The literature discusses how the Tea Board of India provides financial and technical support to various tea research institutes and organizations. This includes the Tea Research Association and United Planters' Association of Southern India - Tea Research Foundation. The Tea Board also directly operates the Darjeeling Tea Research and Development Centre and sponsors various research projects and schemes related to tea cultivation, quality standards, and technology development.
The document is a summer internship project report submitted by Jagdish Sadhariya to Gujarat Technological University in Ahmedabad, India. It details his 48-day internship at Umiya Tea & Food Pvt. Ltd. in Rajkot, Gujarat, where he studied customer satisfaction for Umiya tea. The report includes sections on the company profile, production, human resources, marketing, and finance departments, as well as research methodology and findings/suggestions.
A Comprehensive Project report on tea industryBhavik Parmar
This document provides a detailed overview of the history and development of the tea industry globally and in India. It discusses the origins of tea drinking in China in the 4th century AD. It then outlines the spread of tea cultivation and consumption throughout Asia and later to Europe starting in the 16th century as the Dutch and British East India Companies began trading tea. The document also describes the three main tea growing regions in India - Darjeeling, Assam, and Nilgiri - and their distinctive tea varieties. It includes a timeline tracing major developments in tea history from 2737 BC to the late 1600s.
This document is a study proposal submitted by Mayank Sarode to Som Lalit Institute of Management Studies regarding a study of the growth pattern of tea makers ("Chay Kitli Walas") in Ahmedabad with respect to the 7 P's of marketing. The study will be conducted under the guidance of Dr. Shrikant Rakhe and aims to understand the factors influencing the business of tea makers in the unorganized sector of Ahmedabad. Mayank Sarode declares the project to be original work and seeks approval from the institute to fulfill requirements for his PGDM program.
This document provides an overview of Sabar Tea Packers and Process, a leading tea brand in Sabarkantha district, India. It discusses the company's history since 1965, current management structure, and philosophy of building long-lasting relationships and being socially responsible. It also includes sections on the introduction of tea, the characteristics of tea including types and quality, the history of tea, and an overview of the tea industry.
INTRODUCTION
INDIAN TEA INDUSTRY
MAJOR PLAYERS IN TEA INDUSTRY
STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OR INDUSTRIAL ANALYSIS
DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL
ANALYSIS OF TEA INDUSTRY
FUTURE SCOPE
Human Resource Management Practices in Tea Gardens of Bangladesh: A Case Stud...Masum Hussain
An attempt has been made in this assignment to understand the human resource management practices of tea gardens in Bangladesh. In fact, human rights of the tea gardeners as a whole are yet to be exposed in our country. This assignment deals with different aspects of human resource management practices of the tea gardeners, focusing on some significant issues of social, economic, political and cultural life of those people. Special attention has been paid on the knowledge of the people regarding gender equity, importance of education, good governance, labor law etc. The assignment also investigates the attitude of mainstream people towards the tea gardeners and the way tea gardeners think of the people of mainstream society. It has been suggested in the assignment that all out efforts must be made to raise awareness among the tea gardeners about human rights and related matters.
Generally, it is assumed that the people working in different tea gardens all over our country have been leading a life of untold misery. But the life of these working people has not yet been investigated much. At present there are lots of population are involved with this industry in Bangladesh. The most of the labors are illiterate. Sometimes they don’t know how to write their name. The company arranges some training for them in very less time. The training and development programs in case of labors are not in satisfactory level. They learn by doing their work. The labors are not conscious about their different facilities also. Sometimes some organizations come to make them inform about different conscious facilities. But most of the times they are not attend in the seminar or program. Labors health conditions are not also in a satisfactory level, because of high drinking of alcohol. But they are getting the free medical facilities from the company. Labors are also getting some other benefits such as Residential facility, Food, Education facility, Job Security and Entertainment facility. On the other hand to be a managerial level employee it is highly education is needed and sometimes it is needed to do some other courses with this high education.
India is fourth biggest exporter of tea on the planet after China, Sri Lanka and Kenya. Upper east India (like Assam) and north Bengal (like Darjeeling District) are the primary tea developing areas of the nation. Darjeeling tea can't be developed or fabricated anyplace else on the planet. India is one of the biggest tea expending nations as three-fourth of the nation's aggregate generation is devoured locally.
India has a long history with tea production and was once the largest producer and exporter of tea. The document discusses the origins and major tea growing regions of India, the different varieties of Indian tea, and provides statistics on production and exports. It also analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing the Indian tea industry, noting increasing competition from countries like Kenya, Sri Lanka, and China that have lower production costs. The key challenges for India include high costs, remote plantation locations, and declining market share in major importing countries.
The document is a summer internship project report submitted by Jagdish Sadhariya to Gujarat Technological University in Ahmedabad, India. It details his 48-day internship at Umiya Tea & Food Pvt. Ltd. in Rajkot, Gujarat, where he studied customer satisfaction for Umiya tea. The report includes sections on the company profile, production, human resources, marketing, and finance departments, as well as research methodology and findings/suggestions.
A Comprehensive Project report on tea industryBhavik Parmar
This document provides a detailed overview of the history and development of the tea industry globally and in India. It discusses the origins of tea drinking in China in the 4th century AD. It then outlines the spread of tea cultivation and consumption throughout Asia and later to Europe starting in the 16th century as the Dutch and British East India Companies began trading tea. The document also describes the three main tea growing regions in India - Darjeeling, Assam, and Nilgiri - and their distinctive tea varieties. It includes a timeline tracing major developments in tea history from 2737 BC to the late 1600s.
This document is a study proposal submitted by Mayank Sarode to Som Lalit Institute of Management Studies regarding a study of the growth pattern of tea makers ("Chay Kitli Walas") in Ahmedabad with respect to the 7 P's of marketing. The study will be conducted under the guidance of Dr. Shrikant Rakhe and aims to understand the factors influencing the business of tea makers in the unorganized sector of Ahmedabad. Mayank Sarode declares the project to be original work and seeks approval from the institute to fulfill requirements for his PGDM program.
This document provides an overview of Sabar Tea Packers and Process, a leading tea brand in Sabarkantha district, India. It discusses the company's history since 1965, current management structure, and philosophy of building long-lasting relationships and being socially responsible. It also includes sections on the introduction of tea, the characteristics of tea including types and quality, the history of tea, and an overview of the tea industry.
INTRODUCTION
INDIAN TEA INDUSTRY
MAJOR PLAYERS IN TEA INDUSTRY
STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OR INDUSTRIAL ANALYSIS
DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL
ANALYSIS OF TEA INDUSTRY
FUTURE SCOPE
Human Resource Management Practices in Tea Gardens of Bangladesh: A Case Stud...Masum Hussain
An attempt has been made in this assignment to understand the human resource management practices of tea gardens in Bangladesh. In fact, human rights of the tea gardeners as a whole are yet to be exposed in our country. This assignment deals with different aspects of human resource management practices of the tea gardeners, focusing on some significant issues of social, economic, political and cultural life of those people. Special attention has been paid on the knowledge of the people regarding gender equity, importance of education, good governance, labor law etc. The assignment also investigates the attitude of mainstream people towards the tea gardeners and the way tea gardeners think of the people of mainstream society. It has been suggested in the assignment that all out efforts must be made to raise awareness among the tea gardeners about human rights and related matters.
Generally, it is assumed that the people working in different tea gardens all over our country have been leading a life of untold misery. But the life of these working people has not yet been investigated much. At present there are lots of population are involved with this industry in Bangladesh. The most of the labors are illiterate. Sometimes they don’t know how to write their name. The company arranges some training for them in very less time. The training and development programs in case of labors are not in satisfactory level. They learn by doing their work. The labors are not conscious about their different facilities also. Sometimes some organizations come to make them inform about different conscious facilities. But most of the times they are not attend in the seminar or program. Labors health conditions are not also in a satisfactory level, because of high drinking of alcohol. But they are getting the free medical facilities from the company. Labors are also getting some other benefits such as Residential facility, Food, Education facility, Job Security and Entertainment facility. On the other hand to be a managerial level employee it is highly education is needed and sometimes it is needed to do some other courses with this high education.
India is fourth biggest exporter of tea on the planet after China, Sri Lanka and Kenya. Upper east India (like Assam) and north Bengal (like Darjeeling District) are the primary tea developing areas of the nation. Darjeeling tea can't be developed or fabricated anyplace else on the planet. India is one of the biggest tea expending nations as three-fourth of the nation's aggregate generation is devoured locally.
India has a long history with tea production and was once the largest producer and exporter of tea. The document discusses the origins and major tea growing regions of India, the different varieties of Indian tea, and provides statistics on production and exports. It also analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing the Indian tea industry, noting increasing competition from countries like Kenya, Sri Lanka, and China that have lower production costs. The key challenges for India include high costs, remote plantation locations, and declining market share in major importing countries.
The document provides information on India's tea industry, including its history, major producing regions, exports, and current issues. It notes that tea originated in China but was first cultivated in India in the 18th century. India is currently the world's second largest tea producer and exporter, with the industry employing over 3 million people. However, exports and production have declined in recent decades due to problems including a global surplus and rising costs. The Tea Board of India works to support the industry and promote domestic consumption.
