How public servants should behave

1. Professional Conduct and Ethical Standard
Let’s begin with studying the Criminology program of CHED, Criminology 4 is now called
Professional Conduct and Ethical Standard, previously it is called police ethics and police
community relations because daing nila na hindi lahat ng crim graduate and criminology
passer goes into policing kaya pinalawak ang ethics. Ibig sabihin wherever you perform
your profession, atleast professional ka at alam mo kung papaano umasta. It will help
us not only sa profession noh pero kung paanu ang asal mo sa pakikitungo sa tao. Lalo
na kau mgboboard na, pagkagraduate mo at mgkadegree ka, PROFESSIONAL kana.
This course deals with the professional conduct and ethical standards of professionals,
and as Criminologists in practice of their profession and field of specialization;
governing ethical codes-both in government and private sectors and their relevance to
human relations.
Aalamin din natin dto ung code of ethics o batas na sinusunod ng mga government
officials, ung tamang dealing, etc.
Course content: Philosophy of Ethics, Morality, Standard Behavior, Values, and Social
Norms.
Pag nakita ninyo, ang ganda ng paglalakbay nyo sa pag-aaral noh? Mula sa
batas ng criminal law, what causes criminality, what causes criminal behavior, forensics,
mga theories noh what causes biological, social, and geographical criminality, ung
biological build natin, body natin, at lahat ng parte ng tao inaral natin lalo na sociology-
learning theory noh, mas mahaba ang exposure mo mas affected ka nya, from juvenile
delinquency, paanu ngkakaroon ng juvenile to human behavior, nature vs nurture ng
environment, sakit sa personality, lahat ng disorder, pati na insanity, psychopathy,
sociopathy. Akala kasi ng tao pag criminoly batas2, baril2, marcha2, hind! Very wide
and applied science ng criminology, lahat ng available applied science gnautelize ng
criminology. Pinag-aaralan nga hanggang sa relationship ng victim sa akusado o sa
perpetrator eh.
ETHICS – the science of morality of human acts; the study of human motivation, and
ultimately of human rational behavior; derived from the Greek word, ethos, which
means characteristic way of acting and ethiko, which means customary
Ibig sabihin ang pag-aaral ng human acts ay may process. Diba yung procedure
ng biological drive, yung desire na hindi maganda, pero depende kasi yan sa pagbuild
sayu, ung training mo sa pagpipigil-ethics, conduct-yung struggle sa internal struggle o
internal control, discipline at yung maayus na pagttrain sau ng gobyerno, ng magulang,

2. at ng teachers mo. Those sciences ang pinag-aaralan sa morality, yung study of
motivation, yung WHY? Ang tanong bakit mo ginawa yon? Anu ang nagtulak sayu na
gumawa ng rational or irrational behavior, rational-alam mo ang mgiging resulta ng
gagawin mo.
ETHICS- The determination of what is right and wrong.
Kunwari may ethical standards ka, yung standard nay un ang gagawin mong
guide/parameter or gauge mo, pansukat mo. Ex. May ginawa ka. Sasabihin ng ethical
standard mo “oi mali yan/oi tama yan” Yan ang magsasabi anu ba ang good or bad?
Ang ethical standards ang magiging basehan ng iyong kaparusahan, kunwari may
ginawa ka, pumirma ka ng sinumpaang salaysay pero puro kasinungalingan pal, anu
mangyayari? Anu tawag jan? Diba Perjury? May kaparusahan ba? Syempre Meron? So
anu meaning non? Ethical standards din ang magdedetermine kung dapat ka bang
irepriman or isanction kapag meron kang ginawang hindi maganda. My ginawa kang
maganda, anu gagawin ng ethical standards? Ay very good ka, tuloy mo yan, gwapo ka.
Morailty-the quality which makes an act good or bad, good or evil, right or wrong.
Yung ethics ang ating determination, yung morality naman ang kalidad ng iyong
ginagawa, kung mas aba or tama. For example how I treat you, ung aking pagtuturo, is
my teaching a moral one or not? Yung pakikitungo mo sa tao, is it moral or not? Yung
kalidad ng iyong pag-ttrabaho, pagbubusiness, is it moral? You see my point?
3 Distinctions:
1. Moral – Good, right
2. Immoral – Bad, wrong
3. Amoral – neither good nor bad
Ex. Uy si Sir kung magturo Ethical sya, ngunit masama naman ang pagtuturo ko o mali
ang tinuturo ko sayo? Naku si Sir immoral. Gets nyo bah?
Kaya kayu kapag nagging pulis kayu, wag kayu magnakaw ng konti, damihan nyo nah
kase pareho naman eh, nagnakaw kana rin, tama ba?----tama class? Lol;)
Pag pinagtapat mo ngayun yung Ethical standard ko at quality of morality ko, SYempre
hindi, kasi nga yung way ko ng pagtuturo sayu ay Unethical at Immoral. Gets nyo na ba
class? Mli ang magnakaw class
Pag amoral naman ano? Hindi sya mabuti, hindi sya masama, in short neutraliy-meron
ba nyan?

3. Para sakin class noh? Yan ang pinakamahirap na distinction ng morality. May
mga nakikita akong masama class, nasa paligid ko yan, mahirap magpagitna. Dapat
class may paninindigan ka talaga nyan eh.
HUMAN ACTS – Acts that are done knowingly, deliberately, and freely
Knowingly-when the person fully understand what he is doing and has the ability to
fully appreciate the consequences of his actions. Alam mo yung ginagawa mo at alam
mo yung kahihinatnan ng ginagawa mo.
Deliberately-when the person did his actions intentionally. Intent, yung pinurpose mo o
sinadya mong gawin ang isang bagay.
Freely-when a person performs his actions voluntarily.
Ex. Anu tawag sa pagpasok nyo ditto? Pumunta ka ng classroom para matuto
(knowingly), sinadya mong pumasok sa classroom (deliberately), voluntary kang
pumunta dto. You know why you are here, You intended to be here, and because you
voluntarily came here. Easy as that class.
Sir paano yung insane? Yung embecile? Masasagot yan ng RPC.
2 DIVISIONS OF ETHICS
General Ethics-The general principles of Morality
Special Ethics-the study of application of the general principles of morality; included
in this division is the category of professional ethics
Gen Ethics-Yan yung pangkalahatang pag-aaral ng morality in general, ang morality ay
may general principle.
Special Ethics-the moment na ispecialize mo ang isang ethics, hindi na sya
pangkalahatan, yung ethics para sa isang grupo lanh. Paanu yung ethics ng mga
professional? That is special ethics, Saan nagfafall ang ethics na pag-aaralan natin
ngayon? Sa Special ethcs dahil ethics sya para sa mga professional at hindi
pangkalahatan, class.
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
1.) A set of moral code to which every profession must subscribe; For example
may code of conduct ang criminologist: Ex. A criminologist shall uphold the law, enforce
the law with due diligence and respect, protect the constitution and the rights of the
people, must be simple in lifestyle, a servant to all, maintain peace and practice

4. maximum tolerance at all times, never betray the court and his profession, etc. Ibig
sabihin yung professional ethics na toh, dapat kang magsubscribe, dapat kang maki-
ayon dahil ito ang standard ng pagiging isang pulis.
2.) Guides the professional where the law is silent or inadequate. Nakasaad na
sa bata kung hanggang saan ang pwede mong gawin at hindi mo pwedeng gawin
POLICE ETHICS
-An example of Professional Ethics. -Sub ng professional ethics
-A practical science that treats the principal of human morality and duty as
applied to law enforcement. Tandaan na ang law enforcement ang isa sa inyong
practice of profession. Pag nagging pulis ka, hindi pulis serbis ang iyong profession,
hindi law enforcement, isa kang criminologist. Law enforcement is the practice of your
profession.
Kapag, sa awa ng diyos, maging RCRIM kayu, maging proud kau class dahil yan
ang magpapakita na mahal mo ang propesyon mo, Kung saan ka man mapunta, lagi
mong iuuphold yung ethics na meron ang propession mo.
VALUES – Anything that a person considers important in life, such as material things,
ideas and experience
Now we have values. Ethics, yan ang standards mo kung anu ang tama at mali.
Morality, yan ang ginagawa mo; kung tama ang ginagawa mo moral ka, kung mali
naman immoral ka. Feeling mo pare-pareho lang yan noh?
Now, kung paano ako umact, kung paano ako mabuhay, alam nyu kung anu vinavalue
ko. Kapag nagtuturo ako, kung paanu ako magsalita, yung lagi nyong naririnig un ang
vinavalue ko. Pagmamahal sa pamilya, faith, edukasyon, karunungan; the word value is
intertwined with the word “halaga”. Kung paanu ko bigyan ng halaga ang isang bagay,
un ang value ko. Yung values ko ang magrereflect kung ano ang pinapahalagahan ko.
Yung pinapahalagahan ko, magiging action ko sya class-Ibig sabihin, yung pinag-
uugatan ng aking moralidad ay ang values ko. For example, kung ang vinavalue ko sa
buhay ay pera, anung gagawin ko? Magnanakaw ako, manggagantso ako, kung bakit
ako gagawa ng isang bagay, dahil yun sa values. Kapag tinrace mo bad ang
pagnanakaw diba? Pera lang kasi ang mahal ko. Bakit nagiging immoral ang mga
politico, ang mga pulis o public official? Kasi masama ang values nila.
Class, hindi ko sinasabi na wag ninyong bigyan ng halaga ang pera hah. Mahalaga pa
rin ang pera dahil yan ang currency natin, ang sinasabi ko class is wag ninyong gawing

