Processes and mechanisms of narrative persuasion in entertainment-‐‑education interventions through audiovisual fiction. The role of identification with characters
This document summarizes a study on narrative persuasion in entertainment-education interventions. The study examined how identification with characters in a Colombian television series called "Revelados" impacted attitudes. 208 participants viewed different episodes and completed surveys. Results showed that greater identification with main characters led to more cognitive elaboration of the health messages, which in turn shaped more positive attitudes. Specifically, identifying with characters who discussed adolescent sexuality, gender violence, and coming out led viewers to think more about and accept those messages. Counterarguing did not significantly mediate effects. The findings provide evidence that identification is a key mechanism of narrative persuasion for entertainment-education.
This powerpoint focused on the images children view and how it shapes the way they live their lives. I recommend discussion about the topic rather than ignoring the problem.
Resource Academia Essay Writing CompetitionNicole Olson
Here are a few reasons why Edgar Allan Poe frequently used allusions in his writing:
- To enhance meaning and add layers of interpretation. Many of Poe's allusions reference ancient myths, biblical stories, and literary works. Incorporating these references allowed readers to make connections to deeper themes and symbolism.
- To display his vast knowledge and intellect. Poe was highly educated and well-read. His use of obscure historical, literary and cultural allusions demonstrated his erudition to readers.
- To create mood and atmosphere. Poe often alluded to dark, mysterious or macabre subjects that matched the ominous tones and suspenseful moods in his stories. The allusions helped set a certain
What Is Job Satisfaction As An Attitude Or Emotional...Emily Jones
This document discusses job satisfaction and its definition as an attitude or emotional response to work tasks and conditions. It identifies four main causes of job dissatisfaction: personal disposition, tasks/roles, supervisors/coworkers, and pay/benefits. Three of these categories are directly controlled by organizations. Retaining employees relies on avoiding voluntary turnover by addressing factors that could lead to dissatisfaction. Researchers have explored teacher retention rates and identified influencing factors like ability to use teaching qualifications.
This document is an undergraduate thesis that examines the impact of television violence on children's behavior in Brgy. Ligaya, Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. It begins with an introduction that discusses the issues of television violence and its effects on youth behavior. It then presents the statement of the problem, conceptual framework, research paradigm, hypotheses, scope and limitations of the study, significance of the study, definition of terms, and a review of related literature and studies both foreign and local. The methodology section describes the descriptive research method and data collection process using questionnaires, checklists and interviews. Finally, the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data section includes tables showing the profile of respondents and their responses regarding television
This study examined the portrayal of women in television commercials on ESPN (a male-oriented network) versus TLC (a female-oriented network). The researchers coded 70 commercials based on the display of women's cleavage, buttocks, and midriff as indicators of sexual objectification. They found that commercials on ESPN displayed women's bodies in a more sexualized manner than commercials on TLC. This supported the hypothesis that women would be objectified more on a network targeting male audiences. The sexual objectification of women in media can influence self-esteem, body image, and gender stereotypes, especially for young women. Further research is needed to develop empowering alternatives to harmful portrayals.
While women may perceive the streets as more dangerous due to fear of sexual assault and murder, statistics show that men actually face greater risks of violence in public spaces. The "victimization/fear paradox" refers to the disparity between perceived risk and actual risk, with women overestimating street danger relative to the likelihood of crime occurring at home. Assaults are nearly three times more common against men on streets compared to women. Overall statistics indicate homes and private residences pose greater risks of murder, sexual assault, and domestic violence than public spaces do.
How To Write The Best National Junior Honor Society Essay. 008 Essay Example National Junior Honor Society Examples Resume Outline .... National Junior Honor Society Essay Examples - Njhs Essay. 004 National Junior Honor Society Essay Samples Lola Rodriguez ~ Thatsnotus. 019 Essay Example National Junior Honor Society ~ Thatsnotus. National Honor Society Essay Ideas | Sitedoct.org. ️ National junior honor society essay. How to Write a National Junior .... 007 National Junior Honor Society Essay Example Cover in National .... Njhs Essay Help, National Honor Society Essay.
This document summarizes a study on narrative persuasion in entertainment-education interventions. The study examined how identification with characters in a Colombian television series called "Revelados" impacted attitudes. 208 participants viewed different episodes and completed surveys. Results showed that greater identification with main characters led to more cognitive elaboration of the health messages, which in turn shaped more positive attitudes. Specifically, identifying with characters who discussed adolescent sexuality, gender violence, and coming out led viewers to think more about and accept those messages. Counterarguing did not significantly mediate effects. The findings provide evidence that identification is a key mechanism of narrative persuasion for entertainment-education.