The document discusses tea production and consumption in India. It notes that India is the second largest producer and largest consumer of tea globally. Tea cultivation began in India about 172 years ago, and production is concentrated in the northeastern and southern states. India produces black, green, and orthodox teas, with CTC black tea accounting for 82% of production. While India exports tea, it also imports small quantities solely for re-export. The document concludes that increasing global tea production presents opportunities for India to improve its production systems and ensure small farmers have access to capital and markets.
The document discusses multifactorial influences on Bangladesh's tea industry based on interviews and research. It finds that labor relations are critical as mostly non-local workers from India can make unrealistic demands and be backed by political forces. Additionally, climatic factors have reduced tea quality and financial burdens like taxes and high interest rates squeeze small manufacturers. The imported Indian tea which is of inferior quality also impacts local producers. To enhance the sector, the report recommends controlling imports, lowering loan rates, subsidizing chemicals, and improving labor training.
Tea industry india presentation 17.11.14 final ecojaygadhia0701
This document discusses the tea industry in India. It provides an overview of the history and development of tea production in India over the past 172 years. It also outlines the current market scenario, major brands, industry leaders, economic impact, government policies, barriers to growth, and forecasts continued growth in tea production and consumption in India. The tea industry is an important agricultural and economic sector in India.
This document analyzes the Assam tea industry in India. It aims to study the current scenario of the industry, identify challenges it faces, and suggest policy prescriptions. The methodology involves gathering qualitative data from literature. Assam produces over 50% of India's tea. It faces challenges like decreasing prices and increasing costs. Recommendations include improving quality, diversifying products, focusing on packaged/blended teas, and declaring tea the national drink. The document also provides facts about Assam tea and does a SWOT analysis of the industry.
The Temi Tea Garden in Sikkim, India is the only tea garden in the state. It was established in 1969 and produces high quality tea, some of which is marketed under the name "Temi Tea." The garden uses organic farming methods according to Swiss standards and expects its tea to fetch higher prices once certified organic. It employs 406 workers and produces around 100 tons of tea annually, 75% of which is auctioned in Kolkata. The garden aims to obtain a GI certification for its organic Temi Tea to help market the product internationally.
The document summarizes the orthodox tea production process in Sri Lanka. It begins with acknowledgments and an introduction. It then describes the following key steps in 3 sentences:
1. Withering removes about 45% water from green leaves using hot and cool air in withering troughs over 20-30 minutes.
2. Rolling subjects the withered leaves to rolling and separation into small particles over 4 rounds of rolling for 15-20 minutes each in tea rollers and roll breakers.
3. Fermentation occurs for 2-3 hours on fermentation beds, where important chemical reactions take place through exposure to oxygen, changing the leaves' color to brown.
This document provides information on the history of tea consumption and production. It discusses how tea was originally chewed by monkeys and humans in ancient China for medicinal purposes before being introduced to Japan and other Asian countries. The document also outlines major tea growing regions like India and top producing countries. It provides details on the tea export process, challenges of exporting, and sustainability efforts of large tea companies.
This document outlines a presentation on the tea industry in India. It begins with an introduction to tea and the types of tea. It then discusses the major players in the Indian tea market and provides statistics on India's share of global tea exports. The document describes the research methodology used in analyzing the industry. It performs a PESTLE analysis and uses Porter's Five Forces model and the BCG matrix to evaluate the industry. It identifies key success factors and driving forces. A value chain analysis and opportunities/threats analysis are also included. The conclusion states that India is the largest global producer and consumer of tea, and the industry aims to play a significant role in the Indian economy through production increases, price adjustments, export growth, and
The document provides an overview of the history and marketing of tea. It discusses how tea was first discovered in China by Emperor Shennong in 2737 BCE. It was introduced to India by the British to compete with Chinese monopoly, and the first tea industry was launched in Assam. Today, India is the world's largest consumer and producer of tea. The document also summarizes tea production, exports, popular brands, and the future prospects of the tea industry.
This document provides an overview of the history and production of tea. It begins with the origins of tea in China in the 4th century AD and discusses how it spread to other parts of Asia and Europe. It then focuses on the introduction and cultivation of tea in India in the 18th century. The rest of the document details the major tea growing regions in India, the types of tea produced, factors that affect tea quality, grading standards, marketing and exports of Indian tea. It concludes with information about the Tea Board of India.
Human Resource Management Practices in Tea Gardens of Bangladesh: A Case Stud...Masum Hussain
An attempt has been made in this assignment to understand the human resource management practices of tea gardens in Bangladesh. In fact, human rights of the tea gardeners as a whole are yet to be exposed in our country. This assignment deals with different aspects of human resource management practices of the tea gardeners, focusing on some significant issues of social, economic, political and cultural life of those people. Special attention has been paid on the knowledge of the people regarding gender equity, importance of education, good governance, labor law etc. The assignment also investigates the attitude of mainstream people towards the tea gardeners and the way tea gardeners think of the people of mainstream society. It has been suggested in the assignment that all out efforts must be made to raise awareness among the tea gardeners about human rights and related matters.
Generally, it is assumed that the people working in different tea gardens all over our country have been leading a life of untold misery. But the life of these working people has not yet been investigated much. At present there are lots of population are involved with this industry in Bangladesh. The most of the labors are illiterate. Sometimes they don’t know how to write their name. The company arranges some training for them in very less time. The training and development programs in case of labors are not in satisfactory level. They learn by doing their work. The labors are not conscious about their different facilities also. Sometimes some organizations come to make them inform about different conscious facilities. But most of the times they are not attend in the seminar or program. Labors health conditions are not also in a satisfactory level, because of high drinking of alcohol. But they are getting the free medical facilities from the company. Labors are also getting some other benefits such as Residential facility, Food, Education facility, Job Security and Entertainment facility. On the other hand to be a managerial level employee it is highly education is needed and sometimes it is needed to do some other courses with this high education.
The literature review discusses how the Tea Board of India provides financial and technical support to various tea research institutes and organizations. It outlines the research centers and sub-centers located across major tea growing regions in India. The Tea Board sponsors various research projects and schemes focused on improving tea cultivation, quality standards, and supporting the small tea growers sector.
- Tea contains caffeine and less caffeine than coffee but more than cocoa. It also contains vitamins, minerals and aromatic oils.
- The main types of tea are black, green, and oolong, which are processed differently. Tea originated in ancient China and its production involves various steps.
- India is a major tea producer and consumer. The top tea producing regions are in Northeast India and South India. The leading tea companies in India are Tata Tea, Hindustan Unilever, and Duncans.
Wagh Bakri Tea Lounge is a new tea lounge that has opened in Pitampura, Delhi. It offers a variety of over 30 Indian and international teas, as well as snacks. The lounge aims to bring tea drinking back as a social and leisure activity enjoyed outside of homes. It hopes to succeed given tea's popularity in India despite the rise of coffee. The lounge hopes to introduce patrons to the Wagh Bakri tea brand, which is a major packaged tea company in India.
This document discusses the Indian tea industry and its position as part of the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector in India. It provides an overview of the state of the Indian tea industry, noting that it has lost global market share by focusing on commodity trading rather than value addition. It also discusses the need to restructure the industry and reform roles of agencies like the Tea Board. Additionally, it provides background on the FMCG sector in India, lists major Indian FMCG companies, and discusses characteristics and growth of the FMCG market. Finally, it gives details on the tea industry in India such as its history, major producing states, and top tea brands.
Rights of Dalit Tea Garden Workers in Sylhet, BangladeshMd Masum
This document provides a draft report on the rights of Dalit tea garden workers in Sylhet, Bangladesh. It discusses the conceptualization of tea workers and their Dalit identity. The objectives of the study were to analyze issues related to legal rights protections for tea workers. The research focused on tea gardens in Sylhet and examined national and international laws regarding tea workers' rights. Key issues found included ignoring legal orders in worker appointment systems, wage discrimination, long working hours with short breaks, poor living conditions, restrictive leave policies and limited access to justice on tea gardens. The report identifies gaps between legal rights and practices affecting tea workers and provides recommendations to strengthen advocacy for workers' rights.
this presentation includes some information about tea industry in india and the most popular brands in india and their different marketing strategies they use.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of the global tea industry. It discusses how tea originated in southwest China and was first consumed as a medicinal drink. It then spread to other parts of Asia and was introduced to Europe in the 16th-17th centuries as trade with China increased. The British later established commercial tea production in India in the 19th century to break China's monopoly. The Indian tea industry has since grown to be one of the largest in the world, concentrated mainly in Assam and Darjeeling. The document also provides statistics on the current size and growth of the Indian and global tea markets.
This document is a brand report submitted by a group of MBA students to their instructor, Mr. Saad Zuberi, regarding pre-launch research on the consumer acceptability of a proposed flavored tea café called Café Clari-Tea. The report includes an introduction, literature review on the tea industry, proposed location in Clifton, research objectives and methodology, data analysis of surveys with organizations and students, and conclusions on the feasibility of the concept. Key points analyzed include consumer preferences for flavored tea and conference room facilities. The conclusion is that Clifton is a viable location as customers there will pay premium prices and organizations are supportive of the proposed facilities.
