Professor David Leonard, Sussex Development Lecuture, Feb 2012
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This document discusses the statelessness of Somalia and Somali territories since 1991 when the central government collapsed. It examines the questions of what caused the lack of an effective state, the consequences, and how order can be maintained without a state. It outlines the various Somali polities that have emerged and their systems of local governance based on clan structures. While state-building efforts from international groups have failed, some areas like Somaliland have successfully established governance from the local level. The challenges of piracy in Puntland and terrorism spreading from al-Shabaab in southern Somalia into Kenya are also discussed.
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The document summarizes the conflict in Mali, including key details. It describes how the main religion is Islam but rulers have unfairly imposed strict Sharia law, leading citizens to fight authorities for independence. As a result, many women and children have fled as refugees while men stay behind to fight. The economy is poor with growth reliant on unstable natural resources like gold and uranium. Ethnic groups are diverse and several languages are spoken, though the conflict is concentrated in Northern Mali along political boundaries. International aid is now assisting Mali as the country remains in its current unstable status under threat from al-Qaeda with cultural and religious restrictions.
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Under apartheid from 1948 to 1994, South Africa instituted racist segregation laws that curtailed the rights of black inhabitants while giving benefits to white inhabitants. The country was divided into separate states for different ethnic groups, and a policy of forced resettlement displaced millions. Despite this troubled past, South Africa has come together as a nation, hosting a successful 2010 World Cup that brought the diverse people together and displayed the country's cultural beauty to the world. South Africa takes pride in its wildlife, languages, fashion, art, music, and people from bushmen to urban professionals, who together form a culturally rich rainbow nation.
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The document summarizes apartheid, the system of racial segregation and discrimination against non-white groups in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. It describes the laws and policies that enforced apartheid, restricting the rights and movement of black, Asian, and mixed-race populations. Key figures that opposed apartheid, like Nelson Mandela and organizations like the African National Congress, are also outlined. Events like the Soweto uprising in 1976 protested apartheid policies and marked a turning point in the struggle against racial discrimination.
Apartheid Pres
Apartheid was a system of racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. It kept political and economic power in the hands of the white minority population, who made up around 15-20% of the total population. The black African majority, who made up around 75% of the population, were forcibly removed from their homes and sent to live in segregated townships with inferior services and no political rights. Apartheid faced increasing resistance through the 1980s from violence, protests, and international pressure, and it was formally ended in 1990 when President F.W. de Klerk dismantled the system. Nelson Mandela had protested apartheid and spent 27 years in prison before becoming South Africa's first black president from
APARTHEID
The apartheid system in South Africa legally enforced racial segregation and white minority rule between 1948 and 1994. Non-white South Africans, who made up the majority of the population, were classified into separate racial groups and forced to live in segregated areas. They were also restricted in terms of jobs and education. Opposition to apartheid grew through non-violent protests and strikes, but the government violently cracked down on dissent. International sanctions in the 1980s increased pressure on the apartheid government, which began reforms and held multiracial elections in 1994, bringing the apartheid system to an end.
Apartheid
The apartheid system was a system of racial segregation enforced by the South African government between 1948 and 1994. It gave rights to the white minority and discriminated against the black, Indian, and colored populations. Nelson Mandela fought against apartheid and became president after its end in 1994. Apartheid started because the white settlers wanted to maintain power over the native Africans. It faced significant protests and disagreement, which eventually contributed to its demise. Life under apartheid was difficult for non-white populations, with restrictions on work, living conditions, and civil rights.
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The document summarizes the conflict in Mali, including key details. It describes how the main religion is Islam but rulers have unfairly imposed strict Sharia law, leading citizens to fight authorities for independence. As a result, many women and children have fled as refugees while men stay behind to fight. The economy is poor with growth reliant on unstable natural resources like gold and uranium. Ethnic groups are diverse and several languages are spoken, though the conflict is concentrated in Northern Mali along political boundaries. International aid is now assisting Mali as the country remains in its current unstable status under threat from al-Qaeda with cultural and religious restrictions.
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Apartheid Pres
Apartheid was a system of racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. It kept political and economic power in the hands of the white minority population, who made up around 15-20% of the total population. The black African majority, who made up around 75% of the population, were forcibly removed from their homes and sent to live in segregated townships with inferior services and no political rights. Apartheid faced increasing resistance through the 1980s from violence, protests, and international pressure, and it was formally ended in 1990 when President F.W. de Klerk dismantled the system. Nelson Mandela had protested apartheid and spent 27 years in prison before becoming South Africa's first black president from
APARTHEID
The apartheid system in South Africa legally enforced racial segregation and white minority rule between 1948 and 1994. Non-white South Africans, who made up the majority of the population, were classified into separate racial groups and forced to live in segregated areas. They were also restricted in terms of jobs and education. Opposition to apartheid grew through non-violent protests and strikes, but the government violently cracked down on dissent. International sanctions in the 1980s increased pressure on the apartheid government, which began reforms and held multiracial elections in 1994, bringing the apartheid system to an end.