This powerpoint focused on the images children view and how it shapes the way they live their lives. I recommend discussion about the topic rather than ignoring the problem.
Resource Academia Essay Writing CompetitionNicole Olson
Here are a few reasons why Edgar Allan Poe frequently used allusions in his writing:
- To enhance meaning and add layers of interpretation. Many of Poe's allusions reference ancient myths, biblical stories, and literary works. Incorporating these references allowed readers to make connections to deeper themes and symbolism.
- To display his vast knowledge and intellect. Poe was highly educated and well-read. His use of obscure historical, literary and cultural allusions demonstrated his erudition to readers.
- To create mood and atmosphere. Poe often alluded to dark, mysterious or macabre subjects that matched the ominous tones and suspenseful moods in his stories. The allusions helped set a certain
What Is Job Satisfaction As An Attitude Or Emotional...Emily Jones
This document discusses job satisfaction and its definition as an attitude or emotional response to work tasks and conditions. It identifies four main causes of job dissatisfaction: personal disposition, tasks/roles, supervisors/coworkers, and pay/benefits. Three of these categories are directly controlled by organizations. Retaining employees relies on avoiding voluntary turnover by addressing factors that could lead to dissatisfaction. Researchers have explored teacher retention rates and identified influencing factors like ability to use teaching qualifications.
This document is an undergraduate thesis that examines the impact of television violence on children's behavior in Brgy. Ligaya, Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. It begins with an introduction that discusses the issues of television violence and its effects on youth behavior. It then presents the statement of the problem, conceptual framework, research paradigm, hypotheses, scope and limitations of the study, significance of the study, definition of terms, and a review of related literature and studies both foreign and local. The methodology section describes the descriptive research method and data collection process using questionnaires, checklists and interviews. Finally, the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data section includes tables showing the profile of respondents and their responses regarding television
This study examined the portrayal of women in television commercials on ESPN (a male-oriented network) versus TLC (a female-oriented network). The researchers coded 70 commercials based on the display of women's cleavage, buttocks, and midriff as indicators of sexual objectification. They found that commercials on ESPN displayed women's bodies in a more sexualized manner than commercials on TLC. This supported the hypothesis that women would be objectified more on a network targeting male audiences. The sexual objectification of women in media can influence self-esteem, body image, and gender stereotypes, especially for young women. Further research is needed to develop empowering alternatives to harmful portrayals.
While women may perceive the streets as more dangerous due to fear of sexual assault and murder, statistics show that men actually face greater risks of violence in public spaces. The "victimization/fear paradox" refers to the disparity between perceived risk and actual risk, with women overestimating street danger relative to the likelihood of crime occurring at home. Assaults are nearly three times more common against men on streets compared to women. Overall statistics indicate homes and private residences pose greater risks of murder, sexual assault, and domestic violence than public spaces do.
How To Write The Best National Junior Honor Society Essay. 008 Essay Example National Junior Honor Society Examples Resume Outline .... National Junior Honor Society Essay Examples - Njhs Essay. 004 National Junior Honor Society Essay Samples Lola Rodriguez ~ Thatsnotus. 019 Essay Example National Junior Honor Society ~ Thatsnotus. National Honor Society Essay Ideas | Sitedoct.org. ️ National junior honor society essay. How to Write a National Junior .... 007 National Junior Honor Society Essay Example Cover in National .... Njhs Essay Help, National Honor Society Essay.
The group aimed to raise awareness about insensitivity towards violence by conducting research. They administered a questionnaire to experimental and control groups to measure sensitivity to different types of violence. Statistical analysis found the experimental group, who received education on non-violence, demonstrated greater sensitivity to verbal, psychological, emotional, financial and neglect violence. Future work includes organizing more seminars and activities to inform people about violence.
The document provides instructions for students seeking writing assistance on HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, and the company offers refunds for plagiarized work.
The document discusses relational-intercultural therapy and consultation with Latinx families. It covers several key topics in less than three sentences: cultural humility in clinical practice with Latinx clients, the importance of community-based participatory research and building trust with communities, addressing structural barriers and institutional racism that impact Latinx mental health and help-seeking behaviors, and the need for culturally-informed interventions that consider issues of acculturation, familism, and racial microaggressions.
