5 examples of implementation of the statistical design of experiments on visual appearance of materials, where the multi-scale approach, both top-down and bottom-up, are very important to be pro-active.
Evaluating the Perceptual Impact of Rendering Techniques on Thematic Color Ma...Matthias Trapp
Rendering techniques can improve spatial perception and orientation in 3D virtual environments but may reduce accuracy of point-wise value estimation of thematic data. An experiment evaluated different rendering techniques on tasks of mental mapping, distance estimation, and value estimation using color mappings in a 3D city model. Results showed that edge enhancement and abstracted façade textures improved mental mapping the most, while rendering techniques reduced accuracy for point estimates but increased it for area estimates. The impact of rendering techniques depends on the visualization task.
Color EyeQ Inc.,provides a one-of-a-kind, portable, accurate, affordable custom color formulation system for paints. It can be used for on line look up of book formulas, creating formulas for competitor's paint colros, and custom tinting of arbitrary colors.
1) A report summarizes the results of tests comparing conventional injection molding to Roctool technology for a plastic material.
2) Roctool technology showed significant improvements, including a 60% increase in gloss, elimination of defects like weld lines and sink marks, and a replication rate of 98% for textures compared to 45% for conventional.
3) Pressure and flow length measurements found lower pressure drops and longer flow at a mold temperature of 140°C using Roctool technology versus conventional molding at 50°C.
2014 12-22 - open 3 d printing and fabrication technology (cd)FabLab Pisa
This document discusses open 3D printing and the RepRap project. It provides an overview of 3D printing technologies like fused deposition modeling and describes how RepRap is a self-replicating 3D printer that can print many of its own plastic parts, allowing it to replicate itself. The document also discusses materials used for 3D printing, limitations of rapid prototyping methods, and compares additive vs subtractive fabrication. It raises open questions about intellectual property implications and whether open source 3D printing enables self-directed sustainable development.
This course discusses effective light measurement and data use. It covers determining the capabilities and limitations of different light meters, applying methods to increase measurement accuracy, and using light measurement data as a valuable tool. The course objectives are to understand what can be expected from light meters, apply accuracy methods, determine data use as a tool, set up an affordable informal lab, and track luminaire performance over time. The presentation discusses topics like visual perception variability, subjective vs objective measurement, meter types and accuracy, measurement techniques, and record keeping.
This document summarizes Radiant Vision Systems' portfolio of light and color measurement products including imaging colorimeters, photometers, and automated visual inspection software. The company offers solutions for applications such as flat panel display testing, lighting characterization, and high-volume manufacturing production line testing. Key products highlighted include the ProMetric line of imaging colorimeters and photometers and the TrueTest software for automated visual inspection.
5 examples of implementation of the statistical design of experiments on visual appearance of materials, where the multi-scale approach, both top-down and bottom-up, are very important to be pro-active.
Evaluating the Perceptual Impact of Rendering Techniques on Thematic Color Ma...Matthias Trapp
Rendering techniques can improve spatial perception and orientation in 3D virtual environments but may reduce accuracy of point-wise value estimation of thematic data. An experiment evaluated different rendering techniques on tasks of mental mapping, distance estimation, and value estimation using color mappings in a 3D city model. Results showed that edge enhancement and abstracted façade textures improved mental mapping the most, while rendering techniques reduced accuracy for point estimates but increased it for area estimates. The impact of rendering techniques depends on the visualization task.
Color EyeQ Inc.,provides a one-of-a-kind, portable, accurate, affordable custom color formulation system for paints. It can be used for on line look up of book formulas, creating formulas for competitor's paint colros, and custom tinting of arbitrary colors.
1) A report summarizes the results of tests comparing conventional injection molding to Roctool technology for a plastic material.
2) Roctool technology showed significant improvements, including a 60% increase in gloss, elimination of defects like weld lines and sink marks, and a replication rate of 98% for textures compared to 45% for conventional.
3) Pressure and flow length measurements found lower pressure drops and longer flow at a mold temperature of 140°C using Roctool technology versus conventional molding at 50°C.