Apartheid
The apartheid system was a system of racial segregation enforced by the South African government between 1948 and 1994. It gave rights to the white minority and discriminated against the black, Indian, and colored populations. Nelson Mandela fought against apartheid and became president after its end in 1994. Apartheid started because the white settlers wanted to maintain power over the native Africans. It faced significant protests and disagreement, which eventually contributed to its demise. Life under apartheid was difficult for non-white populations, with restrictions on work, living conditions, and civil rights.
Apartheid in South Africa
South Africa implemented a system of apartheid from 1948 to 1994 that legally enforced racial segregation and discrimination. The apartheid government classified all citizens as either white, black, or colored, and deprived non-white citizens of basic rights and freedoms through strict laws restricting where they could live, work, and travel. While apartheid generated wealth for white South Africans, it had devastating social and economic consequences for black South Africans, including high infant mortality rates, poor education, and violent crackdowns on protests against the system. The end of apartheid in 1993 established a non-racial democratic system, but its legacy continues through issues like unemployment, poverty, disease, and lingering racial tensions. Some work to improve conditions includes efforts by leaders
History civil rights compared to anti-apartheid movement (1)
The document discusses the goals and tactics of apartheid in South Africa, including racial segregation and discrimination in areas like housing, education, employment, and political participation. It also profiles Nelson Mandela's resistance to apartheid through organizations like the African National Congress and his eventual imprisonment for 27 years. The research question compares Mandela's anti-apartheid movement to the American Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s in their shared goals of achieving equal rights and ending racist policies and laws.
Apartheid in south africa
Apartheid was a system of legal racial segregation and discrimination enforced in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. It aimed to maintain white minority rule and protect white domination over non-whites in all aspects of life. Under apartheid, black South Africans were forced to live in separate areas, use separate facilities, and had limited job opportunities based on their racial status. Resistance to apartheid grew through protests, boycotts, and uprisings led by groups like the African National Congress, which made the country ungovernable and eventually forced the white government to dismantle apartheid and shift to democracy. The policies and forced separation of apartheid still impact South African society today.
Apartheid
Apartheid was a system of racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa that separated people into four groups: white, black, colored, and Asian. It gave whites control over the country despite most of the population being black. Some apartheid laws prohibited interracial relationships and enforced separate education systems. Apartheid began as European settlers colonized South Africa and divided ethnic groups. It ended in the 1990s as the president helped pass laws dismantling the system and Nelson Mandela was elected president after the end of apartheid, though its effects like poverty still impact South Africa today.
Lesson 3 indirect control
The document discusses methods that countries use to indirectly control other countries, including military, political, economic and cultural means. It also discusses China's investment in Africa, noting that over 1 million Chinese people now live in Africa working in raw materials. The document then examines Somalia and Somaliland as a case study, describing how Somaliland declared independence in 1991 after periods of rule by the Ottoman Empire, Britain, and Italy, but still faces instability from its past.
Apartheid in South Africa
Apartheid was a system of racial segregation and discrimination enforced in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. The white minority government passed laws separating races and taking political and economic power from non-whites. This led to oppression, poverty, and violence until international pressure and internal uprisings ended apartheid, with Nelson Mandela becoming the first black president in 1994 after multi-racial democratic elections.
Apartheid In South Africa (2)
Apartheid was a system of racial segregation in South Africa that allowed for differential treatment of people based on their race. During apartheid, South Africa's population was disproportionately white, with 19 million black South Africans and only 4.5 million white South Africans. The apartheid system imposed harsh discriminatory policies on black South Africans, requiring they carry pass books and restricting them to designated homelands. Nelson Mandela led opposition to apartheid and was imprisoned for 27 years before being released in 1990. He went on to help dismantle apartheid, establishing a multi-racial democracy in South Africa by 1996 when he became the country's first black president.
Apartheid
The document discusses the history of apartheid in South Africa. It describes how the Dutch first settled in South Africa and were later joined by British settlers who fought with the native Afrikaners and Zulu tribes for control of the land. In the 20th century, the white government instituted apartheid, a system that legally enforced racial segregation and discrimination. Apartheid restricted the rights of non-white populations and designated different areas and facilities for different races. After many years of resistance, apartheid was officially dismantled in 1994 with South Africa's first multiracial democratic election that brought Nelson Mandela to power as president. However, the new South Africa still faces ongoing challenges related to economic inequality and other social issues.
South africa
South Africa has a long history of racial conflict dating back to the arrival of Dutch settlers in 1652. The discovery of gold and diamonds in the late 1800s intensified divisions between white and black South Africans. In the early 1900s, the Union of South Africa was established as a self-governing British dominion that restricted political rights along racial lines. The apartheid system of the mid-1900s legally enforced racial segregation and white supremacy. Growing opposition led to democratic elections in 1994, when Nelson Mandela was elected president, marking the end of apartheid and the beginning of majority rule.
CAPE History Unit Two Apartheid
The document provides a detailed overview of apartheid in South Africa and the development and eventual dismantling of the system of racial segregation. It describes how apartheid was implemented through legislation in the late 1940s and 1950s that separated residential areas and prohibited interracial relationships. The system aimed to deny economic and political rights to non-whites. It faced increasing resistance through the 1980s from groups like the ANC and Nelson Mandela, culminating in democratic elections and the end of apartheid in 1994.