Essay On Food Inc. Reflection Paper: Organic Foods Free Essay ExampleJessica Turner
Food inc review (400 Words) - PHDessay.com. Food Inc. Essay Example - PHDessay.com. Food Inc Essay | Essay on the Food Industry and Big Food - A Plus Topper. Food Inc essay - Grade: A - Tra Nguyen (Cindy) Food Inc essay ECO 3309 .... 002 Essay Example Food Inc Summary ~ Thatsnotus. Food inc summary essay - Get Help From Custom College Essay Writing and .... Food Inc Essay — Food Inc. Documentary - Notes. Essays on food inc documentary. Food Essay | Essay on Food for Students and Children in English - A .... Reflection Paper: Organic Foods Free Essay Example. Reflection on Food Inc. Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written .... (PDF) Reaction Paper on Food, Inc. - a Robert Kenner film | Ruby Grace .... Healthy food essay for students || Essay on healthy food in English .... Essay on food corporation of india in 2021 | Persuasive essay topics .... (PDF) Contemporary Food Matters?: A Review Essay. Food Inc. Response Essay - ENG-111 Response to Documentary Professor .... ⭐ Healthy food essay. Healthy Food Essay 150 Words. 2022-10-27. Reaction Paper On Food Inc. | PDF | Poultry Farming | Foods. Argumentative essay on food inc - Custom Essay Order. English Local Food Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written .... Food Inc Essay - Check Out Our "Food Inc." (by Robert Kenner) Essay. Essay About Local Food, HD Png Download - kindpng.
Ian Realo will examine the complex plot lines and themes in the children's show "My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic" and relate them to mature social themes and cultural icons. Previous research has shown that visual complexity can benefit children's attention and learning from television. Additionally, children perceive television as easier to understand than print media, making television knowledge more accessible. Realo will analyze episodes for complexities around plot lines and cultural references, showing how complexity and children's media can be combined effectively. This methodology will provide insights without requiring new testing on children.
Here are some tips for writing an effective case study:
1. Define the problem/situation clearly. Concisely describe the key issues or challenges facing the organization, person, event, etc. that is the focus of the case study.
2. Provide context and background. Give the reader essential information to understand the situation, such as relevant history, industry landscape, profiles of key players, etc.
3. Include multiple perspectives. Incorporate different viewpoints on the problem from various stakeholders involved (e.g. managers, employees, customers).
4. Support with facts and data. Back up your description of the case with concrete evidence like financial statistics, timelines, quotes from interviews.
5
The document provides an overview of the history and programming of Black Entertainment Television (BET). It notes that BET was the first black-owned television network and company, founded in 1980. It discusses some of BET's longest running and most popular shows over the years that helped establish it as a leader in black entertainment. It also mentions BET's Christian-themed religious programming block and its annual music festival.
This document discusses research design and the differences between descriptive and explanatory research. Descriptive research aims to describe what is happening, while explanatory research aims to explain why something is happening. Good description is important and can provoke explanatory research questions by identifying social phenomena that need explanation. However, description can also be unfocused. Explanatory research develops causal explanations, but causation must be inferred carefully as correlation does not necessarily indicate causation. Research design aims to avoid making invalid causal inferences. Causation in social sciences is generally thought of probabilistically rather than deterministically.
This document discusses research design and the different types of research questions. It distinguishes between descriptive research, which aims to describe what is occurring, and explanatory research, which aims to explain why something is occurring. Descriptive research involves collecting data to provide accurate descriptions, while explanatory research develops causal explanations. Research design is affected by whether the research question is descriptive or explanatory. The document also discusses theory testing versus theory building approaches, and how they involve moving from observations to theory or from theory to observations. Research design provides the structure and plan for collecting and analyzing data depending on the type of research question and theoretical approach.
This document discusses research design and the different types of research questions. It distinguishes between descriptive research, which aims to describe what is occurring, and explanatory research, which aims to explain why something is occurring. Descriptive research involves collecting data to provide accurate descriptions, while explanatory research develops causal explanations. Research design is affected by whether the research question is descriptive or explanatory. The document also discusses theory testing versus theory building approaches, and how they involve moving from observations to theory or from theory to observations. Research design provides the structure and plan for collecting and analyzing data depending on the type of research question and theoretical approach.
This document discusses research design and the differences between descriptive and explanatory research. Descriptive research aims to describe what is happening, while explanatory research aims to explain why something is happening. Good description is important and can provoke explanatory research questions by identifying social phenomena that need explanation. However, description alone does not explain causes. Explanatory research develops causal explanations, but causation should not be confused with correlation, as correlation does not necessarily imply causation. The purpose of research design is to avoid making invalid causal inferences.