5. masamang values ang pera, wag kayong masisilaw sa salapi class dahil ang pera
nahahanap yan. Kung mabuti ang ugat ng aking morality, hindi ko kau nanakawan,
hindi ko kayu gagantsuhin. Values will be the reason of your action.
Now, kung gusto mo namang icheck yung morality kung good or bad ito, check mo
yung ethics-because ethics is the determination of right and wrong.
KINDS OF VALUES
1. Biological values – those that are necessary for survival, such as food, shelter,
clothing, sex, water, sleep
-includes the physiological needs of man as man
Yung mga pinapahalagahan natin na may kinalaman sa katawan natin. Mga
bagay na without them, we will not survive physically-in short class is ito yung basic
necessities natin. Included ditto ung ano-Mga pangangailangan ng lalaki bilang isang
lalaki, at pangangailangan ng babae bilang isang babae. Of course, hindi pwedeng
kailanganin ng isang lalaki phyisiologically ang napkin o tampon!
2. Psychological Values – those that are necessary for emotional fulfillment of
man, such as relationships, companionship, family, friendships, and love
Diba I told you class that when you look at the psychological part of man,
kasama jan yung emotion. We behave because of what we feel, we behave because of
what we experience. Kasama jan class yung mga ugnayan mo, even Adam was not
created alone-Diba may kasabihan class na “No man is an Island”? Ito yun class
3. Intellectual Values – those that are necessary for the intellectual fulfillment of
man, such as achievements, career, success
Ito naman yung intellectual aspect ng buhay mo. Class nag-aaral kayu dahil
pinapahalagahan nyo yung intellectual values nyo. May gusto kayung marating sa
buhay, gusto nyung mangarap ng isang career. You are acting that way because you
are valuing education, you want to achieve what you want to achieve, you want to have
a career, you want to be successful. Now, kung paano ka mag-act ngayun, I can see
your intellectual values.
For example class hah: Ako; nakapagtrabaho ako sa DFA sa HCSAD after kong
gumraduate ng college, nagging Ambassador of Goodwill naman ako, pumasa ako ng
NAPOLCOM nung 2017, Nag-aral naman ako ng Lawschool at the same year and
subsequently pumasa naman ako ng BFP Fire Officer Exam nung 2018, while naglalaw
school ako, gumraduate ako ng Lawschool with awards at ngayun naman ay meron

6. akong career sa Legal Profession. Bakit kaya ako ganyan class? Bakit ganyan ang mga
nangyari sa buhay ko? Simple lang ang sagot jan class, dahil sa intellectual values ko.
Don’t worry class dahil kung kinaya ko alam ko makakaya nyo rin yan Godwilling. The
mere fact na nandito ako ngayun sa harapan nyu is because of Intellectual value.
4. Moral Values – those that are necessary for the spiritual fulfillment of man
Ang pinapakita ko sa inyo class, ang tao hindi lamang para kumain, matulog,
uminom, mabuhay. Hindi lang tau puro pagmamahal, pamilya, edukasyon, or intellect.
Lalo na class spiritually, diba yung action mo dahil sa values mo? Magpursigi ka para sa
sarili mo, magpursigi ka para sa pamilya mo, pagpursigi ka para sa career mo; wag
mong kalimutang balancehin yan lahat. Wag na wag mong kakalimutan ang diyos class,
maniwala kayo madaming pagsubok ang dumadaan sa buhay ko, pwedeng pwede
akong mandaya, magnakaw, gumawa ng masama, ano ang pumigil sakin? Moral Values
class. Hindi ako nakakalimot na mgdasal ng limang beses sa isang araw bilang isang
muslim, regardless of religion, class kayu rin, wag kayung makakalimot mgpasalamat sa
diyos.
PIZZA PIE vs GULONG
Now class, bakit ba mahalaga ang Moral value? Ganito yan class, check mo lahat
ng aspeto ng buhay mo. Self, Family, career, hobby, basic needs; now chineck mo lahat
ng bahagi ng buhay mo, sabi nila para maging balance ka dapat daw matutukan mo
lahat yan. Class imagine mo isang upuan na mai apat na paa, pagkaputol nung isa
tutumba yan, sabi nila ifulfill mo daw lahat yan, pag may pinabayaan ka hindi ka
successful. Bakit walang nagiging successful dito? Kung ikaw ay sobrang galling sa
trabaho usually napapabayaan mo pamilya mo, pag sobra ka naman sa pamilya
napapabayaan mo trabaho mo, pag sobra ka naman sa study napapabayaan mo health
mo. Tuturuan ko kayu class, ang buhay class hindi pizza pie, ang buhay gulong yan.
The problem class is not time management, Diba yung gulong may spoke-rayos diba?
Pag tinanggalan mo yan ng isa, hindi na balance diba? Sir, saan papasok ang moral
value jan, yan yung GLUE class. Dapat ang glue yung spiritual value mo. diba yung
values mo magiging action mo sa morality? Maniwala kayu class, madaming tukso sa
buhay ko; pwedeng pwede akong mandaya, pwedeng pwede akong magnakaw,
pwedeng pwede akong gumawa ng masama. Alam nyo class ayokong iproject ang sarili
ko sa inyo na isa akong perpektong tao dahil malayu pa ako class. Kahit gaanu ako
katino, kahit gaanu ko pa kamahal ang misis ko magkakaroon pa rin ako ng desire na
lokohin sya at gumawa ng masama, matutukso pa rin talaga ako, lahat ng tao may
desire na masama, pero dahil sa spiritual o moral values ko nababalance ko lahat ng
TAO

7. yan. Ibig sabihin dahil maayus ako spiritually, maayos ang family ko, dahil maayos ako
spiritually maayos ang health ko, dahil maayos ako spiritually maayos ako needs ko,
ganyan class.
May kwento yan class actually. May isang taong mayaman na may magarang
sasakyan, Lamborghini; ngayun tumirik yung sasakyan nya at ang tigas clutch, ginawa
na nya lahat pinunta sa shop at pinaayos pero hindi talaga maayos. Nagyun may isang
taong dumaan na ngddrive ng tractor, ngvolunteer na ayusin ang sasakyan, konting
kulikot, umandar ang sasakyan, in fact mas maganda pa ang andar kesa sa dati at yung
clutch grabe ang ganda nan g pedal. Ngayun tinanong nung nagpaayos sabi nya :Sir,
anung pangalan mo?” sabi nya Ferruccio Lamborghini – yung taong gumawa mismo ng
sasakyan, alam nya lahat ng pasikot-sikot ng sasakyan nay un. Mind you class na ang
Lamborghini company ay nagsimula lamang bilang isang tractor manufacturing
company, ngayun sikat na sikat na brand nan g sasakyan, mga mayayaman lang
nakakaafford. Anu lesson dun sa moral value? Class walang ibang nakakaalam ng
buhay natin kundi yung mismong lumikha sa atin – yun ang diyos, kaya wag na wag
kayung makakalimot class spiritually dahil iisa lang ang diyos na nakakaalam ng lahat2
sa buhay ng bawat tao. Gets?
Eh Sir, paanu kung maayos naman lahat sayu pero spiritually pero hindi maayus
ang relasyon nyu ng misis mo? Eh class wala na sayu ang problema, bawat tao kasi
may kanya kanyang moral values, kahit anung ayos mo kung hindi maganda moral
value ng ibang tao wala ka nang magagawa jan. Class, hindi ko sinasabi na magdasal
ka ng magdasal hanggang maging banal ka hah, ang sinasabi ko class is ayusin mo ang
relasyon mo sa diyos dahil kahit ganun pa ang situasyon maaapektuhan mo pa rin ang
ibang tao, i-model mo muna. Then people will see that something good is happening
sau, maaamaze sila, kaya magiging lead example ka at maniniwala sila.
VIRTUE
- A Habit that inclines the person to act in a way that harmonizes with his nature
- The habit of doing good
- The opposite is vice, the habit of doing bad
Key word jan class is HABIT, kaugalian. Ito yung naghaharmonize ng lahat ng aspeto
ng buhay mo. Alangan namang isang beses mo lang gawin ang isang magandang
bagay, need mo syang gawing habit-kaugalian mo na ang mabuting Gawain nay un.
Class, ito sya ang kabaliktaran ng bisyo-kapag masama ang habit, bisyo sya class.