Apartheid
1. Apartheid was a system of racial segregation and discrimination enacted in South Africa between 1948 and 1994, designed to separate the races and keep political and economic power with the white minority.
2. It divided the population into racial groups and enforced separation with laws restricting where people could live, work, and attend school. The black majority suffered poor treatment and lost rights under apartheid.
3. Nelson Mandela and the anti-apartheid movement fought for decades to end apartheid through protests and civil disobedience. Mandela was imprisoned for 27 years before being elected president in South Africa's first multiracial election in 1994 after apartheid was abolished.
Apartheid in south africa 1948-1994 slideshow
Apartheid was a system of racial segregation and discrimination imposed in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. It enforced the separation of non-white populations from white populations. The National Party instituted a number of laws to enforce racial segregation and oppress non-white populations. Resistance to apartheid grew throughout the 1950s-1980s, culminating in its end in the early 1990s. Nelson Mandela was elected president in 1994 in the country's first multiracial democratic election, marking the end of apartheid. However, issues of inequality and racial tensions remain part of South Africa's ongoing challenges today.
History of apartheid in south africa
Apartheid was a system of racial segregation in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. It was established by the National Party to maintain political and economic power for white South Africans. Apartheid laws separated society and denied non-whites political rights, restricting where they could live, work, and attend school. The African National Congress and leaders like Nelson Mandela fought against apartheid through protests and campaigns. Apartheid officially ended in 1994 when South Africa held its first multiracial democratic elections and Nelson Mandela became the first black president.
Apartheid
Apartheid was a system of legal racial segregation in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. It was enforced by the ruling National Party to maintain minority rule by the white population. Key events included the introduction of apartheid laws in 1948, classifying the population by race in 1950, and restricting the rights of non-white South Africans over the following decades through laws restricting where they could live, work, and travel. Anti-apartheid activism grew both within and outside South Africa, leading to its end with South Africa's first democratic election in 1994 in which Nelson Mandela was elected president.
Apartheid Ppt
Apartheid was a system of legal racial segregation in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. It classified inhabitants into racial groups and enforced separation in areas like residential areas, education, healthcare, and public services. Black South Africans were stripped of citizenship and classified as citizens of tribal homelands, some of which became independent states. The system led to forced removals and prohibitions on social contact between races.
Apartheid ppt
The document discusses the history of apartheid in South Africa. It describes how the Dutch first settled in South Africa, followed by the British who took control of most of the country. The white government then created apartheid, a system to separate society by race and give rights only to whites. Apartheid forced blacks into poor areas, denied them voting rights, and segregated public services. Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for 28 years for fighting apartheid, then elected president in 1994 after apartheid ended, working to create a unified, equal nation. South Africa still faces issues like economic inequality and health challenges.
Anti apartheid movement threephases042005
The document summarizes the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa from 1948 to 1994 in three phases. Phase I from 1948-1960 saw the rise of a mass movement challenging apartheid through boycotts, civil disobedience and the creation of organizations like the ANC and PAC. The Sharpeville massacre in 1960 marked increased state repression. Phase II from 1960-1976 involved greater state suppression and the emergence of the Black Consciousness movement advocating self-reliance. The Soweto uprising in 1976 sparked further protests. Phase III from 1976-1994 saw a state crisis, resurgence of social movements, and changing opportunities that ultimately led to the end of apartheid in 1994.
Powerpoint apartheid.agnes
Apartheid was a system of racial segregation and discrimination enforced by the white-minority government in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. It classified people into racial groups and deprived non-whites of citizenship, political representation, and access to equal education, healthcare, public services and facilities. As opposition grew and became violent in response, the government increased repression. Reforms in the 1980s failed to quell mounting opposition and apartheid was ended through negotiations led by Nelson Mandela, who became South Africa's first black president after multi-racial democratic elections in 1994.
The Political Background to Apartheid in South Africa
The document summarizes the development of apartheid policies in South Africa from the early 20th century. It describes how Afrikaner nationalism intensified in the 1930s, promoting the idea that Afrikaners were a chosen people meant to rule South Africa. This ideology supported the development of apartheid policies after the National Party victory in the 1948 election, which legalized racial segregation and discrimination. The new government passed extensive apartheid legislation between 1949-1953 to codify racial segregation and the oppression of non-white racial groups.
South Africa under Apartheid
This document provides an overview of apartheid in South Africa from 1948 to 1994. It describes how apartheid institutionalized racism and segregation through laws that controlled where people could live, work, and access public services based on their race. It imposed passbooks to restrict the movement of black South Africans and denied them voting rights. The document outlines how the government justified apartheid through claims about separate development and interpretations of the Bible. It also discusses the negative impacts of apartheid on health, education, and community life for black South Africans.
