The document discusses potential solutions to the problem of higher crime rates in urban areas compared to rural areas. It first lists some potential causes of higher urban crime, such as weaker community ties and a larger wealth gap. It then proposes two solutions: increasing community policing to foster stronger relationships between police and the public, and narrowing the wealth gap through tax reform to reduce poverty and inequality. The conclusion restates that the lack of community and large wealth disparities contribute to higher urban crime rates, and that ensuring all city residents have equal opportunities could help remedy the situation.

1. Problem Solution Essay
Zaure Kertayeva

2. Understanding the question
 Global warming is one of the most serious issues facing the world today.
What are some of the causes of global warming? What can governments and
individuals do to solve the problem?
 Carbon emissions is leading to the issue of global warming. How is it affecting
our planet. What can governments and individuals do to solve the problem?
 The crime rate in urban areas is usually much higher than in rural areas. Why
is this? What can be done to address the problem of city crime?
 Many animals today are being hunted to the point of extinction. What can be
done to tackle this problem?

3. Brainstroming
The crime rate in urban areas is usually much higher than in rural areas. Why is
this? What can be done to address the problem of city crime?
Causes Solutions
Stronger sense of community in rural
areas
More community policing (more
policemen on street)
More money for city crime Install more security cameras (deter
crime)
Wider gap between rich and poor Governments can reform tax system

4. Brainstorming
The crime rate in urban areas is usually much higher than in rural areas.
Why is this? What can be done to address the problem of city crime?
 Causes
 Stronger sense of community in rural areas
 More money for city crime
 Wider gap between rich and poor
 Solutions
 More community policing
 Install more security cameras (deter crime)
 Governments can reform tax system

5. Organisation
 Introduction
 General topic
 Address all areas in prompt
 Bodies
 Body 1 Cause or Effect/Problem 1
Explanation /example… - Support
 Causes or Effect/Problem 2
Explanation /example… - Support
 Body 2 Solution
Result /example… - Support
Solution
Result /example… - Support
 Conclusion
 Summarise main points of essay
 (solution - only when/ not until , inverted

6. Introduction
Cause /Solution Only solution
The probability of being a victim of crime
is much higher in cities than in smaller
towns or villages. This trend is mainly due
to _________ and __________. However,
there are a number of measures that can
be implemented to resolve the issue of
_________.
The probability of being a victim of crime
is much higher in cities than in smaller
towns or villages. However, there are a
number of measures that can be
implemented to resolve the issue of
_________, including __________ and
____________.

7. Introduction
 The probability of being a victim of crime is much higher in cities than in smaller
towns or villages. This trend is mainly due to _________ and __________.
However, there are a number of measures that can be implemented to resolve the
issue of _________.

8. Causes paragraph
 One of the reasons for the low crime rate in rural areas is their stronger
sense of community. In small towns, the likelihood of people knowing their
neighbours is very high and, as a result of these stronger community links,
people are both likely to commit a crime and more likely to be arrested if
they do. Another cause is the potential financial return of a crime, which
is much higher in major cities than small towns. Compare, for example,
the amount of money a thief would make from robbing a major urban
supermarket as opposed to a local convenience store. However, it is
probably the vast gap between the rich and poor in cities that triggers most
urban crime. When people who are in poverty live in close proximity to the
wealthiest members of a society, it is no wonder that crime occurs.

9. Solutions paragraph
 There are a number of ways to lower the urban crime rate. Firstly, the
government should invest in community policing. If people see the same
public officers everyday, not only will it foster a sense of togetherness in
the public, but will also make criminals fear being recognized for a crime.
The best way to tackle inner-city crime, however, would be to narrow the
gap in the standard of living between all city dwellers through tax reform,
which would reduce people`s motivation for committing a crime. Although I
concede that this would be a difficult task, it is interesting that crime is less
of a problem in Scandinavian cities than American ones, which must
surely be the outcome of their much fairer social welfare.

10. Conclusion sample
Cause/ Solution
The lack of community in urban
areas and the wide gap between
rich and poor both lead urban
areas to suffer more from crime
than rural ones. In conclusion,
Only when governments are able
to ensure that everybody living in
a city has the same wealth and
opportunities, will the situation be
remedied.
In conclusion, Only when
governments are able to ensure
that everybody living in a city has
the same wealth and
opportunities, will the situation be
remedied.

11. Conclusion
 In conclusion, the lack of community in urban areas and the
wide gap between rich and poor both lead urban areas to
suffer more from crime than rural ones. Only when
governments are able to ensure that everybody living in a city
has the same wealth and opportunities, will the situation be
remedied.

12. Only Solutions Essay
State the Solution
Explain solution
Predict the result of solution
Evaluate popularity or ease/difficulty of solution

13. Only Solutions Essay
 Body
 State the solution
 Explain the solution
 Predict the result of solution
 Evaluate popularity or ease/difficulty of solution

14. Sample
 Many animals today are being hunted to the point of
extinction. What can be done to tackle this problem?
 One solution to the problem of animal extinction because of
illegal hunting could be to extend wildlife conservation zones.
As not much fauna is covered yet in this kind of areas, it is
giving a way for uncontrolled hunting. If this was
implemented, it could create safer habitats for animal world
protecting them from poachers. Although it is one of the
effective ways to avoid the problem, it is too costly to realize.

15. Conclusion sample
In conclusion, the higher rate of illegal hunting which
is consequently leading to animal extinction can be
reduced by extension of nature reserves and harsher
punishments.

16. Useful language
 Bring about
 Lead to
 Derive/Stem from
 Give rise to
 Result in
 To be brought by
 Contribute to
 Play a part in
 Trigger
 Affect
 Means
 the result/effect/outcome of
 Cause

17. Practice
 The introduction of the mobile phone __________ the number of public phone
boxes to plummet.
 The widening gap between rich and poor _________ from the current tax system.
 The collapse of the American housing market _________ the global economic
crisis in 2007.
 The weather often _________ my mood.
 Music streaming services have __________ in people buying fewer CDs.
 The exorbitant cost of housing _________most young people cannot afford to get
on the property ladder.
 The internet has _________ a rise to a number of legal issues concerning
copyright.
 Having a bad work-life balance ________ to stress.
 Exam nerves often have a significant _________ on student performance.
 High levels of crime are __________ about by poverty.
 One _________ of the Internet has been better access to education.

18. The use of modal verbs
Have to Realistic
Must
Need to
Should Realistic
Ought to
Could Unrealistic
May

19. Schools have to
must
Need to
educate their children
about their diet
Parents should
ought to
monitor what their children
eat
Governments could
may be able to
ban minors buying fast
food

20. Conditionals and result relative clauses
 1. the government needs to increase the size of the police force in urban areas. If
officers ______________________________________________________(more
visible/ people feel safer carrying out daily activities)
 Companies could allow their employees to work remotely once a week to improve
their work –life balance. If staff members
__________________________________________________________________
__ (not travel one day a week /more quality time with family members)
 Local communities should take responsibility for keeping city streets clean. If
___________________, ________________________(pick up rubbish/better
living environment)
 Workers who are suffering from stress may be able to reduce the number of hours
they work each week, which ________________________________(more time
for hobbies /family )