This document provides information about an organization study conducted on Kanan Devan Hills Plantations Company Pvt Ltd (KDHP). It includes details about the company such as its history, formation through an employee buyout from Tata Tea Ltd, tea gardens and factories, mission, vision and values. Non-tea operations of the company like a tea museum and plans to enter aromatic plants cultivation are also mentioned. The document serves to provide an overview of KDHP for the purpose of an organization study.
The document provides information on India's tea industry, including its history, major producing regions, exports, and current issues. It notes that tea originated in China but was first cultivated in India in the 18th century. India is currently the world's second largest tea producer and exporter, with the industry employing over 3 million people. However, exports and production have declined in recent decades due to problems including a global surplus and rising costs. The Tea Board of India works to support the industry and promote domestic consumption.
The document discusses tea production and consumption in India. It notes that India is the second largest producer and largest consumer of tea globally. Tea cultivation began in India about 172 years ago, and production is concentrated in the northeastern and southern states. India produces black, green, and orthodox teas, with CTC black tea accounting for 82% of production. While India exports tea, it also imports small quantities solely for re-export. The document concludes that increasing global tea production presents opportunities for India to improve its production systems and ensure small farmers have access to capital and markets.
The document discusses multifactorial influences on Bangladesh's tea industry based on interviews and research. It finds that labor relations are critical as mostly non-local workers from India can make unrealistic demands and be backed by political forces. Additionally, climatic factors have reduced tea quality and financial burdens like taxes and high interest rates squeeze small manufacturers. The imported Indian tea which is of inferior quality also impacts local producers. To enhance the sector, the report recommends controlling imports, lowering loan rates, subsidizing chemicals, and improving labor training.
Tea industry india presentation 17.11.14 final ecojaygadhia0701
This document discusses the tea industry in India. It provides an overview of the history and development of tea production in India over the past 172 years. It also outlines the current market scenario, major brands, industry leaders, economic impact, government policies, barriers to growth, and forecasts continued growth in tea production and consumption in India. The tea industry is an important agricultural and economic sector in India.
This document analyzes the Assam tea industry in India. It aims to study the current scenario of the industry, identify challenges it faces, and suggest policy prescriptions. The methodology involves gathering qualitative data from literature. Assam produces over 50% of India's tea. It faces challenges like decreasing prices and increasing costs. Recommendations include improving quality, diversifying products, focusing on packaged/blended teas, and declaring tea the national drink. The document also provides facts about Assam tea and does a SWOT analysis of the industry.
The Temi Tea Garden in Sikkim, India is the only tea garden in the state. It was established in 1969 and produces high quality tea, some of which is marketed under the name "Temi Tea." The garden uses organic farming methods according to Swiss standards and expects its tea to fetch higher prices once certified organic. It employs 406 workers and produces around 100 tons of tea annually, 75% of which is auctioned in Kolkata. The garden aims to obtain a GI certification for its organic Temi Tea to help market the product internationally.
The document summarizes the orthodox tea production process in Sri Lanka. It begins with acknowledgments and an introduction. It then describes the following key steps in 3 sentences:
1. Withering removes about 45% water from green leaves using hot and cool air in withering troughs over 20-30 minutes.
2. Rolling subjects the withered leaves to rolling and separation into small particles over 4 rounds of rolling for 15-20 minutes each in tea rollers and roll breakers.
3. Fermentation occurs for 2-3 hours on fermentation beds, where important chemical reactions take place through exposure to oxygen, changing the leaves' color to brown.
This document provides information on the history of tea consumption and production. It discusses how tea was originally chewed by monkeys and humans in ancient China for medicinal purposes before being introduced to Japan and other Asian countries. The document also outlines major tea growing regions like India and top producing countries. It provides details on the tea export process, challenges of exporting, and sustainability efforts of large tea companies.
This document outlines a presentation on the tea industry in India. It begins with an introduction to tea and the types of tea. It then discusses the major players in the Indian tea market and provides statistics on India's share of global tea exports. The document describes the research methodology used in analyzing the industry. It performs a PESTLE analysis and uses Porter's Five Forces model and the BCG matrix to evaluate the industry. It identifies key success factors and driving forces. A value chain analysis and opportunities/threats analysis are also included. The conclusion states that India is the largest global producer and consumer of tea, and the industry aims to play a significant role in the Indian economy through production increases, price adjustments, export growth, and
The document provides an overview of the history and marketing of tea. It discusses how tea was first discovered in China by Emperor Shennong in 2737 BCE. It was introduced to India by the British to compete with Chinese monopoly, and the first tea industry was launched in Assam. Today, India is the world's largest consumer and producer of tea. The document also summarizes tea production, exports, popular brands, and the future prospects of the tea industry.
This document provides an overview of the history and production of tea. It begins with the origins of tea in China in the 4th century AD and discusses how it spread to other parts of Asia and Europe. It then focuses on the introduction and cultivation of tea in India in the 18th century. The rest of the document details the major tea growing regions in India, the types of tea produced, factors that affect tea quality, grading standards, marketing and exports of Indian tea. It concludes with information about the Tea Board of India.
Human Resource Management Practices in Tea Gardens of Bangladesh: A Case Stud...Masum Hussain
An attempt has been made in this assignment to understand the human resource management practices of tea gardens in Bangladesh. In fact, human rights of the tea gardeners as a whole are yet to be exposed in our country. This assignment deals with different aspects of human resource management practices of the tea gardeners, focusing on some significant issues of social, economic, political and cultural life of those people. Special attention has been paid on the knowledge of the people regarding gender equity, importance of education, good governance, labor law etc. The assignment also investigates the attitude of mainstream people towards the tea gardeners and the way tea gardeners think of the people of mainstream society. It has been suggested in the assignment that all out efforts must be made to raise awareness among the tea gardeners about human rights and related matters.
Generally, it is assumed that the people working in different tea gardens all over our country have been leading a life of untold misery. But the life of these working people has not yet been investigated much. At present there are lots of population are involved with this industry in Bangladesh. The most of the labors are illiterate. Sometimes they don’t know how to write their name. The company arranges some training for them in very less time. The training and development programs in case of labors are not in satisfactory level. They learn by doing their work. The labors are not conscious about their different facilities also. Sometimes some organizations come to make them inform about different conscious facilities. But most of the times they are not attend in the seminar or program. Labors health conditions are not also in a satisfactory level, because of high drinking of alcohol. But they are getting the free medical facilities from the company. Labors are also getting some other benefits such as Residential facility, Food, Education facility, Job Security and Entertainment facility. On the other hand to be a managerial level employee it is highly education is needed and sometimes it is needed to do some other courses with this high education.
The literature review discusses how the Tea Board of India provides financial and technical support to various tea research institutes and organizations. It outlines the research centers and sub-centers located across major tea growing regions in India. The Tea Board sponsors various research projects and schemes focused on improving tea cultivation, quality standards, and supporting the small tea growers sector.
- Tea contains caffeine and less caffeine than coffee but more than cocoa. It also contains vitamins, minerals and aromatic oils.
- The main types of tea are black, green, and oolong, which are processed differently. Tea originated in ancient China and its production involves various steps.
- India is a major tea producer and consumer. The top tea producing regions are in Northeast India and South India. The leading tea companies in India are Tata Tea, Hindustan Unilever, and Duncans.
Wagh Bakri Tea Lounge is a new tea lounge that has opened in Pitampura, Delhi. It offers a variety of over 30 Indian and international teas, as well as snacks. The lounge aims to bring tea drinking back as a social and leisure activity enjoyed outside of homes. It hopes to succeed given tea's popularity in India despite the rise of coffee. The lounge hopes to introduce patrons to the Wagh Bakri tea brand, which is a major packaged tea company in India.
This document discusses the Indian tea industry and its position as part of the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector in India. It provides an overview of the state of the Indian tea industry, noting that it has lost global market share by focusing on commodity trading rather than value addition. It also discusses the need to restructure the industry and reform roles of agencies like the Tea Board. Additionally, it provides background on the FMCG sector in India, lists major Indian FMCG companies, and discusses characteristics and growth of the FMCG market. Finally, it gives details on the tea industry in India such as its history, major producing states, and top tea brands.
Rights of Dalit Tea Garden Workers in Sylhet, BangladeshMd Masum
This document provides a draft report on the rights of Dalit tea garden workers in Sylhet, Bangladesh. It discusses the conceptualization of tea workers and their Dalit identity. The objectives of the study were to analyze issues related to legal rights protections for tea workers. The research focused on tea gardens in Sylhet and examined national and international laws regarding tea workers' rights. Key issues found included ignoring legal orders in worker appointment systems, wage discrimination, long working hours with short breaks, poor living conditions, restrictive leave policies and limited access to justice on tea gardens. The report identifies gaps between legal rights and practices affecting tea workers and provides recommendations to strengthen advocacy for workers' rights.
this presentation includes some information about tea industry in india and the most popular brands in india and their different marketing strategies they use.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of the global tea industry. It discusses how tea originated in southwest China and was first consumed as a medicinal drink. It then spread to other parts of Asia and was introduced to Europe in the 16th-17th centuries as trade with China increased. The British later established commercial tea production in India in the 19th century to break China's monopoly. The Indian tea industry has since grown to be one of the largest in the world, concentrated mainly in Assam and Darjeeling. The document also provides statistics on the current size and growth of the Indian and global tea markets.