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Apartheid in South Africa
South Africa implemented a system of apartheid from 1948 to 1994 that legally enforced racial segregation and discrimination. The apartheid government classified all citizens as either white, black, or colored, and deprived non-white citizens of basic rights and freedoms through strict laws restricting where they could live, work, and travel. While apartheid generated wealth for white South Africans, it had devastating social and economic consequences for black South Africans, including high infant mortality rates, poor education, and violent crackdowns on protests against the system. The end of apartheid in 1993 established a non-racial democratic system, but its legacy continues through issues like unemployment, poverty, disease, and lingering racial tensions. Some work to improve conditions includes efforts by leaders
History civil rights compared to anti-apartheid movement (1)
The document discusses the goals and tactics of apartheid in South Africa, including racial segregation and discrimination in areas like housing, education, employment, and political participation. It also profiles Nelson Mandela's resistance to apartheid through organizations like the African National Congress and his eventual imprisonment for 27 years. The research question compares Mandela's anti-apartheid movement to the American Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s in their shared goals of achieving equal rights and ending racist policies and laws.
Apartheid in south africa
Apartheid was a system of legal racial segregation and discrimination enforced in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. It aimed to maintain white minority rule and protect white domination over non-whites in all aspects of life. Under apartheid, black South Africans were forced to live in separate areas, use separate facilities, and had limited job opportunities based on their racial status. Resistance to apartheid grew through protests, boycotts, and uprisings led by groups like the African National Congress, which made the country ungovernable and eventually forced the white government to dismantle apartheid and shift to democracy. The policies and forced separation of apartheid still impact South African society today.
Apartheid
Apartheid was a system of racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa that separated people into four groups: white, black, colored, and Asian. It gave whites control over the country despite most of the population being black. Some apartheid laws prohibited interracial relationships and enforced separate education systems. Apartheid began as European settlers colonized South Africa and divided ethnic groups. It ended in the 1990s as the president helped pass laws dismantling the system and Nelson Mandela was elected president after the end of apartheid, though its effects like poverty still impact South Africa today.
Lesson 3 indirect control
The document discusses methods that countries use to indirectly control other countries, including military, political, economic and cultural means. It also discusses China's investment in Africa, noting that over 1 million Chinese people now live in Africa working in raw materials. The document then examines Somalia and Somaliland as a case study, describing how Somaliland declared independence in 1991 after periods of rule by the Ottoman Empire, Britain, and Italy, but still faces instability from its past.
Apartheid in South Africa
Apartheid was a system of racial segregation and discrimination enforced in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. The white minority government passed laws separating races and taking political and economic power from non-whites. This led to oppression, poverty, and violence until international pressure and internal uprisings ended apartheid, with Nelson Mandela becoming the first black president in 1994 after multi-racial democratic elections.
Apartheid In South Africa (2)
Apartheid was a system of racial segregation in South Africa that allowed for differential treatment of people based on their race. During apartheid, South Africa's population was disproportionately white, with 19 million black South Africans and only 4.5 million white South Africans. The apartheid system imposed harsh discriminatory policies on black South Africans, requiring they carry pass books and restricting them to designated homelands. Nelson Mandela led opposition to apartheid and was imprisoned for 27 years before being released in 1990. He went on to help dismantle apartheid, establishing a multi-racial democracy in South Africa by 1996 when he became the country's first black president.
Apartheid
The document discusses the history of apartheid in South Africa. It describes how the Dutch first settled in South Africa and were later joined by British settlers who fought with the native Afrikaners and Zulu tribes for control of the land. In the 20th century, the white government instituted apartheid, a system that legally enforced racial segregation and discrimination. Apartheid restricted the rights of non-white populations and designated different areas and facilities for different races. After many years of resistance, apartheid was officially dismantled in 1994 with South Africa's first multiracial democratic election that brought Nelson Mandela to power as president. However, the new South Africa still faces ongoing challenges related to economic inequality and other social issues.
South africa
South Africa has a long history of racial conflict dating back to the arrival of Dutch settlers in 1652. The discovery of gold and diamonds in the late 1800s intensified divisions between white and black South Africans. In the early 1900s, the Union of South Africa was established as a self-governing British dominion that restricted political rights along racial lines. The apartheid system of the mid-1900s legally enforced racial segregation and white supremacy. Growing opposition led to democratic elections in 1994, when Nelson Mandela was elected president, marking the end of apartheid and the beginning of majority rule.
CAPE History Unit Two Apartheid
The document provides a detailed overview of apartheid in South Africa and the development and eventual dismantling of the system of racial segregation. It describes how apartheid was implemented through legislation in the late 1940s and 1950s that separated residential areas and prohibited interracial relationships. The system aimed to deny economic and political rights to non-whites. It faced increasing resistance through the 1980s from groups like the ANC and Nelson Mandela, culminating in democratic elections and the end of apartheid in 1994.
Apartheid
1. Apartheid was a system of racial segregation and discrimination enacted in South Africa between 1948 and 1994, designed to separate the races and keep political and economic power with the white minority.
2. It divided the population into racial groups and enforced separation with laws restricting where people could live, work, and attend school. The black majority suffered poor treatment and lost rights under apartheid.
3. Nelson Mandela and the anti-apartheid movement fought for decades to end apartheid through protests and civil disobedience. Mandela was imprisoned for 27 years before being elected president in South Africa's first multiracial election in 1994 after apartheid was abolished.