8. Kapag nakaugalian mong gumawa ng masama-bisyo(Vice). Kapag nakaugalian mong
gumawa ng mabuti-virtue
FOUR MORAL/CARDINAL VIRTUES
o Prudence – The ability to govern and discipline oneself by means of reason and
sound judgement
- The virtue that attracts the intellect to choose the most effective means for
accomplishing what is morally good and avoiding what is evil
Pag may kakayahan ka na pamunuan ang sarili mo, kontrolin ang sarili mo, disciplinahin
ang sarili mo - May prudence ka. Kapag di mo mapigilan ang sarili mo, paanu mo pa
aayusin ang buhay ng isang tao? Tandaan: hindi karapatd-dapat na maging isang
leader ang isang taon walang pasensya, ni hindi nya kayang pigilan ang bibig nya, hindi
nya kayang kontrolin ang temptation nya na manakit-wala syang prudence.
Attracts the intellect daw class, anu ito? Dahil sa pagiging prudent mo class, you know
how to govern yourself, mas magiging matalino ka saan? Sa pagpili ng effective means
sa paggawa ng isang bagay. Katalinuhan sa pagili ng paraang mabuti at iavoid ang
masamang paraan – the act of choosing the best choices presented at the given
moment. Gawin mo yung pinakaeffective means na gawin ang trabaho mo. Nakasunod
ba tau? Parang wisdom sya pero may choices at control, wag sa masama.
o Temperance – one’s ability to moderate or avoid something
- The virtue that regulates the carnal appetite for sensual pleasures
Ito class yung PAGTITIMPI. Lalo na sa inyo, sa line of work nyu minsan kailangan yung
anu? MAXIMUM TOLERANCE. Ito yung kakayahan mo na maavoid ang isang bagay.
Halimbawa niyaya ka, pre shot – Oh tukso…layuan mo ako! Pag nakaya mong
tanggihan yun, temperance.
Virtue that regulates carnal appetite, pag napigilan mo yung mga sensual pleasures nay
an. Halimbawa, may asawa ka tapos may umaaligid sayu, anu gagawin mo? SIge na
nga, di naman alam ni misis eh. NO. Hindi, hindi ko lolokohin ang asawa ko, hindi ako
magkakasala ng dahil ditto.
o Fortitude
1. Patience – the calmness and composure in enduring situations
Alam mo yung may pinagdadaanan ka pero composed ka pa din. Yjng
meron kang tibay ng loob na hindi madaliin ang isang bagay lalo na kung
ito ay makakasama kapag minadali.
2. Perseverance – the ability to go on despite the obstacles

9. Kahit may humadalang pa sayu, sige lang tuloy lang. SIge na, tuloy pa,
wala nang makakaawat pa. Ang ability na magpatuloy sa kahit anung
hadlang.
3. Endurance – the ability to last
Yung kakayahan mo naman na magtagal sa anu mang sinusuong mo.
Nakikita nyu yung pattern nya?
o JUSTICE
- The virtue that inclines the will to give to each one of his rights
- Kung may masamang nagawa, ibigay mo yung penalty na nararapat sa kanya.
Kung may maganda syang nagawa, gantimpalaan mo sya. Kung may sense of
habitual justice ka o virtuous justice, lagging nanjan ang isip mo na ibigay sa isa
ang nararapat para sa kanya-yan ang sense of justice.
- It is the principle of equality and fairness
3 Divisions of Justice
1. Commutative – virtue that regulates actions that involve the rights that exist
between one and another
Kung paano mo pangasiwaan o pangalagaan ang right ng bawat isa.
Kakayahan mong iobserve at ipractice
2. Distributive – Regulates those actions that involve the rights that an individual
may claim from society
Matapos mong pangasiwaan, ibigay mo o idistribute mo yung para sa
kanila. Kung papaano nila macclaim yung karapatan nila ng fair;
karapatan mo yan, karapatan mo ito, karapatan mo yan sir..
3. Legal – virtue that regulates those actions which society may justly require of
the individual for the common good.
Class pag legal it means under the law. Pwede mong irequire sa masa o
sa isang tao ang isang bagay na makakabuti for the common good.
Bigyan mo ng equal na responsibiladad ang mga tao dahil para ito sa
kabutihan ng nakrarami. Sir, Paanu ung VAWC? ;)
RIGHT
 Anyhting that is owed or due; Something na dapat ay sayo
- Something to which a person has a just and lawful claim

10. - Anything that a person can lawfully demand; anu mang bagay na meron kang
karapatan, gaya nito is yung bill of rights: the right to remain silent, the right to
life, the equal protection of the law, pwede mong idemand sa gobyerno na
inherent sayo. Iba ang privilege class dahil ang privilege pwedeng bawiin yan.
HUMAN RIGHTS
 Supreme Rights – Highest form of rights; lahat ng right
 Inherent rights – rights attached to men as humans; Parang trait, nasasayu nay
an mula pagkapanganak mo, the right to life, pagkapanganak mo may karapatan
ka nang mabuhay, human rights, automatic yan class.
 Inalienable rights – rights that cannot be transferred, cannot be bowrrowed and
cannot be taken away; pang-alien? Yung human rights hindi pwedeng kunin,
hindi pwedeng hiramin, hindi pwedeng ipamigay.
Sir, kelan ba nabuo ang Human rights na yan? During world war II, madaming rights
ang naviolate, madaming war crimes ang nacommit, madaming buhay ang Nawala-
casualties anu other word dito? Rules of War class. Nabuo ang UN, at gumawa ng
International Declaration of Human rights, Inilista nila lahat ng Human rights na dapat
mayroon ang isang tao. Yan ang isa sa pangunahing agenda ng UN. Philippines is one
of the signatories of this declaration, at ung iba inadopt ito sa kanilang constitution.
BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS
1.) Right to Life – Ang duty ng pulis to serve and protect, what? Human Lives and
properties, walang katumbas ang buhay ng tao, pati pulubi class may right na ganyan
Exceptions:
o Self-defense – Walang kayang pumatay class, maliban lang kung
pinoprotektahan mo ang iyong sarili, kaya nga class sa Criminal Law merong
Justifying circumstances of self- defense, defense of a relative, defense of
another, kasi dba nga life is very important.
o Death under exceptional circumstances – Anu example nito? Ung Euthenization,
alam nyu anu un? Yan ung pipiliin ng isang tao na mamatay nalang kaysa
magsuffer, katulad nito ung sa mga ospital class ah, aalisin nalang ang
intubation sa ICU para hindi na mahirapan pa ang isang taong brain-dead.
o Death penalty – May mga nagkasala na after due process is guilty pa rin beyond
reasonable doubt, kung may death penalty ang bansa nyo, pwedeng magpataw
ng death penalty.

