3 different waves that took a role in.pptx

1. 3 different waves that took a role in
the establishment of more than 200
• the first wave was the First World War which
brought the collapse of the Ottoman Empire;
• the second was the Second World War which
put an end to the Europe's overseas
sovereignty;
• the third wave was the expiration of the Cold
War era which ended up with the collapse of
USSR

2. 2. Failed State notion and its
representations
• Helman and Ratner is setting three groups of
states whose presences are endangered: The first
group consists of Bosnia, Cambodia, Liberia, and
Somali as here the governmental structures have
been overwhelmed by circumstances. The second
group with the failing states such as Ethiopia,
Georgia, Zaire which could fail in the near future.
And the third group embraces the newly emerged
states after the collapse of the Yugoslavia and the
Soviet Union.

3. • Zartman (1995), in his work of ―Collapsed
State, offers a very basic definition on failure
which occurs when the basic functions of the
state are no longer performed
• Potter offers to classify the states under the
three qualities such as weak, failing, and
failed. Based on this quality Potter (2004)
offers the following categories: weak states‘,
failing states‘, collapsed states‘, and non-states

4. • failed state: Somalia to Yugoslavia, Ruanda, Haiti,
Liberia, Congo, Sierra Leone, and Afghanistan
• failed state has three decisive characteristics
1. An absence of bodies efficiently representing the
state. In other words, lack of government that can be
a legitimate partner in the negotiation process.
2. Intensive violence.
3. Need for humanitarian intervention. In practical
terms, it is the decision of the UN Security Council to
intervene that is used as the practical criteria for
enumerating the failed state.

5. failed states have been developed by scholars in the field as it follows:
Failed States are tense, deeply conflicted, dangerous, and bitterly
contested by warring factions;
 Failed States are states which cannot or will not safeguard minimal civil
conditions, i.e. peace, order, security, etc. domestically;
 Failed States can be defined in terms of their demise of the practical
operation of governmental functions for an internationally recognized
state;
 Failed states could be expanded if one were to include states facing
serious internal problems that threaten their continued coherence or
significant internal challenges to their political order.
 A failure can be also based on cultural indicators such as the restrictions
on the free flow of information, the subjugation of women, the inability
to accept responsibility for individual or collective failure, the extended
family or clan as the basic unit of social organization, the domination by
a restrictive religion, the low valuation of education, and the low
prestige assigned to work.

6. 3. Approaches on Definition of failed
state
1. The political and legal approach: internal and
endogenous problems, total or near total internal
collapse of law and order, absence of bodies capable,
on the one hand, of representing the State at the
international level, unreliable, typically acting as
statesman by day and bandit by night
2. The historical and developmental context:destroy
traditional social structures; general processes of
modernization which encouraged social and
geographical mobility but were not counterbalanced
by nation-building processes capable of placing the
State on a firm foundation

7. 3. The sociological perspective: monopoly of
power. In such monopole States, the police,
judiciary and other bodies serving to maintain
law and order, have either ceased to exist or are
no longer able to operate.
brutality and intensity of the violence used