Apartheid in south africa 1948-1994 slideshow
Apartheid was a system of racial segregation and discrimination imposed in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. It enforced the separation of non-white populations from white populations. The National Party instituted a number of laws to enforce racial segregation and oppress non-white populations. Resistance to apartheid grew throughout the 1950s-1980s, culminating in its end in the early 1990s. Nelson Mandela was elected president in 1994 in the country's first multiracial democratic election, marking the end of apartheid. However, issues of inequality and racial tensions remain part of South Africa's ongoing challenges today.
History of apartheid in south africa
Apartheid was a system of racial segregation in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. It was established by the National Party to maintain political and economic power for white South Africans. Apartheid laws separated society and denied non-whites political rights, restricting where they could live, work, and attend school. The African National Congress and leaders like Nelson Mandela fought against apartheid through protests and campaigns. Apartheid officially ended in 1994 when South Africa held its first multiracial democratic elections and Nelson Mandela became the first black president.
Apartheid
Apartheid was a system of legal racial segregation in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. It was enforced by the ruling National Party to maintain minority rule by the white population. Key events included the introduction of apartheid laws in 1948, classifying the population by race in 1950, and restricting the rights of non-white South Africans over the following decades through laws restricting where they could live, work, and travel. Anti-apartheid activism grew both within and outside South Africa, leading to its end with South Africa's first democratic election in 1994 in which Nelson Mandela was elected president.
Apartheid Ppt
Apartheid was a system of legal racial segregation in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. It classified inhabitants into racial groups and enforced separation in areas like residential areas, education, healthcare, and public services. Black South Africans were stripped of citizenship and classified as citizens of tribal homelands, some of which became independent states. The system led to forced removals and prohibitions on social contact between races.
Apartheid ppt
The document discusses the history of apartheid in South Africa. It describes how the Dutch first settled in South Africa, followed by the British who took control of most of the country. The white government then created apartheid, a system to separate society by race and give rights only to whites. Apartheid forced blacks into poor areas, denied them voting rights, and segregated public services. Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for 28 years for fighting apartheid, then elected president in 1994 after apartheid ended, working to create a unified, equal nation. South Africa still faces issues like economic inequality and health challenges.
Anti apartheid movement threephases042005
The document summarizes the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa from 1948 to 1994 in three phases. Phase I from 1948-1960 saw the rise of a mass movement challenging apartheid through boycotts, civil disobedience and the creation of organizations like the ANC and PAC. The Sharpeville massacre in 1960 marked increased state repression. Phase II from 1960-1976 involved greater state suppression and the emergence of the Black Consciousness movement advocating self-reliance. The Soweto uprising in 1976 sparked further protests. Phase III from 1976-1994 saw a state crisis, resurgence of social movements, and changing opportunities that ultimately led to the end of apartheid in 1994.
Powerpoint apartheid.agnes
Apartheid was a system of racial segregation and discrimination enforced by the white-minority government in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. It classified people into racial groups and deprived non-whites of citizenship, political representation, and access to equal education, healthcare, public services and facilities. As opposition grew and became violent in response, the government increased repression. Reforms in the 1980s failed to quell mounting opposition and apartheid was ended through negotiations led by Nelson Mandela, who became South Africa's first black president after multi-racial democratic elections in 1994.
The Political Background to Apartheid in South Africa
The document summarizes the development of apartheid policies in South Africa from the early 20th century. It describes how Afrikaner nationalism intensified in the 1930s, promoting the idea that Afrikaners were a chosen people meant to rule South Africa. This ideology supported the development of apartheid policies after the National Party victory in the 1948 election, which legalized racial segregation and discrimination. The new government passed extensive apartheid legislation between 1949-1953 to codify racial segregation and the oppression of non-white racial groups.
South Africa under Apartheid
This document provides an overview of apartheid in South Africa from 1948 to 1994. It describes how apartheid institutionalized racism and segregation through laws that controlled where people could live, work, and access public services based on their race. It imposed passbooks to restrict the movement of black South Africans and denied them voting rights. The document outlines how the government justified apartheid through claims about separate development and interpretations of the Bible. It also discusses the negative impacts of apartheid on health, education, and community life for black South Africans.
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Donor agencies, governments and corporations are looking to mobilise businesses in the global campaign to reduce undernutrition. Involving the private sector in “nutrition sensitive” development is seen as key to sustaining progress in the long run. Food and agriculture are at the centre of these efforts. But how can food businesses contribute, and why aren’t they doing so already? Drawing on evidence from Ghana, Nigeria and Tanzania, this seminar examines why food markets often fail to provide nutrient-rich foods to the people most in need. It looks at several policy responses to these problems and asks what has made these efforts succeed or fail. These experiences suggest that policy change and public action are key if businesses are to play a role in tackling undernutrition.