This document is a brand report submitted by a group of MBA students to their instructor, Mr. Saad Zuberi, regarding pre-launch research on the consumer acceptability of a proposed flavored tea café called Café Clari-Tea. The report includes an introduction, literature review on the tea industry, proposed location in Clifton, research objectives and methodology, data analysis of surveys with organizations and students, and conclusions on the feasibility of the concept. Key points analyzed include consumer preferences for flavored tea and conference room facilities. The conclusion is that Clifton is a viable location as customers there will pay premium prices and organizations are supportive of the proposed facilities.
This document provides information about an organization study conducted on Kanan Devan Hills Plantations Company Pvt Ltd (KDHP). It includes details about the company such as its history, formation through an employee buyout from Tata Tea Ltd, tea gardens and factories, mission, vision and values. Non-tea operations of the company like a tea museum and plans to enter aromatic plants cultivation are also mentioned. The document serves to provide an overview of KDHP for the purpose of an organization study.
A project on Grievance Management SystemProjects Kart
A project on Grievance Management System in Coffee Day to know on how to manage employee issues. Coffee is one of the healthy drinks among all the beverages. If we think about refreshment, coffee is the first thing comes to our mind. In rainy and winter seasons the usage of coffee is more and it has become a part of human beings life. Caffeine is a substance found in coffee plants, which stimulates the central nervous system.
Tea Blending and Packaging Industry. Blending and Packaging of Tea
Tea is an important beverage in India. Simply, tea as a refreshing energy booster. Additionally, the tea comes with several health benefits too. Basically, the antioxidants help to eliminate toxins and free radicals from the blood.
Indian tea is among the finest in the world owing to strong geographical indications, heavy investments in tea processing units, continuous innovation, augmented product mix and strategic market expansion. The main tea-growing regions are in Northeast India (including Assam) and in north Bengal (Darjeeling district and the Dooars region). Tea is also grown on a large scale in the Nilgiris in south India. India is one of the world’s largest consumers of tea, with about three-fourths of the country’s total produce consumed locally.
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Countermeasures Research on Utilizing Internet Technology to Promote Enshi Yuluijtsrd
Enshi Yulu tea is not only a traditional Chinese famous tea, but also the only existing steamed green needle shaped green tea in China. The production technique has even been listed as a national intangible cultural heritage. In this paper, in full response to the 19th Party Congress, which put forward the countryside. Village revitalization strategy and based on the three rural issues in the context of practical work, is committed to the use of e commerce new media, e commerce operation platform, digital empowerment and other means to the development of the current situation of Enshi Yulu Tea to put forward innovative and improve the method, and at the same time how to sustainable development and promotion of Enshi Yulu Tea countermeasures and recommendations, with a view to promoting the rural revitalization of Enshi Prefecture area, so that traditional Enshi Yulu renewed new vitality. Yi Xu | Zhiqing Wang "Countermeasures Research on Utilizing Internet + Technology to Promote Enshi Yulu" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59935.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/59935/countermeasures-research-on-utilizing-internet--technology-to-promote-enshi-yulu/yi-xu
Tea Industry has seen a lot of changes in the past few years.
India, lost its first position as tea producer to China for the first time, in the last 110 years. www.unitedworld.edu.in
This document proposes a concept for studying Nepal's tea industry with a vision toward 2020. It outlines Nepal's suitable climate and geography for tea cultivation. The prospects for Nepal's tea industry are positive due to private sector growth, high returns, employment opportunities, and demand for organic tea. The document sets targets for 2020, including cultivating tea in 23 districts, reaching 54.7 million kg of total production, and 62,800 hectares of cultivated area. Strategies to meet these targets include effective implementation of tea policies, private sector involvement, improving yields, expanding processing capacity, and brand promotion in international markets to position Nepal as an organic tea producer.
This document discusses the tea market in India. It provides background on tea production and consumption in India. India is the world's largest producer and consumer of tea. The document then describes the different types of tea, specifically green tea and black tea. It discusses how black tea dominates the global tea market. The rest of the document focuses on the packaged tea market in India, prominent tea companies in India, and insights from market research on tea consumption preferences across social classes in India.
Institutional training report at kajah tea pvt ltdGodwin K Jacob
I have undertaken the internship study at the KAJAH TEA COMPANY PVT LTD. for the project I was engaged as an executive trainee under the finance department and had the access to meet the employees of various departments for the considerable time duration which helped me to gain a deep insight about the type of work they do and study the function each department in the organisation.
This report is an endeavor to cover the overall organisation structure, departments, procedures and functions of the organisation and also covers industrial profile and company profile with their objective that the company has the report gives an inside view about managerial functions, operative functions towards the product and employee of the organisation
The tea market in India is growing rapidly and shifting towards branded products. It is forecast to grow from $3.7 billion currently to $6.3 billion by 2015, driven by health trends. The city of Anand has a total tea market of 500,000-600,000 kg annually, which is dominated by the local brand Wagh-Bakri with 50% market share. Teabags and instant tea products are growing segments but still make up a small part of the local Anand market. The new Insta-Tea product aims to make tea conveniently without the hassle of preparation.
A PROJECT REPORT On Product: Tetley tea by TataABHILASH DUTTA
Project about Tetley tea by Tata Consumer Products Ltd. and its Manufacturer (with Statistics)
2. Brief about the Variants and SKUs available
3. Identify the Values offered by the Tetley tea by Tata Consumer Products Ltd.
4. SWOT Analysis Tetley tea by Tata Consumer Products Ltd.
5. Identify 2 major Competitors and Brief about them
6. How Tetley tea by Tata Consumer Products Ltd. differentiates from its Competitors in terms of: Value, Feature, Price,
Promotion
7. Brief about the Buying Process of Tetley tea by Tata Consumer Products Ltd.
8. Brief about the Selling Process of Tetley tea by Tata Consumer Products Ltd.
9. Identify the Factors that influences the Buying Behavior for the Tetley tea by Tata Consumer Products Ltd.
10. Analyze the Marketing Mix (4 Ps) of the Tetley tea by Tata Consumer Products Ltd.
Area,Production and Productivity of Tea.pptxGoslide2
India is the second largest producer and consumer of tea globally. The document analyzes tea production statistics in India, including key facts:
- India's tea production reached 1,325 million kg in 2017-18, cultivated on 566.55 thousand hectares nationally
- Assam and West Bengal are the top tea producing states, accounting for 75% of India's production
- India's tea productivity has increased significantly since independence, from 636 kg/hectare to over 2,000 kg/hectare currently
Presentation given by Mohsin H. Alqamari, Farzan Hasan Nazeer, Muneeb Iqbal, Syed Ahmed Owais, Aamir Thobhani, Adnan Hasni on Launching Nestle Nescafe Tea to Sir Iftiqar Munir in the course of "Marketing Management" at Hamdard University City Campus (HIMS).
Reference:
Marketing Management, 11 th edition, Phillip Kotler.
Nestle website.
The document analyzes and compares two tea businesses in Malaysia - Swee Tin Tea Merchant located in Ipoh, and Chwan Deng Tea Art located in Klang Valley. It provides background information on each business such as founding year, founders, products, customers, and size. It also discusses the history of the tea trade in China and Malaysia. A comparative analysis is presented on the competitive landscape and strategies of each business. Research methodology included interviews with each business and secondary research.
The document analyzes and compares two tea businesses in Malaysia - Swee Tin Tea Merchant located in Ipoh, and Chwan Deng Tea Art located in Klang Valley. It provides background information on each business such as founding year, founders, products, customers, and size. It also discusses the history of the tea trade in China and Malaysia. A comparative analysis is presented on the competitive landscape and strategies of each business. Research methodology included interviews with each business and secondary research.
Plantation Crop Tea a topic of Geography 2nd year syllabus. A very precise and detailed presentation may help the learners. In this, it talks about the History, Plantation condition, distribution, varieties of Tea in the world.
This document provides an overview of the Indian coffee market including its history, production regions, consumption trends, major players, and challenges. Some key points include:
- India is the 6th largest global producer of coffee with the states of Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu accounting for over 90% of production.
- Domestic consumption has risen to 1.9 million bags in 2013 with urban areas and southern states dominating consumption.
- Major retail chains include Café Coffee Day with over 1500 outlets, Barista Lavazza with 160 outlets, and Costa Coffee with 100 Indian locations.
- Challenges to growth include coffee's bitter taste, high price compared to tea, and low awareness in some regions
The Effect of the Applying Modern and standard technology and Industryon the ...iosrjce
Nowadays, tea is considered as the healthiest and the most popular drink in the world. Because of
lack of using pesticides in production of green leaf, Iran’s produced tea is considered as of the purest and
healthiest teas in the world [1].After passing about 110 years from starting tea cultivation in Iran and although
cultivation surface of tea farms has developed in this period and the number of tea making factories and the rate
of produced tea have increased, but unfortunately, In spite of the fact, that tea has a long history in Iran, the
knowledge of tea farmers in using the modern methods of cultivation; nursing and harvesting tea is low and
requires continuous scientific and quantitative training. About 70% of tea making factories are over 45 years
old and are wear out and lacks modern equipment. Old machinery and lack of production capacity of factories
lead to absence of proportion of capacity of machinery with the amount of delivery green leaf at the peak of
production of tea green leaf in April, May &June [2]. Special place of tea in Iranian consumers ‘basket and
direct occupation of more than 70,000 households in tea cultivation and production and its role and place in
economy of Guilan&MazandaranProvince have doubled the necessity of performing researches to find solutions
of tea problems and its qualitative and quantitative improvement. In this article, the Effect of the Applying
Modern and standard technology and industry on quality of produced tea is studied. The method of this
research is field study and survey has been applied for collection of information to respond to the research
questions. After analyzing obtained data from questionnaire, research hypothesis was confirmed in confidence
level of 95%. Therefore, it can be stated that in confidence level of 95%, Applying Modern and standard
technology and industry effects on the Quality of Iranian Produced dried tea.