This document discusses research design and the differences between descriptive and explanatory research. Descriptive research aims to describe what is happening, while explanatory research aims to explain why something is happening. Good description is important and can provoke explanatory research questions by identifying social phenomena that need explanation. However, description can also be unfocused. Explanatory research develops causal explanations, but causation must be inferred and is not the same as prediction or correlation. Causal relationships in the social sciences are generally probabilistic rather than deterministic. The purpose of research design is to avoid making invalid causal inferences.
How To Write An Essay On A Movie. How to Write a Movie ReviewCarolyn Collum
How To Write A Movie Review? The Complete Guide - EssayMin. FREE 8 Sample Movie Reviews in MS Word PDF Essay, Review essay .... Best Film Analysis Essay Examples PNG - scholarship. Write films essay. Sample Essay. 006 Essay Movies English Paper Help How To Write For High School .... Film Essay. Help with writing a film essay - YouTube. How To Write A Movie Review: Complete Guide, Examples, Tips .... 020 Year9shortfilmcharacterisationessay Phpapp02 Thumbnail Film Essay .... How To Write A Movie Review : How to Write a Movie Review? : But it .... How to write a film paper. How to Write a Movie Analysis Essay .... How to write an analysis essay on a movie. How to Write an Analysis .... How to write a film analysis essay by Franz Morales - Issuu. 008 Film Evaluation Essay Example On Movie How To Write Review Analysis .... How to write a movie review essay. The Movie Review, the Blind Side .... My Favourite Film Essay Telegraph. Example Film Essay Thesis - How to Write an Evaluation Essay. 012 Movie Review Essay Cover Letters Of Exploratory Essays Good Basics .... Pay for Exclusive Essay - movie essay writing - copyeditingrate.web.fc2.com. Film essay example. How To Write A Good Movie Review Guide with .... Film Analysis Essay Format - Top 20 Useful Tips for Writing a Film .... Review essay movie example. Kinds of movies essay in 2021 Essay writing, Good essay, Expository essay. How to Write a Movie Review. Sample evaluation essay on a movie - opencoursewarefinance.web.fc2.com. Easy a movie essay. How to Write a Film Analysis Essay. 2019-01-10. 018 Film Essay Food Inc Movie Worksheet Answers Inspirational Summary .... 003 Example Movie Review Essays 130056 Essay Thatsnotus. Writing essays about movies. How to write a good film. How to Write a Short Film: Step. 2022-10-21. film essay How To Write An Essay On A Movie How To Write An Essay On A Movie. How to Write a Movie Review
Moved My Cheese Essay. Online assignment writing service.Brenda Gutierrez
The document discusses the history and evolution of mine warfare from its origins in the American Revolutionary War to modern times. It notes that mines were first used in 1776 to destroy British ships and that their use increased during the Civil War and World Wars. Over time, mines have become more advanced, using magnetic, acoustic and pressure triggers. The development of mines and countermeasures has continued as navies and terrorist groups acquire these dangerous weapons.
Dominic Carter keynotes 2014 annual la cross child maltreatment conference Dominic Carter
This document provides details about an educational session titled "I have been running my entire life, I am finally free" to be presented at the 2014 Annual La Cross Child Maltreatment Conference. The session aims to help attendees better understand the complexities faced by child victims of abuse and those with mentally ill parents. It also aims to motivate and inspire attendees by highlighting their important work helping children.
The presentation will be given by Dominic Carter and will last 60 minutes. It will provide a personal account of surviving severe child abuse and sexual abuse as well as having a mother with chronic paranoid schizophrenia. It will discuss the difficulties child victims face in communicating their experiences and coping with shame, guilt and memories. It will also emphasize how
This document provides an overview of a study on the effects of bullying among high school students. It includes an introduction to bullying, a literature review on the topic, and an outline of the study's methodology. The study aims to understand the profile of bullied students, identify the causes and effects of bullying, and make recommendations. It will use a descriptive research method and questionnaire to collect data from high school students in Cauayan City, Isabela, Philippines. The results of the study seek to help students, parents, and educators address the issue of bullying.