11. 2.) Right to Liberty – Karapatang maging malaya, walang makakalimit sa pupuntahan
mo, wherever you wanna go, walang makakapigil sayo.
Exceptions:
o For reasons of public health and public safety – anu halimbawa nito? Pandemic
(COVID-19)-diba may Enhanced community quarantine? Anu sabi ni Kim Chiu-
Bawal lumabas o bawal lumabas, Gyera, terrorismo-Marawi siege, mga
Rebellion-wag kang pumunta sa warzone. Anything class na magsasabing ang
health ng general public o ang safety ng general public ay nasa peligro, pwedeng
ilimit ang Kalayaan mo. Halimbawa
o Penalty for commission of a crime – Diba kapag nagcommit ka ng crime pwede
kang makulong? So pwedeng malimit ang Kalayaan mo, oo temporary pwede
kang makalaya-pyansa pero hindi ka pwedeng pumunta sa ibang bansa at
anytime na ipatawag ka ng korte kailangan mong umatted
o Circumstances of warrantless arrest – diba when a public officer has personal
knowledge that a crime is being committed, has been committed, or about to be
committed? Anu tawag dun? Probable cause..at kapag nahuli ang akusado
diretsong malilimitahan ang kanyang liberty; hot pursuit noh at escaped from
prison.
Beyong that class, hindi pwedeng iconstrain ang iyong right to liberty.
3.) Right to Property – ito class yung karapatan mong gamitin, idispose,
panghawakan, jus abutendi (abuse), jus vindicandi (recover), hindi pwedeng ideprive
sayu ang property na pagmamay-ari mo class
Exceptions:
o Circumstances of warrantless search – halimbawa kahinahinala ka, pwede kang
istop at ifrisk
o By virtue of a court order – Ito yung search warrant, anu ang kailangan jan class
probable cause
BILL OF RIGHTS
Doctrine of the Supremacy of the Constitution – The Constitution is the highest
law of the land. Any law passed that is inconsistent with it shall be Null and Void.
 a list of individual liberties, freedom and rights which are guaranteed and
protected under article III of the 1987 Constitution

12.  Protection of Individuals against abuse of state – the Constitution class
guarantees na hindi matatapakan ang iyong karapatan, kahit gobyerno pa ang
kalaban, diba ang hirap? Gobyerno kakalabanin mo. Example, Yung gobyerno
kumuha ng Lupain mo kasi daw gagawing National ROad tapos sabi thank you,
TY na lang, edi natapakan ang Right to Property mo? Kahit gobyerno pa yan
class, ipaglaban mo ang karapatan mo. PAG NASA KATWIRAN, IPAGLABAN MO!
Diba class? San yan mahahanap? Section 9, Article III of the Constitution, anu
nakalagay don? “Private property shall not be taken for public use without just
compensation.”-Guaranteed yan under the constitution class.
 Protection of the rights of the accused – Due process of Law class, pati mga
akusado may karapatan class, bakit? Para may proteksyon ka na hindi
pagsamantalahan. Imagine mo yun class, yung akusado nga eh pinoprotektahan
ng Saligang bata, ikaw pa kaya na hindi akusado?
DUTY
 Anything we are obliged to do or to omit
 A moral obligation incumbent upon a person doing, omitting or avoiding
 For every right, there is a corresponding duties and responsibilities
Ngayon ang lakas ng loob mo, sasabihin nyo karapatan naming ang
magkaroon ng edukasyon, librenmg gamutan, mag-assemble as citizen of
the Philippines! Pero hindi nyu naman ginagawa responsibly-puro kayu
tapon ng basura, etc. Wala kayung proper decorum, in short mga wala
kayung galang. May karapatan tau, pero may kaukulang kaakibat na duty
yan class.
 Bilang mamamayan, tunkulin mon a ipagtanggol at p[rotektahan ang ating
konstitusion, tungkulin mong magbayad ng tax, tungkulin mong maging isang
MABUTING MAMAMAYAN.
Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) Oath; Professional conduct and
ethical standards:
So class diba nadiscuss na natin ang ethics, morality, values, virtue? Now under sa
Ethics diba mayroong Professional Ethics? Sino ang nagbabantay sa atin jan? Si PRC.
Now class, ang tanong ay bakit? Any profession na may kinalaman sa buhay ng isang
tao, may board exam dapat yan, dapat licensyahan ng gobyerno, bakit? Dahil
kailangang maregulate, in what way? Thru the examination of at least from the most
basic to the most complicated subject. Ibig sabihin class, may buhay na nakasalalay sa

13. criminology. The state recognizes that criminology involves human life, imagine mo’
serve and protect human life, public order, public safety.
 You possess the minimum competency and knowledge in the performance of
your profession
 Yung dapat alam ng isang criminologist at dapat kaya ng isang criminologist ay
pinoposess mo. Ibig sabihin, nasaan ka man, daladala mo ang Quality assurance
(ibig sabihin approved ka ng gobyerno, You have what it takes to be a
criminologist)
 Hindi kau inferior sa ibang kurso class hah, di porke doctor yung iba, nurse, o
educ yan, mas mababa kau. Equal kau class sa kanila basta pumas aka ng PRC
board.
 Alam nyu ba sino chairman ng PRB, yung humagawa ng question? Professional
regulatory board? Si Chairman Atty. Gabao, RCRIM ang chairman ng lahat ng
ngpapaexam sa PRC board exam.
Importance of Oath taking
RA 11131 – An act regulating the practice of criminology profession in the Philippines,
an appropriating funds therefor, repealing for the purpose RA no. 6506
An oath is a solem promise, often invoking a divine witness, regarding
ones’s future action or behavior. This is the reason why nearly all professions have
oaths; they use these words as a binding contract to hold them accountable for their
ethical actions, behaviors, and ultimately, their decision.
Class, bago ka maging pulis, sundalo, o politico, nanunumpa sila. Para kahit sa anu
mang trabaho na gawin nila, may tulog at kita sila ng panginoon, diba divine witness?
Ultimo marriage class may panunumpa yan, hind nga lang under sa PRC, pero bakit
may panunumpa? Dahil pinaguusapan jan ang buhay nila, remember class
magpapamilya yan sila, gagawa ng anak, kaya number one dapat ang diyos na witness
sa kanilang pag-iisa.
Why is oath-taking important then?
The oath is an important ceremonial gesture signifying the official start of one’s
term in office. Importantly, it is a means of the official to make a public commitment to
the duties, responsibilities and obligations associated with holding public office.
What about sa court class? Nagtatake ba ng oath?

14. Why is it important for the nation that professionals bind themselves with an
oath of office?
One purpose of the oath of office is to remind the government workers that they
do not swear allegiance to the supervisor, an agency, a political appointee, or even to
the president. The oath is to support and defend the Philippine Constitution and
faithfully execute their duties.
Now, naiipit ka between sa pangulo at sa saligang batas, anu pipiliin mo?
Remember class, always mong piliin ang saligang batas. Kung illegal ang utos say o
pwedeng pwede kang tumanggi class.
Is an oath legally binding?
An affirmation has exactly the same legal effect as an oath but is usually taken
to avoid the religious implications of an oath; it is thus legally binding but not
considered a religious oath. In some jurisdictions, an affirmation may be given only
if such a reason is provided.
[Singit “panunumpa ng propesyonal”
COURSE CONTENT: Philippine Registered Criminologist: Professional Conduct
and Ethical Standards.
CANON OF ETHICS FOR REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGISTS
ARTICLE I – Primary Responsibility of Registered Criminologist
The primary responsibility of every person admitted to the practice of
Criminology as a Registered Criminologist is to bear faithful allegiance to the Republic of
the Philippines and be loyal to his profession. They shall accept as a sacred obligation
and responsibility as citizens to support the Constitution of the Philippines and as
Registered Criminologist to defend the principles of liberty as defined in the COnstituion
and Laws.
- Class, we are upholder of the law. We will be supporting and upholding the
liberty given to us by the Constitution. Tandaan class, hindi ka tagalabag ng
batas. Protector ka ng buhay at kalayaan na iginawad ng Saligang batas sa
mamamayan.