Similar to Production potential of indian tea industry (20)
NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...BBPMedia1
Nathalie zal delen hoe DEI en ESG een fundamentele rol kunnen spelen in je merkstrategie en je de juiste aansluiting kan creëren met je doelgroep. Door middel van voorbeelden en simpele handvatten toont ze hoe dit in jouw organisatie toegepast kan worden.
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L'indice de performance des ports à conteneurs de l'année 2023SPATPortToamasina
Une évaluation comparable de la performance basée sur le temps d'escale des navires
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Comme dans les éditions précédentes de l'ICPP, la production du classement fait appel à deux approches méthodologiques différentes : une approche administrative, ou technique, une méthodologie pragmatique reflétant les connaissances et le jugement des experts ; et une approche statistique, utilisant l'analyse factorielle (AF), ou plus précisément la factorisation matricielle. L'utilisation de ces deux approches vise à garantir que le classement des performances des ports à conteneurs reflète le plus fidèlement possible les performances réelles des ports, tout en étant statistiquement robuste.
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The report *State of D2C in India: A Logistics Update* talks about the evolving dynamics of the d2C landscape with a particular focus on how brands navigate the complexities of logistics. Third Party Logistics enablers emerge indispensable partners in facilitating the growth journey of D2C brands, offering cost-effective solutions tailored to their specific needs. As D2C brands continue to expand, they encounter heightened operational complexities with logistics standing out as a significant challenge. Logistics not only represents a substantial cost component for the brands but also directly influences the customer experience. Establishing efficient logistics operations while keeping costs low is therefore a crucial objective for brands. The report highlights how 3PLs are meeting the rising demands of D2C brands, supporting their expansion both online and offline, and paving the way for sustainable, scalable growth in this fast-paced market.
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We take a look at everything that you need to know in order to deploy effective WhatsApp marketing strategies, and integrate it with your buyer journey in HubSpot. From technical requirements to innovative campaign strategies, to advanced campaign reporting - we discuss all that and more, to leverage WhatsApp for maximum impact. Check out more details about the event here https://events.hubspot.com/events/details/hubspot-new-delhi-presents-unlocking-whatsapp-marketing-with-hubspot-integrating-messaging-into-your-marketing-strategy/
1. J. D. Birla Institute Department of Management
Name : PRASHANT MADHOGARIA
Year : 3 rd Year 6 th Semester
Roll No. : 87
Mentor : MS. S. LAKSHMY
Topic : PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF THE
INDIAN TEA INDUSTRY
.
2. DECLARATION
Declaration
To include plagiarism and ethical statements and word count is a
formal requirement.
Declaration:
I declare the following:
1. That the material contained in this dissertation is the end
result of my own work and that due acknowledgement has been
given in the bibliography and all references to ALL sources be
they printed electronic or personal.
2. The word count of this project is around 17548 words.
3. That unless this Project has been confirmed as confidential, I
agree to an electronic copy or sections unless of the dissertation
to be placed on the e-learning portal, if deemed appropriate, to
allow future students the opportunity to see examples of past
dissertations. I understand that if displayed on the e-learning
portal it would be able to print off copies or download. The
authorship would remain anonymous.
4. I agree to my project being submitted to a plagiarism
detection service, where it will be stored in a database and
compared against work submitted from this or any other school or
from other institutions using this service.
In the event to my service detecting a high degree of similarity
between content within the service this will be reported back to
my supervisor and second marker, who may decide to undertake
further investigation that may ultimately lead to discipline
actions, should instances of plagiarism be detected.
I declare that ethical issues have been considered, evaluated and
appropriately addressed in this research
Signed:
2
3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank my mentor, Ms. S. Lakshmy, with heartiest
respect and gratitude, for guiding me through my term paper.
I express my thanks to the Director of J.D. Birla institute, Dr.
Asit Dutta, for giving me the opportunity to gather such
wonderful learning experience.
I am also obliged to my college librarians Mr. Santanu Mondal,
Mr. Masiur Rehman and Mr. Swapan Kr. Ber who have assisted me
in finding various references for data collection.
I also thank my friends at college for their assistance, on and
off campus .
3
4. INDEX
TABLE OF CONTENTS PG NO.
1. INTRODUCTION 01-04
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 05-24
3. HYPOTHESIS 25
4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 26-27
5. DATA ANALYSIS 28-34
6. RESULT
a. Findings 35
b. Recommendation 36
7. CONCLUSION & LIMITATIONS 37
8. ANNEXURE 38-54
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY 55
4
5. ABSTRACT
This project aims to shed light on the production potential of Indian Tea and whether
there exists a scope for further increase in the production of Indian Tea. From the various
sources we may see how much Indian production of Tea contributes to the global demand
of the same, also to find a relation between the production of tea in India and its exports,
import, domestic consumption. We may also find a relation between the total tea
production and its consumption to decipher how much tea is exported and how much
consumed domestically. Hence by the difference of the production and the consumption
and with an understanding of international demand we may find out the production
potential of Indian Tea.
5
6. 1.INTRODUCTION
Looking back at the History of tea, it is said that tea was discovered
accidentally by Emperor Shen Nung back in 2700BC. After a lot of trial
and error the Chinese were able to find out the required technique to
grow tea. But being a closed colony they did not share their secrets of
cultivating tea. Hence it was long before other countries were exposed to
tea.
The first tea used in England and China , and it wasn’t until the 19 t h
century that tea growing spread to other countries and indigenous tea was
discovered in Assam. The UK is the largest importer of tea.By the early
1900’s tea was being cultivated in India, Indonesia, Kenya and other parts
of Africa. Presently the United States has been added to the list of tea. 1
Tea is one of the most important agricultural as well as manufacturing
products, like other products it also needs a proper marketing channel for
disposal. The three main modes referred for the disposal of tea are: (a)
through auction (b) ex-factory or ex-garden sale and (c) forward contract.
In India marketing process of tea can be divided into two parts, i.e.,
primary and secondary markets. Primary marketing channels help in
moving made-tea from the grower to the bulk tea buyers. It also explains
the movement of tea directly from producers to national or international
buyers. This channel is used to carry tea from producer to auction centers’
where it changes hands from the producers to the large buyers through
brokers. Secondary marketing channel includes the movement of bulk tea
through auction trading to ultimate consumers. In this chain tea passes
through wholesalers, commission agents, blenders, packers and retailers. 2
Tea is one of the most refreshing and popular beverages of the world.
India is one of the largest Tea producers in the world mainly because it
accounts for 31% of global production. It is perhaps the only industry
where India has retained its leadership over the last 150 years. Indian tea
is the finest quality in the world 3 . Tea is being cultivated in the high
ranges of northern and southern India. The best quality tea is CTC and
orthodox Assam Tea respectively. Tea consumption is approximately
above 600 million kgs annually. The market consists of both leaf and dust
teas in both the CTC and orthodox grades. 4
India is the Second largest producer of tea, the largest consumer and the
fourth largest exporter (after Sri Lanka, china and Kenya) in the world.
Four-fifths of the Tea produced in India is consumed domestically. The
major tea growing areas of India are: North Bengal, Assam, Tamil Nadu
and Kerala. Tea is grown by 130,000 small and large Tea growers under a
6
7. gross area of over half a million hectares. Tea gardens employed
approximately 1.3 million laborers in 2007.
Tea is an essential item of domestic consumption and is the major
beverage in India. Tea is also considered as the cheapest beverage
amongst the beverages available in India. Tea industry provides gainful
direct employment to more than a million workers mainly drawn from the
backward and socially weaker sections of the society. It is also a
substantial foreign exchange earner and provides sizeable amount of
revenue to the state and Central Exchequer. The total turnover of the
Indian Tea industry is in the vicinity of 9000 crores. 5
On the production front India has been the major producer of the Tea in
the world. Other major producing countries include china, Srilanka ,
Kenya and Indonesia. During 1951-1960, India was producing around 40
percent of world production. , declined to 26 percent during 2004. China
and Kenya are able to increase their share in world production
considerably. The share of china and Kenya during 1951-1960 was 13.59
percent and 2.67 percent respectively, increased to 24.90 percent and
10.30 per cent in 2004. In recent years china emerged as major tea
producer in the world. 6
The export markets for Indian Teas are mainly Russia and the CIs
countries with almost 90 million kgs of export. This is equivalent to 43%
of India’s Tea exports. India exports Tea to most of the European
countries, the USA, Japan, west Asia and the Asia Pacific Region. In fact,
there is hardly any country where Indian Tea is not found. Exporting Tea
has been very profitable for India since the exporting prices are much
higher when compared to the Domestic Indian Tea prices. It is also very
helpful in selling of the surplus production that has not been consumed
domestically. 7
Indian tea industry as it is on a comeback stage with an increase in its
production and export during the first 8 months of 2008. Moreover output
between January-august, 2008 have shot up to 599.73 million kg in
comparative of 576.07 million kg , of what it was in the previous year.