Childhood Sexual Abuse: Assessment and Treatment Using Trauma-Focused Cogniti...Dr. Bernadette Marson
This document discusses childhood sexual abuse (CSA), including statistics on prevalence and treatments. It provides statistics showing that CSA affects millions of children worldwide each year, with prevalence rates ranging from 7.9% for males to 28.2% for females in rural New Zealand. CSA can cause long-term mental, physical, and social impacts. An effective evidence-based treatment is Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), which typically involves 12-20 sessions for children ages 3-18 and their non-offending parents or caregivers. TF-CBT combines elements of cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, and family therapy to reduce trauma-related distress and improve family communication through components including psycho
Childhood Sexual Abuse: Assessment and Treatment Using Trauma-Focused Cogniti...Dr. Bernadette Marson
This document discusses childhood sexual abuse (CSA), including statistics on prevalence and treatment options. It provides statistics showing that CSA affects millions of children worldwide each year, with prevalence rates ranging from 7.9% for males to 28.2% for females in rural New Zealand. The effects of CSA can last a lifetime. Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is presented as the most effective treatment, consisting of components delivered to both the child and parent, including psychoeducation, relaxation techniques, affect expression/regulation, cognitive coping, trauma narrative/processing, in vivo exposure, and conjoint parent-child sessions to improve communication and safety skills.
A Presentation by Prevent Child Abuse AmericaMichelle Gross
Presentation by Ben Tanzer, Senior Director of Strategic Communications at Prevent Child Abuse America, at the recent NYS Parenting Education Partnership full membership meeting.
Algunos retos en la generación de capacidades en Comunicación en SaludJair Vega Casanova
El documento discute tres temas clave relacionados con la comunicación en salud: 1) Lo social y cultural son construcciones comunicacionales, por lo que los comportamientos solo cambian al cambiar los significados. 2) Los conceptos de salud, enfermedad y muerte son históricos y culturales, y han evolucionado de estar asociados con la enfermedad a estar asociados con el desarrollo humano. 3) Existe evidencia del rol de las intervenciones comunicacionales, la comunicación médico-paciente y los medios de comunicación en los procesos de
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The group aimed to raise awareness about insensitivity towards violence by conducting research. They administered a questionnaire to experimental and control groups to measure sensitivity to different types of violence. Statistical analysis found the experimental group, who received education on non-violence, demonstrated greater sensitivity to verbal, psychological, emotional, financial and neglect violence. Future work includes organizing more seminars and activities to inform people about violence.
The document provides instructions for students seeking writing assistance on HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, and the company offers refunds for plagiarized work.
The document discusses relational-intercultural therapy and consultation with Latinx families. It covers several key topics in less than three sentences: cultural humility in clinical practice with Latinx clients, the importance of community-based participatory research and building trust with communities, addressing structural barriers and institutional racism that impact Latinx mental health and help-seeking behaviors, and the need for culturally-informed interventions that consider issues of acculturation, familism, and racial microaggressions.
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Food inc review (400 Words) - PHDessay.com. Food Inc. Essay Example - PHDessay.com. Food Inc Essay | Essay on the Food Industry and Big Food - A Plus Topper. Food Inc essay - Grade: A - Tra Nguyen (Cindy) Food Inc essay ECO 3309 .... 002 Essay Example Food Inc Summary ~ Thatsnotus. Food inc summary essay - Get Help From Custom College Essay Writing and .... Food Inc Essay — Food Inc. Documentary - Notes. Essays on food inc documentary. Food Essay | Essay on Food for Students and Children in English - A .... Reflection Paper: Organic Foods Free Essay Example. Reflection on Food Inc. Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written .... (PDF) Reaction Paper on Food, Inc. - a Robert Kenner film | Ruby Grace .... Healthy food essay for students || Essay on healthy food in English .... Essay on food corporation of india in 2021 | Persuasive essay topics .... (PDF) Contemporary Food Matters?: A Review Essay. Food Inc. Response Essay - ENG-111 Response to Documentary Professor .... ⭐ Healthy food essay. Healthy Food Essay 150 Words. 2022-10-27. Reaction Paper On Food Inc. | PDF | Poultry Farming | Foods. Argumentative essay on food inc - Custom Essay Order. English Local Food Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written .... Food Inc Essay - Check Out Our "Food Inc." (by Robert Kenner) Essay. Essay About Local Food, HD Png Download - kindpng.
Ian Realo will examine the complex plot lines and themes in the children's show "My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic" and relate them to mature social themes and cultural icons. Previous research has shown that visual complexity can benefit children's attention and learning from television. Additionally, children perceive television as easier to understand than print media, making television knowledge more accessible. Realo will analyze episodes for complexities around plot lines and cultural references, showing how complexity and children's media can be combined effectively. This methodology will provide insights without requiring new testing on children.