15. As Registered Criminologist, they shall strive to improve their effectiveness by
diligent study and sincere attention to improvement and welcome the opportunity to
disseminate relating to matters accruing to the benefit of public safety and welfare.
- Class, walang criminologist na mapag-iiwanan. While I am teaching, I am sharing
with you knowledges. Tungkulin ko kase yun class, bilang isang teacher at isang
legal professional, tungkulin ko na idevelop ang sarili ko, mag-aaral din ako. In
short, hindi dapat ako mangalawang, para matiyak na hindi madedeny ang
hustisya at serbisyo na dapat ibigay o dapat matanggap ng publiko.
- Class, hindi naman ako vlogger eh, hindi publicity ang habol ko, hindi yung para
makakalap ako ng views kasi yun ang serbisyo ko sa publiko, hindi. Kaya kahit
anu pa mang dami ng mga sympathizers o bashers, wala akong pakialam. Bakit?
Dahil may sarili akong paraan kung papaano ko maibabahagi ang mga kaalaman
na tinataglay ko bilang isang tao papunta sa publiko o sa ibang tao. Pwede
akong magpublish ng nobela class tapos ang kwento about sa isang criminology
student tapos lalagay ko don lahat ng pwede kong maiapply as a professional in
legal practice. Remember class, sa panahon natin ngaun kung saan social media
ang nauuso, wag na wag ninyong kakalimutan na hindi sa internet umuiikot ang
mundo.
ARTICLE II – LIMITATION OF AUTHORITY
The first duty of a criminologist as upholder of the law is to know its bound upon
him, be aware of limitations and prescription and recognize the system of government
that gives to no man group of institution absolute power. He must ensure that he is
prime defender of system and such must never pervert its character.
- Hindi ka above the law, taga-uphold ka, tagapag-ingat, tagapagpatupad ka ng
law. Rememebr, walang absolute power, kahit ang pangulo kaylangang yumuko
sa batas, kahit pagdeclare ng holiday: for example: By the power vested in me
by the law; I, Ferdinand Macos, Jr., declare Oct. 7, 2023 as a National Non-
working holiday. Tungkulin mo class na depensahan ang systema na
ipinatutupad sa ilalim ng batas, at wag na wag mong aabusuhin ang authority na
ibinigay sa iyo ng batas.
- Class, lahat ng kurso sa Pilipinas, maaappreciate mo ang Criminology bilang isa
sa mga pangunahing kurso na TAGAPAG-INGAT ng batas. You can say talaga na
kayu ang PRIME defender of the system.
They shall in the performance of their duty be just, impartial and reasonable,
never according anyone more preferential treatment than another. They shall
recognize and at no time use the power of their profession for personal advantage.

16. - Class, napapanood nyo ba yung mga pulis na umaabuso ng chapa nila? Wag
nyung gagayahin yun hah, yung sina Nuezca, Gonzales, at si police corporal Roel
Arot-yung latest ngayun yung ngtanim ng sigarilyo, binasahan pa ng Miranda
Rights, para maticketan yung seller sa leyte, siguro naghahabol lang un ng quota
class;)
- Justice is equal protection, impartial treatment yan class. Wala kang papanigan,
wala kang kakampihan, at wala kang papabora.
- Sa lahat ng oras, sa lahat ng oras class hah, hindi mo gagamitin ang authority na
ibinigay sayo para sa pansarili mong kapakanan. Hindi yung kapag nacheckpoint
ka, bigla kang magsasabi “Pulis ako!” Class, I have Campo Crame ID, I have
Paralegal ID, at ROWALD ID sa pinagttrabahuhan ko ngayon, but I never used it
for my own benefit. May pagkakamali ka panagutan mo, may pagkakamali ka
bayaran mo ang ticket. Class, nangyari sa akin yan, nahuli akong walang
seatbelt, pero wala akong nagawa kundi tubosin ang Licensya ko, bakit?
Kasalanan ko eh, di ko sinabi na “Oi alam ko ang batas, wala ako kasalanan!”
Anu ginawa ko, natuto ako. Mula ngayun, disiplinadong driver na ako.
ARTICLE III – PRIVATE CONDUCT
The registered criminologist must be mindful of his special identification by public
as an upholder of the law. He must never be lax in conduct or manner in private life,
express disrespect for the law, nor seek to gain special privilege that would be reflective
upon the profession. He must so conduct his private life that the public will regard him
as an example of stability, fidelity, and morality.
- Class, kapag licensyado ka nah, maging isa kang magandang impluwensya at
modelo. Wag mong ibababa ang batas, lalo na kung may lumalabag nito, kahit
ikaw pa. maging tapat kah, sa tungkulin mo, sa asawa mo, sa jowa mo, sa
pamilya mo. Ikaw ay gumawa ng tama at mabuti. Pinakamagandang example ko
ditto class yung bayaw ko, very down to earth. Hindi mo mapapansin sa kanya
na pulis sya kung hindi sya nakauniporme. Sobra nyang inaaalagaan ang faith
nya at ang pamilya nya.
He must strive to elevate the standing of the profession in the public mind,
strengthen public confidence in law enforcement, develop and maintain complete
support and cooperation of the public and insure the effectiveness by encouraging
complete cooperation of members for their mutual benefit.
- Class, ito mahirap. Kapag nakikita ng mamamayan ang isang pulis, anu una
nilang nararamdaman, TAKOT. Bakit? Dahil sa talamak na katiwalian at pang-
aabuso. Ngayun class, ang duty mo ay pangalagaan ang imahe ng isang law

17. enforcer, ang gawin nyong goal ay kung papaano na ang isang myembro ng
mamamayan ay makaramdam ng relief imbis na takot kapag nakikita ang
presensya nyo. Thru that, panigurado madaming makikipagcooperate sa inyo at
ang clnclusion, lahat kayo makakabenefit o makikinabang.
ARTICLE IV – CONDUCT TOWARDS THE PUBLIC
The Criminologists remind at all times that dignity, fairness and genuine
willingness to help are Essential to their public image and their ability to do a good job
The criminologists must be mindful of their responsibility to the whole
community, deal with individuals of the community in a manner calculated to instill
respect for its laws and their profession.
They shall be habitually corteous and accept their responsibility by being
punctual and expeditious in their engagements and duties.
They shall regard their profession as a public trust and in the discharge of their
duties, bear constantly in mind their obligation to serve the public efficiently and
effectively.
ARTICLE V – ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE PROFESSION
The CRIMINOLOGIST shall strive to make the best application of science to the
solution of crime, by diligent study and sincere attention to self-improvement, and in
the fields of human relationships, strive for effective leadership and public influence in
matters affecting public safety.
- So Pirvate, Public, and then profession
- Alam nyo class, and mga Criminologist ay Social Scientists, pero patunayan mo
yon, use science in the solution of crime, dapat scientific approach; magaling sa
forensic science, magaling ka sa research, magaling ka sa leadership.
- Human relationship noh? Impact class, dapat may impact ka sa society, sa ibang
tao; yung sasabihin ng tao na mabait ka, tama ang ginagawa mo at hindi ka
gumagawa ng mali.
He shall appreciate the importance and responsibility of his profession as an
honorable one rendering valuable service to his community and country. They shall
strive to attain certain of the most withering cross examination particularly from fellow
criminologist and associates.
- Patriotism class

18. - Kung hindi mo iniisip ang halaga ng ginagawa mo, isipin mo hindi ka si superman
na tututukan mo ang Pilipinas, remember: lahat ng marami nagsisimula sa konti.
Kunwari lahat toh Kurap, halimbawa lang hah; paanu kung ngayong kurap ka
tapos kinabukasan ayaw mo na maging kurap, may nagbago bah? YES or NO?
Yun bang kahapon at ngayun nagbago bah? YES? Therefore, agent ka ng
pagbabago. Noon, hindi mo ganun pinapahalagahan ang pamilya mo, ngayun
nagbago ka nah, isang sign at word of god lang ang kailangan o isang salita
mula sa isang taong modelo mo o hinahangaan mo ang kailangan.
- Paanu naman kung Sir, iba na sya, nagbago na sya sa akin, feeling ko hindi nya
na ako LOVE..haha, ibang usapan nay un class. Dahil ang pagbabago na
minimean ko ditto ay pagbabago na nagsisimula sa sarili mo at hopefully
makakahawa sa mga tao sa paligid mo.
- Tandaan nyo ito; never nagging kamukha ng kahapon ang ngayo, kahit gaano
kaliit yan, may magbabago. Ibig sabihin mahalaga ang serbisyuong ginagawa
nyu, kahit gaanu pa man ito kaliit class.
He shall avoid outside influence from overzealous and overanxious clients and his
findings shall be based solely and entirely on logical and scientific deduction derived
from impartial examination personally performed by him.
- Sir, simplehan natin hah; hindi ka basta2 patitinag class, anu mang sabihin ng
ibang taong agrabyado o mas mataas na position sayo, hindi mo ibabago; kung
anu ang findings mo, paninindigan mo.
- You are not proving; meron ka nang resulta patutunayan mo lang, naghahanap
ka ng back-up sa gusto mong palabasin; halimbawa: kung sakali man na ang
goal ni Ms. Galvez ay pabagsakin/mapagsala si Megew, maghahanap yan sila ng
paraan/butas para idiin at mapagsala si Megew. Proving yan class. Now, if totoo
na nag-iimbistiga lang si Galvez para malaman kung anu ba talaga ang totoo
gamit ang mga ebidensya ukol sa mga bintang kai Megew, tawag doon probing.
Tanong ngayun class, anu ang ginagawa ni Tulfo? Proving bay an o Probing?
He must never lose sight of the important fact that he should not only work for
the identification, apprehension and conviction of criminals, but must strive with greater
if not equal vigor to clear the innocent.
- Class, anu ba trabaho ng criminologist, malaman lang ba kung sino ang may
sala? Hindi class, sobra nating sundin mga procedures ng arrest, warrantless
arrest, Miranda rights, etc. tapos minsan happy na tau kasi may naaapprehend
tau, may nahuhuli tau. Remember class na lahat ng tao, kahit pa nahuli sa akto
at naaresto, meron yan silang Right to be presumed innocent. Hindi mo pwedeng