Tea export of India has triggered by 4 per cent in volume of august, 2008
due to the diminishing of output in Kenya. Similarly shipments during the
first eight months have also risen up by nearly 20 percent.
OVERVIEW OF THE INDIAN TEA INDUSTRY
Tea is one of the most refreshing and popular beverages of the world.
India is one of the largest tea producers in the world mainly because it
accounts for 31% of global production. It is perhaps the only industry
where India has retained its leadership over the last 150 years. Indian tea
is the finest quality in the world. Tea is being cultivated in the high
7
8. ranges of northern and southern India. The best quality tea is CTC and
Orthodox Assam Tea respectively.
Tea consumption is approximately above 600 million kgs annually. The
market consists of both leaf and dust teas in both the CTC and Orthodox
grades. 8
Tea manufacture is the process of converting and treating the tea. Tea,
which is to be used as loose leaf, will normally be rolled gently to create a
twisted appearance. In contrast, tea, which is to be used for tea bags, is
shredded and crushed to produce a small granular product. That is why
loose tea usually has a better flavour than the tea in a tea bag. For
preparing different types of teas, different methods of preparation are
used. But the most commonly used method is to make it in a pot. The
brewing temperature for green tea differs from other teas. A temperature
of 165-185 degrees is ideal for steeping green tea. 9 The different types of
tea are white tea, green tea, oolong tea, black tea.
At the time there had been claims that tea was growing wildly both in the
Manipur district and in Nepal. This news and the need for a reliable
source of tea resulted in the formation of a ‘committee of tea culture’.
This was formed in Kolkata and consisted of people who were thought to
be of great intelligence and even greater class.
Tea is also considered as the cheapest beverage amongst the beverages
Available in India. Tea Industry provides gainful direct employment to
more than a million workers mainly drawn from the backward and socially
weaker section of the society. It is also a substantial foreign exchange
earner and provides sizeable amount of revenue to the State and Central
Exchequer. The total turnover of the Indian tea industry is in the vicinity
of Rs.9000 Crores. Presently, Indian tea industry is having (as on
18.12.2009).
1692 registered Tea manufacturers
2200 registered Tea Exporters
5848 number of registered tea buyers,
Nine tea Auction centres.
The Tea industry is an agro based labour intensive industry. It provides
direct employment to over 1 million persons. Through its forward and
backward linkages another 10 million persons derive their livelihood from
tea. In northeast India alone, the tea industry employs around 9,00,000
persons on permanent basis. The tea industry is one of the largest
employers of women amongst organized industries in india. Women
constitute nearly 51% of the total workforce. There is no longer gender
bias with respect to employment benefits.
8
9. The apex body of the tea growers in India is the Tea Board Of India. The
Tea Board of India performs many financial and marketing functions for
the Indian Brand tea as a whole. They even account for the collection of
statistics pertaining to this industry. The Tea Board has wide functions
and responsibilities under the direction of the central government.
The primary functions of the Tea board are as under:
• Rendering financial and technical assistance for cultivation,
manufacture and marketing of tea
• Export promotion
• Aiding research and development activities for augmentation of tea
production and improvement of tea quality.
• Extend financial assistance in a limited way to the plantation
workers and their wards through labour welfare schemes.
• To encourage and assist both financially and technically the
unorganized small growers sector.
• Such other activities as are assigned from time to time by the
central government.
The project has been chronologically been described in the following order:
Section 1 describes the Introduction.
Section 2 describes the Literature Revi
Section 3 describes the Hypothesis
Section 4 describes the Research Methodology
Section 5 describes the Data Analysis
Section 6 describes the Results
Section 7 describes the Conclusion
Section 8 describes the Annexure
Section 9 describes the Bibliography
9
10. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
According to the provisions in the Tea Act 1953, Tea Board is conducting and
Supporting tea research. The Board is granting financial support (grant-in-aid) to the
Tea research institutes managed by the private sector, namely - Tea Research Association
(TRA) and United Planters’ Association of Southern India – Tea Research
Foundation (UPASI –TRF). Tea Board is also having its own Darjeeling Tea Research
And Development Centre at Kurseong for which full financial support is provided from
The budget of the Board.
Tea Research Association (TRA) and United Planters’ Association of Southern India
– Tea Research Foundation (UPASI – TRF) are historically managed by the private
Sector. Both the institutes have their own Council of Management and Trustee Board
respectively to manage the affairs of the organization. The Board is granting
Financial support to the expenditure on the identified items of research which are mainly
Concerned to field and laboratory research activities and transfer of technology. In the 23
Member Council of Management of TRA, where members are mainly drawn from the tea
Industry, four nominees of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry and two nominees
from the Tea Board are participating. The tea industry in the North-East is getting
Technical support from TRA and its seven sub centers spread over in the entire North
East India. Similarly, tea industry of South India is getting technical support from the
UPASITRF, Valparai, Tamil Nadu and its six sub-centers located in different tea growing
regions in South India.
TRA have its sub centers and field laboratories in the North East India located at
Nagrakata, Darjeeling, Siliguri in West Bengal, Silchar, Tezpur, Dikom in Assam and
Agartala in Tripura. The sub centers of UPASI-TRF are located at different tea growing
areas like; Coonoor, Gudalur in Tamil Nadu, Meppadi, Munnar, Vandiperiyar
in Kerala and Koppa, in Karnataka. The sub centers are manned by senior Advisory
Officers who are providing service to the tea gardens in tea cultivation along with
Laboratory support like soil analysis, plant protection information and new technology.
The Board’s Darjeeling Tea Research and Development Centre (DTR&DC) at Kurseong
is conducting research which gives support to the Darjeeling tea industry in the field of
soil, agronomy, biochemistry and plant protection. In addition to grant-in-aid, the Board
also has its own sponsored research schemes hosted at different institutes under the 10th
Plan. Need based specific schemes are also sponsored for carrying out research at
different institutes and universities, especially when the major tea research institutes do
not cover such areas.
Tea Board is giving financial support for generation of R&D information for the
Small growers of Himachal Pradesh, sponsoring a research scheme at the Himachal
Pradesh Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya, Palampur. Similarly a research scheme is in operation
at Uttaranchal for the development of the tea industry in the state. G.B. Pant University of
10
11. Agriculture, Pantnagar, is providing technical support for operationalizing the scheme
and Tea Board is giving 50% financial support to it.
Tea Board is giving financial support to the centrally sponsored research schemes like
application of biotechnology in tea by the Dept. of Biotechnology, Govt. of India.
Similarly, Ministry of Information and Technology has also supported a scheme hosted
by TRA for automation in tea manufacturing using electronic sensors and the scheme has
been completed.
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat hosted a scheme supported by the Board, for
Technical manpower generation at graduate level. The technical manpower so far
generated helped in capacity building for the tea industry in general. Small project on
chemical evaluation of teas was organized by the Board under inter laboratory ring test
programme.
The technical support from the Board is always given to the tea industry by way of
feedback on standards/regulations.
Quality requirements of tea particularly in export front, are changing often with the
adoption of new sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures like in the EU, US, Japan and
other countries. Such information is scrutinized for scientific validation through the
research institutes and standards were circulated to the trade. Simultaneously, feedback
information were also provided to various regulatory authorities about the Indian
standards and efforts were made to harmonize such information to overcome the
technical barriers in tea trade.
According to the Tea Board of India, Net work programme on automation and
integration in manufacture of tea.
Plan Schemes (10th Plan)
During 10th Plan, eleven research schemes as approved and sanctioned by the Govt. were
launched at TRA and UPASI-TRF. These research schemes are designed to give special
support in booting tea research activities in the North East and South India.
Achievements under each of the plan scheme are given as under.
Networking of Regional Centers of UPASI TRF and tea gardens for better
communication.
As per objectives of the scheme, networking programme of all the TRF centers in South
India has been completed installing V-SATS. Data generation on the field aspects of tea
cultivation from the garden has been undertaken and setting up of the data bank at each of
the advisory centers is under progress. Such data bank will be utilized for developing
future schemes at micro level on need based for the benefit of the tea industry in South
India. The outlay of the scheme is Rs.113.81 lakhs.
Studies on different irrigation systems and critical evaluation of secondary and
micronutrient status in tea soils of south India.
11
12. The influence of different irrigation systems on hydrology are being studied at four
different regions in South India like central Travancore, Karnataka, Nilgiris and Wynaad
regions. Similarly, studies on the effects of fertigation with respect to different sources of
NPK fertilizers have also been continued. Metallic contamination in tea and status of
secondary micronutrients in soil and made tea are being looked into. The equipments
have been purchased and installed. The samples of soil and made tea are collected from
different experiments and these are being analyzed in the laboratory. The pattern of
treatment influence on the variable agro conditions could not be estimated as yet. The
scheme will be completed by the end of the 10th Plan.
