smart city must have its municipal systems integrated to allow for adaptability
and access to real-time data for the development and distribution of effective services
• According to Hosaka et al. 2018 smart parking is becoming increasingly common in smart cities. These studies
illustrate the many benefits of smart parking, including a reduction in congestion, an increase in income, a pricing
structure that is modified depending on the demand for availability during peak hours, and the reinforcement of
traffic regulations through the use of cameras to discover offenders

5. METHODOLOGY
Research Design:. Descriptive and Exploratory Research Design.
Area under consideration: Ranchi , Jharkhand
Population Size: 5 individuals
Data Collection:
• Data Type: Primary Data.
• Method Used: Personal Interaction
• Data Type: Secondary Data
• Method Used: Online Resources
• Sources of Information: Designatory of Ranchi Smart City Corporation

6. RANCHI SMART CITY
 A Knowledge hub for educational excellence – for both formal and non-formal sectors, by reinforcing its good
educational institutes in preparation for welcoming knowledge based industries.
 An efficiently managed traffic and transportation system based city aided by Information Technology (IT) in all
aspects to reduce the travel time of commuters and incidents of traffic violations to make Ranchi a safe city for
pedestrians and commuters.

7. RANCHI SMART CITY

8. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

9. BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY

10. INTEGRATION OF BLOCKCHAIN IN SMART PARKING SYSTEM

11. SELECTED REFERENCES
Al-Hader, M., Rodzi, A., Sharif, A. R. et al. (2009). Smart city components architecture. In Proceedings of the International
Conference on Computational Intelligence, Modelling and Simulation (pp. 93–97). Brno, Czechia.
AM. Antonopoulos. (2014). Mastering Bitcoin: Unlocking digital cryptocurrencies. O’Reilly Media, Inc.
Bowerman, B., Braverman, J., Taylor, J. et al. (2000). The vision of a smart city. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Life
Extension Technology Workshop, Paris.
Bronstein, Z. (2009). Industry and the smart city. Dissent, 56(3), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1353/dss.0.0062
Chandrahasan, M., Mahadik, A., Lotlikar, T., Oke, M., & Yeole, A. (2019). Survey on different smart parking techniques.
International Journal of Computers and Applications, 137, 13–21. https://doi.org/
Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., Pardo, T. A., & Scholl, H. J. (2012).
Understanding smart cities: An integrative framework. In Proceedings of the 45th Hawaii International Conference on
System Science, Maui (pp. 2289–2297). https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2012.615

12. SELECTED REFERENCES
Lan, K. C., & Shih, W. Y. (2014). An intelligent driver location system for smart parking. Expert Systems with Applications,
41(5), 2443–2456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.09.044
Malek, J. A. (2009). Informative global community development index of informative smart city. In Proceedings of the 8th
WSEAS International Conference on Education and Educational Technology, Athens (pp. 17–19).
Bathula, M., Ramezanali, M., Pradhan, I., Patel, N., Gotschall, J., & Sridhar, N. (2009). A sensor network system for
measuring traffic in short-term construction work zones. In IEEE distributed computing in sensor systems, 216–230.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02085-8_16
Mekki, K., Bajic, E., Chaxel, F., & Meyer, F. (2019). A comparative study of LPWAN technologies for large-scale IoT
deployment. ICT Express, 5(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2017.12.005
Nene, S., Mundle, S., Mahajan, S., Yeginwar, S., & Panchal, L. (2019–). A study of vehicular parking systems. In
ICICCTSystem Reliability, Quality Control, Safety, Maintenance and Management; Springer: Singapore, 2019; pp. 207–215.
Parida, P., Dhurua, S. K., & Santhi Priya, P. (October 2014). International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced
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Qian, Y., Jiang, Y., Chen, J., Zhang, Y., Song, J., Zhou, M., & Pustišek, M. (2018). Towards decentralized IoT security
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13. THANK YOU!