Here are some tips for writing an effective case study:
1. Define the problem/situation clearly. Concisely describe the key issues or challenges facing the organization, person, event, etc. that is the focus of the case study.
2. Provide context and background. Give the reader essential information to understand the situation, such as relevant history, industry landscape, profiles of key players, etc.
3. Include multiple perspectives. Incorporate different viewpoints on the problem from various stakeholders involved (e.g. managers, employees, customers).
4. Support with facts and data. Back up your description of the case with concrete evidence like financial statistics, timelines, quotes from interviews.
5
The document provides an overview of the history and programming of Black Entertainment Television (BET). It notes that BET was the first black-owned television network and company, founded in 1980. It discusses some of BET's longest running and most popular shows over the years that helped establish it as a leader in black entertainment. It also mentions BET's Christian-themed religious programming block and its annual music festival.
This document discusses research design and the differences between descriptive and explanatory research. Descriptive research aims to describe what is happening, while explanatory research aims to explain why something is happening. Good description is important and can provoke explanatory research questions by identifying social phenomena that need explanation. However, description can also be unfocused. Explanatory research develops causal explanations, but causation must be inferred carefully as correlation does not necessarily indicate causation. Research design aims to avoid making invalid causal inferences. Causation in social sciences is generally thought of probabilistically rather than deterministically.
This document discusses research design and the different types of research questions. It distinguishes between descriptive research, which aims to describe what is occurring, and explanatory research, which aims to explain why something is occurring. Descriptive research involves collecting data to provide accurate descriptions, while explanatory research develops causal explanations. Research design is affected by whether the research question is descriptive or explanatory. The document also discusses theory testing versus theory building approaches, and how they involve moving from observations to theory or from theory to observations. Research design provides the structure and plan for collecting and analyzing data depending on the type of research question and theoretical approach.
This document discusses research design and the different types of research questions. It distinguishes between descriptive research, which aims to describe what is occurring, and explanatory research, which aims to explain why something is occurring. Descriptive research involves collecting data to provide accurate descriptions, while explanatory research develops causal explanations. Research design is affected by whether the research question is descriptive or explanatory. The document also discusses theory testing versus theory building approaches, and how they involve moving from observations to theory or from theory to observations. Research design provides the structure and plan for collecting and analyzing data depending on the type of research question and theoretical approach.
This document discusses research design and the differences between descriptive and explanatory research. Descriptive research aims to describe what is happening, while explanatory research aims to explain why something is happening. Good description is important and can provoke explanatory research questions by identifying social phenomena that need explanation. However, description alone does not explain causes. Explanatory research develops causal explanations, but causation should not be confused with correlation, as correlation does not necessarily imply causation. The purpose of research design is to avoid making invalid causal inferences.
This document discusses research design and the differences between descriptive and explanatory research. Descriptive research aims to describe what is happening, while explanatory research aims to explain why something is happening. Good description is important and can provoke explanatory research questions by identifying social phenomena that need explanation. However, description can also be unfocused. Explanatory research develops causal explanations, but causation must be inferred and is not the same as prediction or correlation. Causal relationships in the social sciences are generally probabilistic rather than deterministic. The purpose of research design is to avoid making invalid causal inferences.
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The document discusses the history and evolution of mine warfare from its origins in the American Revolutionary War to modern times. It notes that mines were first used in 1776 to destroy British ships and that their use increased during the Civil War and World Wars. Over time, mines have become more advanced, using magnetic, acoustic and pressure triggers. The development of mines and countermeasures has continued as navies and terrorist groups acquire these dangerous weapons.
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This document provides details about an educational session titled "I have been running my entire life, I am finally free" to be presented at the 2014 Annual La Cross Child Maltreatment Conference. The session aims to help attendees better understand the complexities faced by child victims of abuse and those with mentally ill parents. It also aims to motivate and inspire attendees by highlighting their important work helping children.
The presentation will be given by Dominic Carter and will last 60 minutes. It will provide a personal account of surviving severe child abuse and sexual abuse as well as having a mother with chronic paranoid schizophrenia. It will discuss the difficulties child victims face in communicating their experiences and coping with shame, guilt and memories. It will also emphasize how
This document provides an overview of a study on the effects of bullying among high school students. It includes an introduction to bullying, a literature review on the topic, and an outline of the study's methodology. The study aims to understand the profile of bullied students, identify the causes and effects of bullying, and make recommendations. It will use a descriptive research method and questionnaire to collect data from high school students in Cauayan City, Isabela, Philippines. The results of the study seek to help students, parents, and educators address the issue of bullying.