Studies on the residues of insecticides, fungicides, weedicides and heavy metals
in South Indian tea.
The tea samples were drawn for estimation of presence of iron particles and other
metallic contents, estimation of residue in the tea liquor. The methodologies have been
established and the training of the scientific staffs was completed. Elaborate survey work
for heavy metals and pesticide residue in South India tea has been undertaken for the
commercially used pesticides like ethion, dicofol, endosulfan, quinalphos, fenpropathrin
and lambda cyhalothrin. Simultaneously, field experiments also helped to estimate the
residue content of pesticides in tea at different harvest intervals. It has been found that
pesticide residues in made tea is highly influenced by the harvest intervals and the dose
of the chemicals. For the calculation of MRL under Good Agricultural Practice, 7-day
harvest interval was considered and samples were analyzed. Data bank generated so far
under this scheme would help in future support for harmonization of MRLs.
Biotechnological and Bio-control studies on tea blister blight pathogen
Biotechnology laboratory has been established with modern scientific equipments for
undertaking different biotechnological studies of tea clones. The equipments have been
imported and installed. Methods of DNA extraction and marker identification have been
considered. Protocol for isolation of genomic DNA from fungus spores has been
Standardized. Genetic transformation studies are also being initiated and once the method
is standardized, it will help in the transfer of beneficial marker gene in future breeding
works. Related studies in the characterization of tea clones are in progress. It is expected
that the protocol development will be completed by the end of the plan period when the
markers can be successfully identified and ready for transfer in future breeding works.
The micro flora present on tea leaves has been studied and several antagonists of the
blister blight pathogen are identified. They are being evaluated in the laboratary and field.
Optimisation of processing parameters to maximize the quality of South
Indian black teas.
Quality of tea is a variable parameter influenced by numerous factors like environment,
factory condition, tea clones, soil, and climate and so on. To visualize the quality
situation of tea as prevailing in the South India tea factory, a detailed survey was
undertaken by UPASI-TRF under the 10th Plan. So far about 50 tea factories have been
surveyed in different areas to draw the samples and to see the manufacturing conditions.
It was observed that manufacturing of tea is done under a wide range of factory
conditions right from the standard of plucking, withering, rolling and fermentation
process in respect of time and machineries. Fermentation and drying conditions were
12
13. highly variable. The CTC and orthodox tea manufacturing steps were different; also
precisions were important at every step. It was reported that highly variable and
uncontrolled manufacturing steps have resulted to poor quality of tea in many of the
factories. Variations were also reported in withering temp., CTC rpm, rolling of tea,
and in drying temperature which ranged from 120 - 160° C. A cooling system for the
an orthodox roller has been developed by UPASI-TRF. Compilation on the survey work
would reveal the key factors in manufacturing of South Indian tea for suggesting
updating of manufacturing technology in future.
Establishment of Chain of Quality testing laboratories and strengthening of
existing analytical facilities at Regional Centre.
According to target, TRA has established three quality testing laboratories, one each at
Jorhat, Nagrakata and Cachar. All the centers have started functioning after procuring
scientific equipments and imparting training to the scientific assistants involved in the
work. The total out lay of the project is Rs.96.00 lakhs including recurring expenditure
for 5 years for conducting quality testing of teas. All the laboratories are preparing a
database on quality parameters for the respective region. The field laboratories will
analyze the garden tea samples and advise them on the quality of tea. These centers will
also help in routine testing of teas being exported.
Development of catchments-wise integrated drainage system through remote
sensing towards solving water logging problem at macro level pilot area.
The outlay of the scheme is Rs.70 lakhs for 5 years for undertaking studies in pilot areas
in Assam and North Bengal using satellite pictures for hydrology mapping. Drainage
relief map for different catchments in the tea gardens was the ultimate objective of this
project for giving ready information to the garden management so that drainage action
plans can be taken up by them. Implementation of the scheme is being done in a phase
manner after procuring topo sheets from the survey of India office for a number of digital
terrains in Assam. Works are progressing.
Development of technology for product diversification and value added items
in tea.
This envisaged project is having an outlay of Rs.125 lakhs for 5 years. The targets were
to standardize and develop methodologies for the production of value added products and
by-products of tea. A number of value added products like tea tablets, flavoured tea,
canned tea (RTD) have been standardized which are awaiting commercial exploration
after patenting. Tea aroma has also been successfully extracted from tea and this product
will be tested for adding of such flavour in different food items like sweets. The
remaining items of works will be completed within the tenure of the project. These
developments will help in product diversification in tea to a great extent.
Influence of soil organic mater on productivity of tea under North Bengal
condition.
This scheme was launched to study the soil fertility conditions in North Bengal area.
Important soil parameters contributing to soil fertility were identified and studied to
change the concept of fertilization. Organic matter is one such important parameter which
helped in assimilation of all inorganic fertilizers into the tea plant. Studies were continued
13
14. for thorough investigation and to find out its effect in uptake of nutrients. The study
helped to identify key factors like organic carbon in soil and its minimum requirement for
optimum uptake of chemical fertilizers. The study will also help to understand the
physical parameters of the soil in overall fertility and in new planting.
Special Grants
Tea Board was also giving special grants for specific activities like supporting advisory
services to the small tea growers in Tripura by TRA. On this account, Tea Board
disbursed Rs.3.00 lakhs per annum sharing the cost on 50:50 basis with the state govt.
Sponsored Projects
Tea Board was also sponsoring research projects in different areas. The details of which
are given as under:
Grant-in-aid to Assam Agricultural University for specialized course in tea at
B.Sc Agriculture level.
Tea Board was giving recurring grants of Rs.2.00 lakhs to Assam Agricultural
University, Jorhat for running the specialized course in Tea Technology and Husbandry
at graduate level. Twenty students were obtaining graduate degree under this course
every year and they were absorbed in tea industry and also in the commercial banks and
research institutes.
MRL (Maximum Residue Limit) issues in tea
Fixation of MRL in tea at the national level and also at the international level is a matter
of great concern at the moment since India is consuming large quantity of tea as well as
exporting tea to many countries in the world. This issue of MRL has come up as nontariff
barrier. The scenario is two fold- (i) fixation of MRLs at the national level to
protect the consumers in the domestic sector; and (ii) international
stipulations/regulations/standards fixed by EU and other countries. India is trying to cope
up with the situation in both the fronts generating field data. TRA, UPASI-TRF and
Institute of Himalayan Bioresource and Technology are involved in field
experimentations supported by Tea Board and funded by National Tea Research
Foundation.
Data generated at the tea research institutes have been compiled and submitted to
the Ministry of Health for fixation of MRLs at the national level for commercially used
chemicals in tea crop. Such data are under scrutiny at different levels in the Govt. The list
of MRL under the PFA (Prevention of Food Adulteration Act) has expanded by inclusion
of new MRLs. This is a continuous process going on, so that new chemicals can be
considered for fixation of MRL.
Indian residue data has been formulated for the Codex Committee on Pesticide
Residue under WTO, and based on its recommendation; such data have been submitted
to the Codex proposing MRL. Data for two chemicals namely Chlorpyriphos and
Paraquat have been accepted at the international level for fixing MRL. More data are
under process for submission to Codex.
The process of finalization of the documents was a hard task since all drafts had to
14
15. be framed in line with the requirements of the Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residue
(JMPR). This technical body was looking after the workings of the Codex. Follow up
actions have also been taken as to how to make calculations after data generation for
formulation of MRL. Actions were also taken to interact with the international
organizations of manufacturers of chemicals so that a message could be transmitted to
them for generating residue data for the products they are manufacturing. All such actions
had to be taken through IGG to the member countries.
Circulars, workshops, discussions and special meetings have been arranged during
the year. The messages on the latest stipulations were issued to the tea industry, research
institutes and chemical manufacturers. A number of lectures/presentations on the subject
have been made in different forums. As a result of all such efforts, MRL issue is being
widely publicized along with stipulations. Number of complaints in respect of pesticide
residue issue has come down since the Board has made awareness at all level.10
According to the press release on 09 May 2002, New Delhi
INDIA LEADS IN ORGANIC TEA PRODUCTION
India is the leading producer of both non-organic as well as organic Tea in the world. The
entire Indian Production of Organic Tea is exported. The major destinations are UK ,
Germany , USA and Japan. The other major Organic Tea producing and exporting
countries of the world are Sri Lanka and China. The major Competitors of India in total
tea exports are Sri Lanka, Kenya, China and Indonesia. The Organic tea was introduced
to the world market in the mid 1980s. Over the past decade, its consumption has grown
by more than 10% per year globally. However in volume terms, the trading in Organic
Tea is very insignificant when compared to Black Tea.