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Crisis – What Crisis? What the Food and Finance Crises Mean for Development
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The document discusses the impacts of the 2008 financial and food crises on development. It notes that while globalization can help lift people out of poverty, the crises demonstrated the uneven costs and benefits of increased trade and financial integration. Countries like South Africa that had opened their trade and financial systems were hit harder by the crises than China, which had pursued export-led growth while maintaining a closed financial system. The crises underscored the risks of globalization and the need for global institutions to better manage the distribution of costs and benefits across countries. Lessons included that the manner and extent of integration matters, and financial systems must be made less volatile to support development.Viewers also liked (7)
Mick Moore - The practical political economy of illicit capital flows
Mick Moore - The practical political economy of illicit capital flows
Business and Nutrition: What’s possible? What isn’t?
Business and Nutrition: What’s possible? What isn’t?
Communicating Your Message Using Web 2.0: A guide for development communicators
Communicating Your Message Using Web 2.0: A guide for development communicators
Synthesising evidence across health and development
Synthesising evidence across health and development
NHS International Health Links – what difference can we make? (the Lusaka-Bri...
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Sussex Development Lecture by Andrea Cornwall, January 2012
Sussex Development Lecture by Andrea Cornwall, January 2012
Crisis – What Crisis? What the Food and Finance Crises Mean for Development
Crisis – What Crisis? What the Food and Finance Crises Mean for Development
Similar to Professor David Leonard, Sussex Development Lecuture, Feb 2012
Political Science 2 – Comparative Politics - Power Point #11
Political Science 2 – Comparative Politics - Spring 2013 - Power Point Presentation #11 - © 2013 Tabakian, Inc.
Somaliland-Presentation-Week-11.ppt ethnography
This document provides an overview of Somaliland, including its geography, demographics, politics, economy and current issues. It is located in the Horn of Africa and occupies the same area as former British Somaliland. While it has all the traits of an independent state, it remains unrecognized internationally. The economy relies heavily on livestock exports and remittances from the Somali diaspora. Politically, Somaliland has a multi-party democratic system with separation of powers between the executive, legislative and judicial branches. Ongoing border disputes with neighboring regions and Somalia's opposition to recognition pose challenges to Somaliland's sovereignty claims.
Democracies in Africa
The document discusses note-taking strategies for history classes. It recommends writing down important dates, names of major leaders and their accomplishments, general themes of events like civil wars, and emphasizing points made by the teacher. For lectures, students should mark emphasized text in their notes, add any missing information, and flesh out brief notes after class with more detail. The rest of the document provides context on decolonization in Africa, challenges to democracy in Nigeria and South Africa's transition to democracy after apartheid.
Political geography online
The document discusses several aspects of political geography including the rise in the number of independent states as empires have collapsed, differences in political cultures around issues like separation of church and state, land ownership, and motivations for warfare over territory. It also examines characteristics of states and nations, examples of nation-states, the impact of European colonialism in diffusing the nation-state model, and forces that can lead to devolutionary movements within states.
Political geography online
The document discusses several topics related to political geography including the rise in the number of independent states as empires have collapsed, differences in political cultures around issues like separation of church and state, land ownership, and motivations for warfare over territory. It also examines characteristics of states and nations, examples of nation-states, the spread of the nation-state model through European colonialism, and forces that can lead to the devolution of states including ethnic, economic and spatial factors.
Foreign Affairs: The Most Popular Countries in Debating Motions
The document provides an overview of several countries that are commonly debated in foreign affairs motions, including Somalia, North Korea, Iran, Afghanistan, Israel/Palestine, and Pakistan. It outlines key facts about the history, current status, and major issues/groups in each country. Potential debate motions are also suggested relating to policies like military intervention, sanctions, negotiations, and other strategic approaches to the conflicts.
Republic of Mali
Mali is a landlocked country in West Africa with a population of 14.5 million. The economy centers around agriculture and fishing, though over half the population lives below the poverty line. Mali was once part of three great West African empires and gained independence from France in 1960. Today Mali has a republican government with elections every five years, though it struggles with poverty, food insecurity, and faced conflict in northern Mali in 2012 when Tuareg rebels declared independence.
Peace in the_middle_east6
1. Israel launched airstrikes against Iranian targets in Syria after rockets were fired at Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. Iran-backed militants in Syria were targeted in response with no Israeli casualties reported. The US supported Israel's right to defend itself against Iranian aggression.
2. OPEC agreed to a small increase in oil production to help lower surging prices that have contributed to high inflation. The cartel decided to boost output by 648,000 barrels per day starting in July and August after weeks of negotiations. The Biden administration welcomed the deal as a way to alleviate economic challenges from rising energy costs
GSP8.pptx
The document summarizes pre-colonial administration in Nigeria, describing the decentralized systems of the Igbo and Yoruba peoples and the centralized system of the Hausa/Fulani. It then discusses the process of colonial administration, noting that Britain established protectorates starting in 1885 and fully colonized Nigeria by 1914 using an indirect rule system through traditional leaders. This system aimed to administer the large territory with few personnel at low cost but had economic and social impacts on Nigerian society.
Republic of Mali (Updated)
Mali is a landlocked country in West Africa with a population of 16 million. It has a diverse landscape and shares borders with several countries. The economy centers around agriculture, fishing, and gold mining. Most Malians are Muslim and the official language is French. The culture is diverse and reflected in the music, art, and traditional festivals held throughout the country. Mali has faced instability in the northern region due to conflicts with rebel groups. The EU has established a training mission to help support the Malian military.