19. ideny ang mga karapatan na meron sila class, dahil may mga ibat-ibang dahilan
kung bakit nakakapatay o nagkakasala sa diyos ang tao.
- Remember class, yung mga nagkasalang nakulong, may prison time yan para
magbago sila at magreflect sa mga ginawa nila; pero class, yung mga taong
nakulong ng walang sala, wala na class, sira na buhay ng mga yan. Kawawa sila
noh? Dapat class, siguradyuhin ninyo na sa lahat ng pagkakataon talaga tama
ang ginagawa ninyo at walang pag-aalinlangan na tamang tao ang inaaresto
ninyo; kaya nga tinatawag na “guilty beyond reasonable doubt eh.”
ARTICLE VI – ATTITUDE TOWARDS FELLOW CRIMINOLOGISTS
The Criminologists shall strive constantly to improve professional standing of
Criminology through association with others in the profession and keeping abreast with
the fast moving world of science and technology through constant research and
development.
- Class, let me tell you about the Professional Criminologist Association of
Competitives, because now it is an IPO (Integrated Professional Organization).
Diba ang sa abogado IBP, now pag pumas aka ng board, automatic members ka
ng PCAC, ibig sabihin sa PCAC ka mananagot kapag may kasalanan ka, sila rin
ang pwedeng magrecomment kapag may ginawa kang maganda, lalo na sa
promotion.
- 2nd sentence class, sinasabi ditto wag nyong hayaan na mapagiwanan kayu ng
fast-moving science and technology.
He shall cooperate fully with fellow criminologists regardless of personal
prejudice. He should however, be assured that such action is proper and in accordance
with law and guard against the suit of this office or person, knowingly or unnknowingly
in any improper or illegal action. He always bear in mind at all times that it is not
sufficient to be proficient in one’s work, he must also have a high sense of justice, a
belief in the dignity and worth of all men and proper motivation and attitude. He must
possess a sense of dedication to his profession and a sense of duty and obligation to his
fellowmen.
- Class, hindi sapat na proficient kalng sa work mo, mahalaga ang dignidad, ang
dedication, ang obligasyon sa kapwa tao, at higit sa lahat dapat mataas ang
tiwala mo sa katarungan.
He shall cooperate with fellow Criminologists and public officials to the end that
the safety and general welfare of the public will be assured, never permitting jelousness
or personal differences to influence their professional duties and obligations.

20. - Wag kang inggitero, wag kang seloso; kaakibat ng mga opisyal ang mga
criminologists tungo sa kaunlaran at progress ng bansa.
ARTICLE VII – CODE OF ETHICS
The Universally accepted Code of Ethics for Law Enforcement shall be
temporarily adopted pending formulation of a more specific code that embraces all
aspects of Criminology.
- So class wala pang Code of Ethics ang mga Criminologists, inadopt muna ang
Code of Ethics ng Law Enforcement bilang universally accepted code of ethics.
Pero class, ang PRC bumuo ng Committee para sa Code of Ethics na naangkop
sa mga Criminologists.
LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS
As a Law Enforcement Officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to safeguard
lives and property; to protect the innocent against deception; the weak against oppression or
intimidation, and the peaceful against violence or disorder; and to respect the constitutional
rights of all men to liberty, equality and justice. I will keep my private life unsullied as an
example to all; maintain courageous calm in the face of danger, scorn or ridicule; develop self-
restraint; and be constantly mindful of the welfare of others. Honest in thought and deed in
both my personal and official life, I will be exemplary in obeying the laws of the land and the
regulation of my department. Whatever I see or hear of a confidential nature or that is confided
to me in my official capacity will be kept ever secret unless revelation is necessary in the
performance of my duty. I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings, prejudices
animosities or friendships to influence my decisions. With the compromise for crime and with
relentless prosecution or criminals, I will enforce the law courteously and appropriately without
fear or favor malice or ill will, never eploying unnecessary force or violence and never accepting
gratuities. I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of public faith, and I accept it as a
public trust to be held so long as I am true to the other of the police service. I will constantly
strive to achieve these objectives, and ideals, dedicating myself before God to my chosen
profession . . . law enforcement.

21. OATH OF OFFICE FOR PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES, and CODE OF
CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS AMONG GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS AND
EMPLOYEES
All public officers and employees of the government including every member of
the armed forces shall, before entering upon the discharge of his duties, take an oath
or affirmation to uphold and defend the Constitution;
- Ito lagi kong sinasabi ito class; pangunahing tungkuling ay to defend the
Constitution, ang saligang batas, walang mas mataas sa saligang batas –
pundasyon ng batas, kaya sa law enforcement including public service, and
armed forces, laging nasa oath ang defend the Constitution. Upon recruitment na
ito sya class hah
That he will bear true faith and allegiance to it; obey the laws, legal orders and
decrees promulgated by duly constituted authorities;
- So dito makikita mo ang allegiance dapat nasa Republic of the Philippines. Pansin
nyo diba, pag government office or job ang pinasok natin, isa sa requirement
must be a Natural born Filipino Citizen, hindi discrimination ito class hah; pag
Pilipino solid ang allegiance nyan eh, yung lupang sinilangan mo pangangalagaan
mo at poprotektahan mo talaga yan. Proud ka sa Country mo; ngayon paano mo
maipapakita ang allegiance? By following the law, legal orders, and decrees
promulgated by duly constituted authorities. Dpat para ifollow mo, meron syang
authority over you, hindi naman pwede na susundin mo utos ng tambay kasi
allegiance, hypocracy nay un class :)
- Tandaan nyo class, sa pagtatrabaho lagging to the best of your ability.
and that he voluntarily assumes the obligation imposed by his oath of office, without
mental reservation or purpose of evasion.
- Wala kang sama ng loob, wala kang pag-aalinlangan, wala kang intention na
pumasok para makaiwas sa accountability.
- Aminin natin class, madaming mas magagandang school for Criminology bukod
sa atin, pero meron taung something unique, na kahit iba hindi nila magaya2,
paano natin yan mapprove? Meron taung Board passers sa Criminology. Hindi
tau nahuhuli, kaya class privilege ninyo ang makapag-aral ditto, iappreciate
ninyo, iappreciate natin ang scool natin.