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This document discusses childhood sexual abuse (CSA), including statistics on prevalence and treatment options. It provides statistics showing that CSA affects millions of children worldwide each year, with prevalence rates ranging from 7.9% for males to 28.2% for females in rural New Zealand. The effects of CSA can last a lifetime. Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is presented as the most effective treatment, consisting of components delivered to both the child and parent, including psychoeducation, relaxation techniques, affect expression/regulation, cognitive coping, trauma narrative/processing, in vivo exposure, and conjoint parent-child sessions to improve communication and safety skills.
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Processes and mechanisms of narrative persuasion in entertainment-‐‑education interventions through audiovisual fiction. The role of identification with characters
1. Processes and mechanisms of narrative persuasion in
entertainment-‐‑education interventions through
audiovisual fiction.
The role of identification with characters
Juan-José Igartua1 & Jair Vega2
1 University of Salamanca (Spain) – 2 Universidad del Norte (Colombia)
TEEM’14
Techological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality
Salamanca, October 1-3, 2014
Track 6: “Communiction, Education and Health Promotion”
2. Main goal
To improve our knowledge of the
explanatory processes of narrative
persuasion in the field of health
communication using data
obtained in a study of
entertainment-education based on
audiovisual fiction.
3. Introduction
Empirical study:
• Experimental
research.
• 208 participants.
• Mediation analysis.
Theroretical background:
• Narrative persuasion.
• Entertainment-Education
approach and health
communication.
• TV series: “Revelados,
desde todas las
posiciones” (Colombia).
4. Narrative persuasion
• How exposure to (fictional)
narratives designed to entertain
can cause persuasive effects
(Green & Brock, 2000).
• Narratives (such as television
series or movies) are processed
differently from traditional
persuasive messages (such as
commercial advertisements),
(Slater & Rouner, 2002).
5. Traditional persuasive messages
versus narratives
Persuasive messages Narratives
• Contain list of arguments
in an explicit way.
• Show a clear
educational or
attitudinal goal.
• Processing goal: to
develop a correct
attitude.
• Illustrate through the
presentation of events.
• Action is focused on
the main characters.
• Designed for
enjoyment.
• Processing goal: to
become involved in
the story and on the
characters.
6. Dual models versus narrative
persuasion models
• Main process in dual models
of rethorical persuasion (e.g.,
ELM): cognitive elaboration
(reflection, issue-relevant
thoughts).
• Main process (mechanisms)
of narrative persuasion:
transportation and
identification with the
characters.
7. Identification with characters
Identifying with characters is an imaginative process
that involves the temporal replacement of own’s
identity with that of a character from an affective and
cognitive point of view (Cohen, 2001).
Emotional empathy (the ability to feel what the
characters feel).
Cognitive empathy (adopting the point of view of the
characters).
Merging (a temporal loss of self-‐‑awareness and
imagining the story as if one were one of the
characters).
8. Narrative models in Health
Communication
• Extended Elaboration Likelihood Model, E-ELM,
(Slater & Rouner, 2002).
• Entertainment Overcoming Resistance Model,
EORM (Moyer-Gusé, 2008).
Identification
with the
characters
Counterarguing
AKitudinal
impact
-‐‑
-‐‑
BUT, empirical research into this topic
is in its early stages and has shown
contradictory findings.
9. TV series and Entertainment-‐‑
Education
• Even though
narrative formats do
not explicitly present
arguments from an
external source,
these can appear in
dialogues taking
place among
characters during
certain moments of
the story.
Fictional narrative formats
(e.g., TV series) designed
to bring about positive
social change show a clear
educational component.
10. Identification and cognitive
processes
Two possible relationships between identification and
cognitive processes.
① Identification (empathy dimension) can stimulate
involvement with the messages “(…) which, in turn,
increases the elaboration of messages and their
potential persuasive effects” (Cohen, 2001, p. 260).
② Identification (which also involves a temporary loss
of self-awareness) most likely would lead to a less
critical reading of the message.
11. Our main objective
To test to what extent the attitudinal impact
caused by exposure to fictional audiovisual
contents designed as entertainment-
education platforms (through the Colombian
television series “Revelados, desde todas las
posiciones”) is explained because
identification leads to a greater reflection or
rather to a greater counterarguing.