Political culture of somalia
The document discusses the political culture of Somalia, outlining three phases of political awareness among Somalis since independence: 1) hatred of colonialism, 2) increased awareness but limited political participation under dictatorship, 3) a complicated phase affected by ruling elites. It also examines how Somali culture and factors like geography, colonial division, and the 1969 military coup have shaped Somalia's unstable political system.
somalia geography ,clamite and economy at the siyad barre time ..
this presentation will be focused the Era of former president jaalle mohamed siyad bare's government and this part one wait next part two ..
Somali civil war
The Somali Civil War began in 1991 after the overthrow of dictator Siad Barre's regime. Barre had ruled Somalia since 1969 with Soviet support but faced increasing opposition after launching unsuccessful invasions of Ethiopia in the 1970s and 1980s. As clan opposition grew, Barre responded with violent crackdowns against real or imagined threats, exacerbating conflict along clan lines. After Barre's fall, Somalia lacked a stable national government for over 20 years as different clans fought for control of resources, leading to hundreds of thousands of deaths. The civil war continued into the 2000s with shifting alliances and the rise of militant groups like al-Shabaab.
Modern daychallenges
This document discusses modern challenges faced by developed and developing countries. Developed countries tend to have strong economies, educated populations with good healthcare access, and consume a large share of global resources. Developing countries have weaker economies with widespread poverty, lower education levels, and less healthcare access. Population growth and environmental degradation also present challenges. Other issues include immigration, technology gaps, ethnic/religious conflicts, and poverty. However, some argue that free market economies can help developing countries increase wealth and political freedoms, as seen in Asian Tiger economies like Taiwan and South Korea.
Why africa fails ucu mukono 14 mar 2013
This document discusses reasons why Africa has failed to achieve sustained economic growth and development. It argues that Africa needs sustained rapid economic growth through economic transformation and increasing exports rather than relying on aid. It presents the "Asian model" of prioritizing growth over democracy as an alternative model for Africa to follow. Some of the key reasons identified for Africa's lack of growth include lack of strong leadership, weak institutions, overreliance on foreign aid, small trade and export volumes, and copying of policies from developed countries without consideration of Africa's unique circumstances.
Tunisia: A Divergent Path
Here are 3 key sources that provide background information on Tunisia:
1. The Middle East (Text) - Provides an in-depth country profile of Tunisia covering history, politics, economy, foreign relations and more.
2. "Twenty Years of Change: Tunisia's Journey of Progress Continues" - Discusses Tunisia's political and economic development over 20 years leading up to 2008.
3. "Tunisia Country Report" from Economist Intelligence Unit - A comprehensive report analyzing Tunisia's political and economic situation, including forecasts.
Reginald M.J. Oduor (Nairobi, Kenya): Identity Politics in the Twenty-first C...
Reginald M.J. Oduor (Nairobi, Kenia):
Identity Politics in the Twenty-first Century: A Kenyan Perspective
Audiofile of the lecture (IWK, Vienna, 5.2.2014)
https://audiothek.philo.at/media/reginald-mj-oduor-nairobi-kenia-identity-politics-
Over the past four decades, ethnic and religious minorities, organisations of persons with disabilities, and feminist organisations among others have contributed significantly to the growth of identity politics, that is, competition for state power among interest groups. Nevertheless, many centralist regimes continue to suppress this mode of political expression through a »nationalist« discourse.
This paper examines identity politics in the twenty-first century, with special reference to the Kenyan experience. It observes that the dominant variety of identity politics in Kenya is ethnically-based, with more than forty-two ethnic groups competing for state power. Consequently, Kenya is a multi-ethnic state forcefully created by colonialism rather than a nation-state formed by a largely homogenous cultural group. Yet the dominant public political discourse continues to refer to the country as a »nation« or even a »nation-state«. Furthermore, although the Constitution of Kenya promulgated in 2010 to some extent acknowledges the right of ethnic groups to pursue their aspirations within the Kenyan polity, the elites of dominant ethnic groups continue to publicly castigate the articulation of ethnic interests while simultaneously executing political strategies based on those same interests.
The central argument of the paper is that for most of Kenya’s fifty years of political independence, the suppression of ethnically-based politics among the non-dominant ethnic groups has significantly contributed to socio-political instability in the country. Consequently, it proposes that Kenya’s long-term political stability is dependent on a shift from liberal democracy with its focus on the atomic individual to a mode of democracy that takes cognisance of the ethnic loyalties of the bulk of the country’s population.
Reginald M.J. Oduor: is Lecturer in Philosophy, Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, University of Nairobi. Latest Publication: »Ethnic Minorities in Kenya’s Emerging Democracy: Philosophical Foundations of their Liberties and Limits«, Lambert Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken 2012.
Political Science 2 – Comparative Politics - Power Point #10
Political Science 2 – Comparative Politics - Spring 2013 - Power Point Presentation #10 - © 2013 Tabakian, Inc.