At present there are 42 Tea gardens in the country that have given up organic tea
cultivation in an area of 6000 hectares and the current level production is around 3.5
million kgs which marks an increase of twenty fold over ten years period, with
theproduction in 1990 being only 0.15 million kgs. National standards for Organic
products have been formulated and Tea Board of India has been designated as the
accreditation agency for Tea. The Tea Board has also submitted a project proposal
through the Food and Agricultural Organisations (FAO) aimed at development of
technology and system of organic Tea production by setting up model Organic farms, for
funding by the common fund for commodities (CFC) . Financial assistance is also being
provided by Tea Board for imparting training on organic methods of cultivation. At
present , there are no certified small growers in the Organic Tea Sector. However Tea
Boards training programmes for development of Organic Tea cultivation will also cover
small growers in due course. 11
According to the economic times, Small tea growers up share in output
The Indian Tea Association says factories run by small growers have increased their
share in the country's tea production at a time when labour shortage and rising overhead
costs hit production at large estates. The association said in a report last month that
15
16. production at bought leaf factories increased by 12.3% between 1998 and 2007 as against
a 0.9% drop in the output of large estates. Bought leaf factories are units that process tea
but do not grow leaf. This sector has much lower cost of production which allows it to
sell tea at cheaper rates.Industry observers say a large number of established
manufacturers are now approaching these factories for tea. "We do buy around 2 million
kg of green leaf from the small growers," said Aditya Khaitan, managing director of
McLeod Russel India Ltd. "However, we have set our quality parameters and we procure
tea according to that standard."
Premium quality tea produced by small growers sells for over `100 a kg in Coonoor
auctions, said Krishnakumar J Shah, an exporter. The tea association said Assam has
registered the highest increase in bought leaf factory and cooperative production. Output
by small growers here has risen from 21.43 million kg in 1998 to 102.93 million kg in
2007.
Small growers in the Nilgiri region in Tamil Nadu are contributing 90 million kg of tea
from their 125 bought leaf factories, according to G Ramamurthy, a scientist with United
Planters' Association of Southern India. The yield is high in this area as most of the land
is converted vegetable land, he added. The Nilgiri region, comprising Gudalur, Ooty,
Coonoor, Kotagiri and Kundah, has 80,000 small growers and 40,000 hectares of land
under tea. The growers supply green leaves to bought leaf factories who manufacture
black tea and sell it at the auctions. The region has seen a 4% increase in crop this year.
"The less intensive north-east monsoon has led to good crop growth," said S Ramu,
president of Nilgiri Bought Leaf Tea Manufacturers Association. "Last year, the growers
had suffered severe damage due to floods."
The Wayanad Agro Movement Tea Company in Kerala has over 400 small growers
associated with it. An increase in production at bought tea leaf factories has helped the
company achieve an average daily production of 2,000 kg of CTC tea. CTC refers to
crush, tear and curl, a tea processing method.12
Caffeine content and effects
Tea: Tea has approximately 55 milligrams of caffeine per cup. Various teas contain
different amounts of caffeine. Green tea contains the least, about one-third the caffeine as
black and oolong about two-thirds as much. The caffeine in tea is said to increase
concentration, and enhance the sense of taste and smell. The effect of caffeine in tea
usually takes longer to enter the blood stream than coffee therefore, seems gentler to the
system. About 80% of the caffeine in black tea can be removed easily at home.13
Medicinal uses of tea
1. To cure loose motions: Lemon tea with biscuits made of husk in two to three
doses.
2. To decrease Obesity: Honey tea first thing in the morning.
16
17. 3. To cure fire burns: Covering the burnt part with a cloth soaked in cold black tea
[no milk, no sugar] and replacing and repeating every half an hour.
4. To remove Phlegm in the body: Basil / black pepper / ginger tea
5. To cure windy troubles: After light lunch, take black tea [very little sugar and
milk, if a must for any individual to relish tea].
6. Use of tea leaves in gardening: Add strained tea leaves / powder to soil and it is
very good manure. It is being practiced by me with pronounced result for all kind
of plants and especially very good for flower plants. 14
According to the Telegraph, Tea output rises in march, 2011.
Tea production in March saw an upswing of around 16 percent to 56.73 million kg
compared with 49 million kg produced during the same period last year. Exports
however fell to 11.9 million kg from 23.49 million kg last year.
According to the latest data published by the tea board, higher production was largely
on the back of higher output in Assam.
Production in the Assam valley was 21.37 million kg against 12.67 million kg produced in
March 2010. Cachar production was 2.2 million kg compared with 2.1 million kg last
year. Total Assam tea production stood at 23.66 million kg in March against 14.8 million
kg during the same period last year.
During march Darjeeling produced 0.5 million kg while the output in the Dooars and
terai stood at 7.6 million kg and 6.1 million kg , respectively. Total production in Bengal
registered a minor dip at 14.36 million kg against 15 million kg during March 2010.
Exports showed a negative trend and almost halved in March. In the first quarter of this
year estimated exports tea are said to be 39.62 million kg – 22.70 million kg from north
India and 16.92 million kg from the southern part of the country. In the January March
quarter last year, exports had touched 53.99 million kg.
Manufacture
Tea manufacture is the process of converting young fresh tea shoots into
dry black tea. This involves a number of processes from plucking to
packing. At the plucking stage, only the top leaf tips are picked every 6 to
7 days. The tip leaves are younger and finer which produce a better
quality tea. The fresh green leaves now need to have the moisture removed
from them. This is done by blowing air through the leaves for up to 14
hours, leaving a soft and pliable leaf. There are then two ways of treating
the tea. Tea which is to be used as loose leaf will normally be rolled
gently to create a twisted appearance.
In contrast, tea which is to be used for tea bags is shredded and crushed to
produce a small granular product. Rolling and crushing the leaves, results
in the rupturing of the leaf cells which allows oxidation to occur. This
gives the tea its distinctive black colour and flavour. The tea is then dried
at high temperatures to achieve the correct taste. When it has been dried,
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18. the leaf tea is of differing sizes and will also contain pieces of fibre and
stalk. At this point it is processed to remove pieces of stalk which will
then leave tea suitable to be sold as loose tea. The tea is passed through
varying sizes of meshes to sort it and has to be passed through very fine
ones in order to produce tea fine enough for tea bag production. This
process of sorting is a harsh one and it can cause the tea to lose some of
its flavour. That is why loose tea usually has a better flavour than the tea
in a tea bag.
Tea is indigenous to India and is an area where the country can take a lot
of pride. This is mainly because of its pre-eminence as a foreign exchange
earner and its contributions to the country's GNP.
In all aspects of tea production, consumption and export, India has
emerged to be the world leader, mainly because it accounts for 31% of
global production. It is perhaps the only industry where India has retained
its leadership over the last 150 years. Tea production in India has a very
interesting history to it.
The range of tea offered by India - from the original Orthodox to CTC and
Green Tea, from the aroma and flavour of Darjeeling Tea to the strong
Assam and Nilgiri Tea- remains unparalleled in the world.
Here are some statistical facts about the Indian Tea Industry:
• The total turnover of the tea industry is around Rs 10000 crores.
• Since independence Tea Production has grown over 250% while
land area has just grown by 40%
• There has been a considerable increase in export too in the past few
years. Total net foreign exchange earned per annum is around rs
1847 crores.
• The labour intensive Tea Industry directly employs over 1.1 million
workers and generates income for another 10 million people
approximately. Women constitute 50% of the workforce.
Tea trading in the domestic market is done in two ways: auction and
private selling. Market reports are received from the six major Auctions
centres in India namely, Calcutta, Guwahati, Siliguri, Cochin , Coonoor ,
Coimbatore and teaauction.com.
18
19. For many of us, a cup of tea is the best way to kick start a day. As the
most loved beverage in India, tea has indeed become an integral part of
the lives of its populace. Besides, India is the largest producer of tea in
the world with as much as 810 million kilograms being produced
annually.
There are three major tea-producing regions in India - Assam, Darjeeling
and Nilgiris. Over the years, India has mainly been known to produce
black tea. However, there is a shift in the trend now as many tea estates
have started producing green, white and oolong teas.
Assam:
One of the largest tea producing regions of the world, Assam is known for
growing the original Indian tea. Assam tea gardens feature impeccably
pruned tea bushes covering about 2,16,200 hectares that produce more
than 360 million kgs of tea annually. The tea of Assam has a strong
pungent taste that makes it famous the world over. The cropping season in
Assam begins as early as March and extends almost to mid December.
Darjeeling :
One of the most famous teas in the world, Darjeeling tea is grown in the
foothills of the Himalayas at an altitude of six thousand feet above sea
level. Considered as one of the best, Darjeeling tea is also referred to as
the 'Champagne of teas'. Tea with a class, Darjeeling tea has a strong
character and gentle disposition making it an all time favorite of tea
lovers.
Nilgiri:
Also known as the Blue Mountains, Nilgiris are spread across the
southwestern tip of India and lies at an altitude of forty five hundred feet.
Grown all the year round, Nilgiri teas are relatively mild and is a mellow,
light and clean liquor. Besides, Nilgiri teas are often used in blends.
Indian Tea Industry can be segmented into two geographical divisions –
North India and South India.In North, or particularly, Northeast India,
Assam and Sikkim are prominent in producing tea and are better known
for representing Indian tea quality all across the globe. For South India, it
is, Tamilnadu (Nilgiri), Kerala and Karnataka, who contribute to the
remaining production of tea and majorly coffee.It is to be noted that in the
current tea production scenario, South India produced 129.29 mkg of total
volume of 466.37 mkg in 2006 between January to July whereas, North
India contributed three times higher productivity at 337.08 mkg.
The Major Tea Regions
1. India
19
India is the largest tea-producing country in the world. Although India