C Programming Language is the most popular computer language and most used programming language till now. It is very simple and elegant language. This lecture series will give you basic concepts of structured programming language with C.
C Programming Language is the most popular computer language and most used programming language till now. It is very simple and elegant language. This lecture series will give you basic concepts of structured programming language with C.
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2. Programming – Why?
Computers are used for many different purposes
in many different situations.
But, how can they be so versatile?
Answer: They can be programmed
The ability for a computer to be programmed
allows it to do whatever their programs tell them
what to do.
A program is a set of instructions that tell a
computer what to do.
A computer cannot do anything unless it has a
program to tell it what to do.
In this class, we will focus on writing these
programs.
3. Programming – What?
Programs are used to operate the components of a
computer, solve problems or satisfy a want/need.
How long will it take me to get home if I drive x miles per
hour?
I want to be able to tell my friends what I am doing right
now.
Computer Programming is both an Art and a Science
Every aspect of a program must be carefully designed
As an art, programming takes creativity and problem
solving.
There is often no one correct way to solve a problem.
As a science, there are formal and proven methods to
go about creating a programming.
In this course, you will learn both the art and science
of programming.
4. Hardware and Software
Programs can also be called software.
Software refers to the computer programs that a
computer uses to complete a task.
Hardware refers to the physical components that a
computer is made of.
A computer is not one device, but a system of devices
working in tandem.
Each device plays a part.
Major components:
Central Processing Unit
Main Memory
Secondary Storage Devices
Input Devices
Output Devices
5. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The CPU is the heart and brain of the computer.
The CPU continuously does the following things:
1. Fetch an instruction
2. Follow the instruction
3. Produce some resulting data
The CPU has two parts:
Control Unit
Coordinates the computer’s operations
Determines where to get the next instruction
Regulates the other major components of the computer
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
Designed to perform mathematical operations
6. Main Memory
Main memory holds information that the CPU needs to
access quickly.
Namely, the instructions to be executed.
When a program is running, some or all of its instructions
are in main memory.
Memory is divided into sections called bytes that hold
equal amount of data.
Each section is made up of 8 bits.
A Bit is the most basic unit of information a computer can hold.
It is a switch that is either on (1) or off (0)
Each byte is assigned and can be accessed by its
address.
A Memory Address is a unique identifying number associated
with a byte in memory.
Main memory typically is volatile.
Volatile Memory – is memory that when it loses power, the
contents are erased.
7. Secondary Storage
Secondary Storage is memory that can hold data for a long
period of time.
Programs are usually stored in secondary storage and loaded
into main memory as needed.
This forms a hierarchy typically called the memory hierarchy.
Common forms of secondary storage:
Hard Drive
Disk Drive
Solid State Drive
Removable Storage
Floppy Disk
CD-ROM
USB Drives
Other files can be stored in secondary storage:
Documents
Pictures
Whatever else you save on your computer
8. Input Devices
Input is any data the computer collects from the
outside world.
An Input Device is anything that collects data and
sends it to the computer.
Common Input Devices:
Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner
Digital Camera
Disk Drive
USB Drive
9. Output Devices
Output is any data the computer sends to the
outside world.
An Output Device formats data and presents it to
the outside world.
Common Output Devices:
Monitor
Printer
Disk Drive
USB Drive
10. Software
Software refers to the programs that run on a
computer.
Two main categories (for this class):
Operating System (OS)
A set of programs that manages a computer’s hardware
devices and controls their processes.
Most modern operating systems are capable of running
multiple programs at once.
UNIX, Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows are examples
Application Software
Programs that make the computer useful for the user
Solve specific problems or supply a service
Word processors, spreadsheets, databases, etc.
This is what we will be developing in this class.
11. Program Development Cycle
Many programmers follow a sequence of Steps to
create their programs.
1. Analyze – Define the Problem
Make sure that you understand what the program
should do. What should the user be able to
enter? How? How does the program come up
with an answer? What does the program output?