13. Method
• N = 208 participants (age 14-20, mean = 15.85; 51.9%
women).
• An experimental study (in Cololmbia, 2013).
• TV series “Revelados, desde todas las
posiciones” (RDTP).
https://www.youtube.com/user/REVELADOSDTP
• Participants were randomly divided in three groups
(each group a different RDTP episode).
• The impact of viewing the episodes was assessed though
a questionnaire containing scales to measure reception
processes and attitudinal impact.
14. RDTP
• RDTP is a television series
addressed to young people
between the ages of 12 and
19, produced by the
Fundación Imaginario in
Colombia.
• Educational contents: sexual
relation, sexual diversity and
gender violence.
• First season: 20 episodes lasting
about 15 minutes each and
presents a story with continuity
from one episode to another.
The main characters:
Camila, Juan Carlos,
Vanessa and Sebastián.
15. RDTP: Episodes and topics
Episode 8: Adolescent sexuality: this episode
aKempts to reinforce positive beliefs about sexual
decision-‐‑making.
Camila is the main character of the episode
transmiKing the educational message.
Episode 10: Gender violence: to reinforce an
aKitude of rejection of gender violence.
Vanessa is the main character of the episode
transmiKing the educational message.
Episode 17: Expressing homosexual feelings: to
reinforce a positive aKitude toward gay men who
decide to openly express their sexual orientation .
Juan Carlos is the main character of the episode
transmiKing the educational message.
16. Instruments and variables
• Identifiction with the main
characters (11 items scale;
αCamila = .86, αVanessa = .89,
αSebastian = .91, αJuan Carlos = .
89).
• Cognitive elaboration (4
itmes scale; α= .83).
• Counterarguing (4 items
scale; α= .72).
• Attitudinal impact: different
topics (adolescent sexuality,
gender violence and sexual
diversity).
• A questionnaire
administered to the
participants
immediately after
they viewed the
episode.
17. Results
• Macro PROCESS for SPSS (Hayes, 2013).
• A mediation model with two mediating
variables that operate in sequence (model 6).
• The indirect effect was calculated using 10,000
bootstrap samples for bias-corrected bootstrap
confidence intervals.
• An indirect effect is considered statistically
significant if the confidence interval established
(CI at 95%) does not include the value 0.
18. Mediation model: Chapter 8
Identification
with Camila
Cognitive
elaboration
Positive aKitude
toward sexual
decision-‐‑making
Counterarguing
Indirect effect
Identification -‐‑> Cognitive elaboration -‐‑> AKitudes
B = .28, SE = .14, 95% CI [.01, .65]
.72 ***
.40 *
.51 ***
Direct effect = .23
-‐‑.07
-‐‑.16
* p < .05, *** p < .001
Total effect = .47 **
19. Mediation model: Chapter 10
Identification
with Vanessa
Cognitive
elaboration
Negative aKitude
toward gender
violence
Counterarguing
Indirect effect
Identification -‐‑> Cognitive elaboration -‐‑> AKitudes
B = .33, SE = .13, 95% CI [.10, .65]
.57 ***
.58 **
.34 **
Direct effect = -‐‑.12
.28 *
-‐‑.17
* p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001
Total effect = .12
20. Mediation model: Chapter 17
Identification
with Juan Carlos
Cognitive
elaboration
Positve aKitude
toward gay men
coming out
Counterarguing
Indirect effect
Identification -‐‑> Cognitive elaboration -‐‑> AKitudes
B = .18, SE = .12, 95% CI [.02, .54]
.48 *
.37 *
.18
Direct effect = -‐‑.31
.05
.36 +
+ p < .10, * p < .05, *** p < .001
Total effect = -‐‑.07
21. Discussion and conclusions
• This study confirm the
important role of
identification with characters
as one of the mechanism of
narrative persuasion.
• A greater identification with
the main character was
associated with a greater
cognitive elaboration, in turn
leading to prosocial
attitudes.
• Counterarguing did not play
a significant mediating role.
The models of narrative persuasion
and the dual models of rhetorical
persuasion may be compatible in
certain contexts, such as when
messages are designed in such a way
that the characters make explicit the
arguments supporting the prosocial
or preventive message through their
dialogues.
22.
23. Thank you very much!
Juan-‐‑José Igartua (*)
University of Salamanca, Spain
(*) Contact: jigartua@usal.es
hKp://www.ocausal.es