Global Stratification: Race
The document discusses concepts related to global stratification and race. It begins by defining high, middle, and low income countries based on their standards of living and share of global wealth and income. It then examines theories of global stratification like modernization theory and dependency theory. The document explores how race is a social construct used historically to stratify societies and justify discrimination and racism. Different forms of discrimination are defined, from direct institutionalized to indirect forms. The document considers arguments against the existence of race and counterarguments like claims of reverse discrimination. It concludes by examining rationalizations commonly used to justify racism.
Philippines Peacebuilding and Development - Lawrence and Larkin (Apr 2015 YPIA)
The Philippines has a complex history with Spanish, Japanese, and American colonization that has led to ethnic, linguistic, and religious diversity. It gained independence in 1946 and endured a period of dictatorship before returning to democracy. However, corruption and weak governance continue to hamper development. Separatist insurgencies in the south, like the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, seek greater autonomy for Mindanao which was never fully controlled by Manila. The Philippines also faces security challenges in the South China Sea territorial dispute.
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Political Science 2 – Comparative Politics - Power Point #11
Political Science 2 – Comparative Politics - Power Point #11
Foreign Affairs: The Most Popular Countries in Debating Motions
Foreign Affairs: The Most Popular Countries in Debating Motions
somalia geography ,clamite and economy at the siyad barre time ..
somalia geography ,clamite and economy at the siyad barre time ..
Reginald M.J. Oduor (Nairobi, Kenya): Identity Politics in the Twenty-first C...
Reginald M.J. Oduor (Nairobi, Kenya): Identity Politics in the Twenty-first C...
Political Science 2 – Comparative Politics - Power Point #10
Political Science 2 – Comparative Politics - Power Point #10
Philippines Peacebuilding and Development - Lawrence and Larkin (Apr 2015 YPIA)
Philippines Peacebuilding and Development - Lawrence and Larkin (Apr 2015 YPIA)
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This lecture is part of the Sussex Development Lecture series: Achieving the SDGs: Synergies and Tensions.
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This lecture looks at the intertwined histories of development and climate change and argues that only a very different approach to development can help to address the climate crisis we currently face.
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
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5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
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Professor David Leonard, Sussex Development Lecuture, Feb 2012
- 1. Finding Order in Countries with Weak States: The Dilemma of the Somali Polities David K. Leonard Governance Team IDS
- 2. The Questions • The former Somalia has not had an effective state since 1991. • What are the causes and consequences of this statelessness? • How can an acceptable level of human security and order be found in these circumstances?
- 4. The Somali Polities Under Colonialism, • Somalis are a distinct ethnic group, with their own language and culture. • Largely pastoralist • Historically stateless • British Somaliland and (Italian) Somalia • (French) Djibouti • Significant numbers in Ethiopia (Ogaden) & Kenya (North-east Province)
- 6. Current Somali Polities • Djibouti (Somali dominated) • Somaliland (reasserted indepin 1991) • Transitional Federal Government – Mogadishu – Puntland (autonomous) – Mudug (autonomous) • Islamist (Kismayu and south-central) • Ethiopian Region V and Kenyan North-east
- 7. Livelihoods Under Statelessness • Livestock production and trade OK • Fishing hurt by EU toxic dumping • Inter-riverine crop production hurt and thus famine in south • Service infrastructure hurt as tax base is weak • Overall – probably better in north than under Barre’s state
- 8. Governance without States? • Order maintained by clan-based diya-paying groups of ca. 100 adult males • Tit-for-tat • Governance is highly egalitarian • But now also distorted by military and commercial patrons – Business Militias not v.v. • Contract enforcement through shariacourts
- 9. Location of Major Clan Families in 1950s
- 10. Islam: Not Whether but What Type • A good business partner is a good Muslim • All Sunnis, but in south – Sufis AhluSunnaWaljama'a – Wahabisal-Shabab
- 11. Failure of State-building from Above • Continuous international efforts since 1991 to recreate the Somalia state • All based on elite bargains and all have failed • Most recent is Transitional Federal Government (2004) • Ethiopian incursion of 2006 ended in failure and withdrawal • African Union stalled under Burundi & Uganda • Kenyan incursion of south?
- 12. Successful Governance from the Bottom • Somaliland – elders elder delegates in +4 month negotiations (1991-1993) • Puntland – in +3 month negotiations (1998) supported by militia leadership • SSC (Sool, Sanaag and Cayn) – looks 2 ways • Galmudug -- AhluSunnaWaljama'a&Hawiye clan • Kismayu and south – al Shabaab/ Hizbul Islam
- 13. Encouraging Governance • Interpeace (WSP); Bryden, Menkhaus • From the bottom • Without worrying about UN statehood, size or regularity • Encouraging through UN trust fund aid to whatever is working
- 14. Challenges -- Piracy • Puntland • Eyl but • Money & power • Don’t want to force into Islamist hands • More effective NATO corridors
- 15. Challenges – Terrorism in Kenya • Legitimate Kenyan interests • Now supported by Ethiopia (& US) • But can it succeed or will it exacerbate? • Negotiations inhibited by unwillingness to deal with Islamist polities or by lack of internal control? • Counter-attacks by drone?