How?
User – a person who uses a computer program.
End User – the user that the program was made for.
2. Design – Plan a Solution for the Problem
Develop a PRECISE sequence of steps to solve
the problem
An algorithm is a precise sequence of steps to solve a
problem.
12. Develop an Algorithm
Imagine you want a program that tells a user how
many stamps they need in order to mail a certain
number of pages.
You need one stamp for every 5 pages
6 pages = 2 stamps
12 pages = 3 stamps
…
Write an algorithm (the steps needed) to solve
this problem
13. Program Development Cycle –
Design (Continued)
Typically a program follows three general steps
1. Input
2. Processing (Formulas)
3. Output
14. Develop an Algorithm, 2nd
Attempt
OK, with this knowledge, try writing the algorithm
again
15. Program Development Cycle –
Design (Continued)
Are those three steps enough?
What about if the user enters “Banana” instead of a number of
sheets?
The program does not know how to find the number of stamps
required to mail “Banana” number of sheets
In order for the program to run without crashing, our algorithm
must make sure that the user inputs some valid data.
There are two main ways of doing this:
1. Prevention – Making sure that the user is not physically able to enter in
invalid data.
2. Validation – Allowing the user to enter invalid data, but checking it to
make sure it is valid before processing.
So, there are really 4 general steps most programs follow:
1. Input
1. Read Input
2. Validate Input
2. Process
3. Output
16. Develop an Algorithm, 3rd Attempt
OK, now with THAT information, try developing
the algorithm
One good algorithm developed could look like
this:
1. Request the number of sheets of paper from the
user; call it Sheets (Input/Read)
2. Make sure Sheets is a positive whole number
(Input/Validation)
3. Divide Sheets by 5 (Processing)
4. Round the result from step 3 up to the highest
whole number; call it Stamps (Processing)
5. Reply with the number Stamps (Output)
17. Programming Tools
Flowcharts – A chart that consists of symbols
connected by arrows. Within each symbol is a
phrase presenting the activity at that step. The
shape of the symbol indicates the type of
operation that is to occur.
Hierarchy Charts – A chart that shows the overall
program structure. These charts describe what
each part, or module, does and how they are
related. These modules intentionally omit details
of how they work.
Pseudocode – an abbreviated plain English
version of actual computer code. Kind of a mix
between English and code. THERE IS NO
OFFICIAL SYNTAX TO PSEUDOCODE.
18. Flow Charts
Flow Line - indicates the flow of logic
Terminal – indicates the start or end of a task
Input/Output – used for input or output
operations. What is to be input or output should
be in the figure.
19. Flow Charts
Processing - used to show a processing step.
The instructions are displayed in the figure.
Decision – used to show when a decision needs
to be made. Lines for yes and no come out of it.
The question is displayed in the figure.
Connector – Used to join flow lines.
22. Program Development Cycle
3. Write the Code – Implement a solution
The instructions in a programming language
collectively called code.
Your code should be a translation of your
algorithm developed into the programming
language.
In this class we use Java, but there are many other
programming languages: C, C++, C#, Ruby, Python,
Visual Basic, etc.
This is the major focus of this course, but note
that you need to be able to think algorithmically in
order to do this.
Meaning, you need to be able to logically solve the
problem in order to write a program for it.
23. Program Development Cycle
4. Testing and Debugging – Locate and remove any errors
in the program
Testing is the process of finding errors in a program
Debugging is the process of removing errors in a program.
An error in a program is called a bug.
We will talk more specifically about the kinds of errors that
can occur in a program once we start programming.
5. Complete All Documentation – Organize the material that
describes the program.
Documentation is any material whose purpose is to allow
another person or programmer to use or understand the
program
Two kinds of documentation:
1. External Documentation – Material outside of the code files that
describe the program.
2. Internal Documentation – Lines inside of a code file that do nothing
except describe details of the program. In Java, these are called
comments.