22. Republic Act No. 6713 February, 20, 1989
An Act Establishing a Code of Conduct and Ethical standards for Public Officials
and Employees, to Uphold the Time-Honored Principle of Public Office Being a Public
Trust, Granting Incentives and Rewards for Exemplary Service, Enumerating Prohibited
Acts and Transactions and Providing Penalties for Violations hereof and for Other
Purposes
Kung meron kang oras para magbasa, magbasa kana ditto hah. Para sa review
hindi ka mahirapana, kung di ka pa nakakapagsimula, simulant mo na. Haha!
o Section 1. This Act shall be known as the “Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards
for Public Officials and Employees.”
Sinu mang employee ng gobyerno, elected o appointed, permanent or
temporary/job order; basta nasa gobyerno ka, kahit GOCC pa yan, dapat alam mo ang
batas na ito.
Now, why do we have this law?
o Section 2 - Declaration of Policies. It is the policy of the State to promote a high
standard of ethics in public service. Public officials and employees shall at all times
be accountable to the people and shall discharge their duties with utmost
responsibility, integrity, competence, and loyalty, act with patriotism and justice, lead
modest lives, and uphold public interest over personal interest.
Now class, again, as I told you, this is the rationale on why we have this law.
Now class, can you observe high ethical standard in our public service today? YES or
NO? Maybe as of now, hindi mo pa alam. The only people who gets the public service is
the judge, is the public satisfied with your service? Nakakalungkot minsan talaga class,
ang mga mamamayan isinuko ang ilang karapatan nila sa gobyerno para sa ikabubuti
ng kanilang welfare; hindi para sila ay pagnakawan, hindi para sila ay
pagsamantalahan, at lalong hindi para sila ay sabusuhin at kikilin/iharass.
Class diba sinabi ko na sa inyo, Public service is public trust; pinagkatiwala
lamang ng mga mamamayan ang kanilang karapatan sa gobyerno o sa grupo ng mga
tao para irepresent ang mga karapatang ginarantya sa kanila ng 1987 Constitution,
maging tagapagsalita nila.
Ngayon seryoso ito class hah. Kapag kayo naging mga Pulis, Public Official or
Elected Public Official; tatandaan nyo na kapag may Corruption na kumatok sa inyo
tinanggap mo, tatandaan mo; pupunta ako sa opisina mo, kahit hepe kappa ng pulis, at

23. sasabihin ko sa harap mo na wala kang kwentang tao. Always remember na kahit
maging hepe kappa, pulis, o board passer, hindi mo maiaalis na naging teacher mo ako
at ikaw naging estudyante ko. Kayang kaya kong sabihin sa harapan mo na wala kang
kwenta dahil hindi ito ang itinuro ko sayo. Hindi ka naging publc official para kumita ng
pera o magpayaman, kaya nga public service is a public trust eh, tapos sisirain mo yung
tiwalang ipinagkaloob sayo? Yung oath na sinumpaan mo wala nalang yon?
Iwasan nyo na pahirapan ang mga tao, kasi pwedeng pwede nilang sabihin na
“Huy, ayusin mo trabaho mo, kami nagpapasweldo sa inyo!” Susumbat ka, napapagod
din naman kami Sir/Maam eh, pagpaguran mo yan; kasi public service ang ginawa mo,
in tagalog pagsisilbihan mo talaga sila dahil mahihina sila, magkakagulo yan sila kapag
hindi nyo sila pinagsilbihan ng maayos, kaya kapag may nagrereklamo, ibig sabihin may
problema ang systema. Dapata ang systemang may problema, ayusin. Tingnan nyo sa
DFA, langhiyang DFA yan, passport lang pahirapan pah, sa ibang bansa isang araw lang
meron kana. Sa LTO, inaabot ng months plaka mo, licensya mo ni hindi maplastik. Kahit
buong semi to lang pag-usapan natin class, itong batas lang na ito, matatagalan tayo.
May sakit, public hospital, naghahanap ng downpayment, kung wala ka pambayad
hahayaan kang mamatay, yang PhilHealth!? Naku!
Oh ayan kakatapos lang ng Barangay Elections, kapag may reklamo kayo tapos
gusto nyo magsampa ng kaso o magpabayad ng danyos, tapos ang kapitan malapit sa
kabilang party, sabi nya magkasundo nalang kayo, tama ba yon? Remember, ang
trabaho ng Punong Barangay ay tulungan ang naaapi, hindi tumulong na apihin sila. So
kapag ganyan ginawa ni kapitan, san kayo magsusumbong? On what grounds? Under
RA No. 6713.
Section 3. Definition of Terms. - As used in this Act, the term:
(a) "Government" includes the National Government, the local governments, and
all other instrumentalities, agencies or branches of the Republic of the
Philippines including government-owned or controlled corporations, and their
subsidiaries.
– lahat yan class ha, central government, LGU, Departments, Agencies,
bureaus, GOCC. Dati yang Meralco atin yan, ngayun hindi na, pati ba naman
tubig ngayun bayad nah, baka sa susunod pati hangin may metro nah, kailangan
mo nang bilhin.
(b) "Public Officials" includes elective and appointive officials and employees,
permanent or temporary, whether in the career or non-career service, including
military and police personnel, whether or not they receive compensation,
regardless of amount.

24. – Mga politico, kahit gaano kababa, lahat ng may attachment sa
gobyerno, lahat ng may tungkulin sa gobyerno, temporary ka man o permanent,
basta ikaw ay may trabaho sa gobyerno; anu man ang sahod mo, ikaw ay public
official.
(c) "Gift" refers to a thing or a right to dispose of gratuitously, or any act or
liberality, in favor of another who accepts it, and shall include a simulated sale or
an ostensibly onerous disposition thereof. It shall not include an unsolicited gift of
nominal or insignificant value not given in anticipation of, or in exchange for, a
favor from a public official or employee.
– Anu ito? In short, anu mang bagay na ibigay nang isang tao sa isa pang
tao na regalo.
(d) "Receiving any gift" includes the act of accepting directly or indirectly, a gift
from a person other than a member of his family or relative as defined in this Act,
even on the occasion of a family celebration or national festivity like Christmas, if
the value of the gift is neither nominal nor insignificant, or the gift is given in
anticipation of, or in exchange for, a favor.
– Pagtanggap ng regalo. Ito madaming tumatanggap nito, alam nyo class,
ang pagtanggap ng regalo ay hindi bawal, ang bawal dito ay ang pagtanggap ng
gift na may inaasahang kapalit, alam nyo bakit dinidiscuss ito? Dahil ang reaglo
sa public service, nagbubukas ng korupsyon, utang na loob class. Kapag may
ginawa o binigay na maganda, pagdating ng araw, pwede ba akong humingi ng
pabor sayo? Ang iniiwasan ng batas dito ay yung magbukas sya ng daan sa
corruption.
(e) "Loan" covers both simple loan and commodatum as well as guarantees,
financing arrangements or accommodations intended to ensure its approval.
– Mahirap maging taga-London sa government lalo na kapag permanent
ka, loan dito, loan doon;) Class hirap bayaran nyan, anu gagawin kapag hindi na
kaya, kulang na ang source ng income, magnanakaw nay an, magsisimula
nayan.
(f) "Substantial stockholder" means any person who owns, directly or indirectly,
shares of stock sufficient to elect a director of a corporation. This term shall also
apply to the parties to a voting trust.
– Ito class, sa GOCC ito naaapply. Ang tawag sa mga myembro ng
corporation, mapaBOD pa man yan o BOT; example, Lanbank, GSIS, Philhealth,
SSS, PCSO, DBP, etc.
(g) "Family of public officials or employees" means their spouses and unmarried
children under eighteen (18) years of age.

25. – Asawa, mga anak-under 18 years of age.
(h) "Person" includes natural and juridical persons unless the context indicates
otherwise.
(i) "Conflict of interest" arises when a public official or employee is a member of a
board, an officer, or a substantial stockholder of a private corporation or owner or
has a substantial interest in a business, and the interest of such corporation or
business, or his rights or duties therein, may be opposed to or affected by the
faithful performance of official duty.
– Ito class, meron kami neto sa opisina, meron din nito sa mga lawyers.
Halimbawa, sa opisina naming class merong bidding, bakit need ng bidding,
bidding para sa mga contractors, halimbawa National highway ng tantangan ang
ibuibuild tapos magbibid jan mga contractors, pwede ban a dalawang contractor
ang gumawa ng project? Hindi class, kasi magkakaroon ng conflict of interest,
kaya iisang contracting company lang talaga yan class.
- isa pa class, is yung karelative mo ang isa sa mga parties na involved, in
order na maging impartial at malinis ang kaso, kailangan hindi ka makialam sa
kasong iyon dahil magiging conflicting sya sa duty mo; conflict of interest.
(j) "Divestment" is the transfer of title or disposal of interest in property by
voluntarily, completely and actually depriving or dispossessing oneself of his right
or title to it in favor of a person or persons other than his spouse and relatives as
defined in this Act.
– Yung imbis na para sa isang tao, tinanggal mo para mapunta sa ibang
tao. Ito real life ito class na scenario hah, inalis sa listahan ang mga taong
nangangailangan sa 4Ps, pinalitan ng kamag-anak o ginagawang utang na loob.
EH hindi naman nya ganun ka-kailangan, anung resulta? Ngcclaim ng 4Ps naka-
Louis Vuiton?
(k) "Relatives" refers to any and all persons related to a public official or
employee within the fourth civil degree of consanguinity or affinity, including bilas,
inso and balae.
– Ito class, madami kang makikita na ginagamit ito; backer system, bawal
sa isang opisina na mayroong magkakamag-anak, bakit; magkukunchabahan
ang mga yan. Kaya usually class halos walang magkamag-anak jan.
Section 4. Norms of Conduct of Public Officials and Employees. - (A) Every public
official and employee shall observe the following as standards of personal conduct in
the discharge and execution of official duties:

26. (a) Commitment to public interest. - Public officials and employees shall always
uphold the public interest over and above personal interest. All government resources
and powers of their respective offices must be employed and used efficiently,
effectively, honestly and economically, particularly to avoid wastage in public funds and
revenues.
- Commitment. Kahanga-hanga ang mga taong ito, nakakaya nila na
umangat ang position nila, irerespeto mo siya not because of his rank but
because of his integrity and honesty, rare breed na ang mga ganito class.
No matter kadelay ang sahod, wala silang sinasayang na panahon. Kaya
ako bilib na bilib ako sa ganito eh, kaya ako class hanggat makakaya ko
tlaga, kahit gaanu ako kastressed; hinding hindi ako nagbbreak kung hindi
ko kailangan, minsan ultimo lunch ko mga 2pm ko na nakakain; hanggat
may claimant ako, kakausapin ko, hindi ko ipagkakait sa kanila ang
serbisyo na deserved nilang makuha kahit gaano pa sila kahirap.
(b) Professionalism. - Public officials and employees shall perform and discharge
their duties with the highest degree of excellence, professionalism, intelligence and skill.
They shall enter public service with utmost devotion and dedication to duty. They shall
endeavor to discourage wrong perceptions of their roles as dispensers or peddlers of
undue patronage.
- Ito, ang isang taong propesyonal; na nagtataglay ng karunugan at
kakayahan. Isang taong dedicated sa serbisyo; isang taong aalisin ang
maling paningin ng publiko sa kanila. Alam ninyo class, kapag may
naeencounter ako na claimant na matatagalan pa bago nila maclaim ang
compensation nila, nasasaktan tlaga ako class. Kasi yung iba vulnerable
na, matanda nah, underprivileged pah, kailang nila tlaga na extra-effort
para makuha nila ang serbisyong dapat matanggap nila.
(c) Justness and sincerity. - Public officials and employees shall remain true to
the people at all times. They must act with justness and sincerity and shall not
discriminate against anyone, especially the poor and the underprivileged. They shall at
all times respect the rights of others, and shall refrain from doing acts contrary to law,
good morals, good customs, public policy, public order, public safety and public interest.
They shall not dispense or extend undue favors on account of their office to their
relatives whether by consanguinity or affinity except with respect to appointments of
such relatives to positions considered strictly confidential or as members of their
personal staff whose terms are coterminous with theirs.
- Wag mong gagawin yung kasalungat ng sinumpaan mong tungkulin.
Sabi ko nga diba, sa 4Ps madalas, kamag-anak ni ganito, partido ni
ganito, pamilya ni ganito. This is hypocracy talaga class. Nakakawala ng
respeto sa mga nagseserbisyo sa publiko. Tapos ito mas mahirap,
dinidiscriminate yung mga taong mababa lang ang antas sa buhay, para
maiangat ang kapamilya.

27. (d) Political neutrality. - Public officials and employees shall provide service to
everyone without unfair discrimination and regardless of party affiliation or preference.
- Kapag binoto mo, kaalyado mo; madali kang makakalapit. Nakita nyo ba
yung sa Bitag? Yung pinunit ni Kapitan ang papeles para sa scholarship
kasi kontra partido sila, tama bay un class? Tama ban a gawin yun? Mind
you class hah, nangyayari yan sa buong pilipinas, hindi lang sa isang
barangay.
(e) Responsiveness to the public. - Public officials and employees shall extend
prompt, courteous, and adequate service to the public. Unless otherwise provided by
law or when required by the public interest, public officials and employees shall provide
information of their policies and procedures in clear and understandable language,
ensure openness of information, public consultations and hearings whenever
appropriate, encourage suggestions, simplify and systematize policy, rules and
procedures, avoid red tape and develop an understanding and appreciation of the
socio-economic conditions prevailing in the country, especially in the depressed rural
and urban areas.
- Yung mga pamamaraan sa agency na pinagttrabahuan, dapat efficient
ang pagresponde mo sa publiko. Sa isang linguwaheng madaling
maintindihan, nababasa ng publiko, at handa kayong sagutin ang mga
inquiries at katanungan nila.
- Ito totoo, responsive lang sa publiko kapag kampanya sa eleksyon; si
politico kinamayan mo, nagmano kay lola, nagpicture2 pah; ngayon, asan
na siya?????? Nakikita nyo pa bah????? Sagutin nyo class.
(f) Nationalism and patriotism. - Public officials and employees shall at all times
be loyal to the Republic and to the Filipino people, promote the use of locally produced
goods, resources and technology and encourage appreciation and pride of country and
people. They shall endeavor to maintain and defend Philippine sovereignty against
foreign intrusion.
- Pagmamahal sa bayan. Maging tapat ka sa bayan mo at sa mga kapwa
mo Pilipino. Tangkilikin mo ang sariling atin, mahalin mo ang mga
produkto natin; at panatilihin mo ang public order and safety para sa
bayan. Alam nyo class, yang Nationalism and Patriotism; hindi mo nakikita
yan, pero sobrang pinapahalagahan yan ng bayan.
- Ito class hindi ito sa pagmamayabang hah, may Shop doon sa Cotabato
ang pangalan “Sariling Atin;” May binili akong pantalon doon, 2nd year
college ako, hanggang ngayon nagagamit ko pa rin. Maong lang yan sya
class hah, heto nga napunit na, nagsisimula an syang magfade pero
buhay pa rin sya. Anu pah, Marikina shoes, yung mga Jeepney, alam nyo

28. class, wala namang mawawala kung bibili kayu ng produktong pinoy eh,
basta wag lang Made in China
(g) Commitment to democracy. - Public officials and employees shall commit
themselves to the democratic way of life and values, maintain the principle of public
accountability, and manifest by deeds the supremacy of civilian authority over the
military. They shall at all times uphold the Constitution and put loyalty to country above
loyalty to persons or party.
- Civilian authority is at all times higher than the Military; an example of
that is the President who is a Civilian is the Chief of Staff of the Military.
Bakit, eh anjan ang military and law enforcement para protectahan ang
mga sibilyan eh, hindi para lalo silang saktan at perahan. Kaya democray
tau diba, A government of the people, for the people, and by the people.
Kaya may election eh, kaya may sweldo ang mga public officials eh, kaya
may gobyerno dahil sa mga ordinaryong tao.
(h) Simple living. - Public officials and employees and their families shall lead
modest lives appropriate to their positions and income. They shall not indulge in
extravagant or ostentatious display of wealth in any form.
- Ito class hah, hindi masamang maging mayaman. Kung ito ay iyong
pinaghirapan. Malinis ang konsenya mo na ang sweldong pinambili mo
nitong bagay na ito ay hindi galling sa masama o sa corruption. Yung
namumuhay ka ng marangal at may dignidad. Hindi mo pinapakita sa tao
na may kaya kah, bagkus ay itutulong mo pa ito sa iba ng hindi
kagdaramot at sa patas na pamamaraan.
- Alam nyo madali lang itong sabihn class, pero napakahirap isabuhay.
Dahil pinapangako ko sa inyo, madaming temptation ang daraan, na
kailangan nyong tanggihan para lang magawa ninyo ito.
(B) The Civil Service Commission shall adopt positive measures to promote (1)
observance of these standards including the dissemination of information programs and
workshops authorizing merit increases beyond regular progression steps, to a limited
number of employees recognized by their office colleagues to be outstanding in their
observance of ethical standards; and (2) continuing research and experimentation on
measures which provide positive motivation to public officials and employees in raising
the general level of observance of these standards.