2014 12-22 - open 3 d printing and fabrication technology (cd)FabLab Pisa
This document discusses open 3D printing and the RepRap project. It provides an overview of 3D printing technologies like fused deposition modeling and describes how RepRap is a self-replicating 3D printer that can print many of its own plastic parts, allowing it to replicate itself. The document also discusses materials used for 3D printing, limitations of rapid prototyping methods, and compares additive vs subtractive fabrication. It raises open questions about intellectual property implications and whether open source 3D printing enables self-directed sustainable development.
This course discusses effective light measurement and data use. It covers determining the capabilities and limitations of different light meters, applying methods to increase measurement accuracy, and using light measurement data as a valuable tool. The course objectives are to understand what can be expected from light meters, apply accuracy methods, determine data use as a tool, set up an affordable informal lab, and track luminaire performance over time. The presentation discusses topics like visual perception variability, subjective vs objective measurement, meter types and accuracy, measurement techniques, and record keeping.
This document summarizes Radiant Vision Systems' portfolio of light and color measurement products including imaging colorimeters, photometers, and automated visual inspection software. The company offers solutions for applications such as flat panel display testing, lighting characterization, and high-volume manufacturing production line testing. Key products highlighted include the ProMetric line of imaging colorimeters and photometers and the TrueTest software for automated visual inspection.
Topology Optimization
Topology optimization is concerned with material distribution and how the members within a structure are connected. It treats the “equivalent density” of each element as a design variable.
The solver calculates an equivalent density for each element, where 1 is equivalent to 100% material, while 0 is equivalent to no material in the element. The solver then seeks to assign elements that have a low stress value a lower equivalent density before analyzing the effect on the remaining structure. In this way extraneous elements tend towards a density of 0, with the optimum design tending towards 1. As a designer, you will need to exercise your judgment. For example, you may decide that you will omit material from all (finite) elements whose density is less than 0.3 (or 30%). Using an iso-plot of element densities helps to visualize the “remaining” structure as elements with a density below this threshold can be masked leaving behind the optimum design. Then you will need to take this geometry back to your CAD modeler, smooth it out (that is, use geometrically regular edges or surfaces, etc.) and re-evaluate the design for stresses, displacements, frequencies etc..
Panel Discussion. Alfred Borden
Principal, The Lighting Practice; Naomi Miller
Senior Lighting Engineer, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Willem Sillevis Smitt,- Xicato; Kevin Willmorth, Lumenique LLC
From about the middle of last year, the consensus seemed to be that inkjet had finally attained the same quality as offset lithography or flexography. How has that consensus been reached when the areas that inkjet still finds difficult are things like large regions of mid-tone tints? You simply don’t see press vendors, or buyers, making such comparisons. Inkjet problem areas are mostly caused by non-uniformity at both the microscopic and macroscopic levels. Martin Bailey explores how these spatial variations can be remedied and discusses an emerging ISO Technical Specification (ISO TS 18621-21) that is designed to objectively characterise some of these types of variation.
Semi-automatic ground truth generation using unsupervised clustering and limi...SOYEON KIM
Semi-automatic ground truth generation using unsupervised clustering and limited manual labeling: Application to handwritten character recognition
Szilárd Vajda, Yves Rangoni, Hubert Cecotti
Pattern Recognition Letters, 2015
This document provides a quality surface characterization report for an ABS plastic sample. Key results include:
1) Significant improvements in gloss value and surface finish were observed using Roctool technology compared to conventional injection molding.
2) Roctool technology allowed for a darker color with perfect surface finish, while conventional processing impacted color perception.
3) Texture replication and roughness measurements showed Roctool improved replication rates by up to 98% and roughness by over 100%, highlighting its positive effect.
1) Testing was conducted using Roctool technology and a conventional process on plastic samples to analyze surface quality.
2) Roctool technology significantly improved gloss, removing defects like weld lines and sink marks compared to the conventional process. There was an 800% increase in gloss.
3) Texture replication was also greatly improved using Roctool technology, shown by measurements of texture depth and roughness. Replication rates were as high as 85% with Roctool versus not being measurable with the conventional process.
The document describes MAMBO, a sensor system designed to help hair professionals identify hair colors through quantitative color measurements, by comparing measured hair color values to samples in a color database and identifying the closest match. The system includes a color sensor, software to analyze color data and match to database samples, and is presented as a tool to help with tasks like hair color formulation, monitoring color consistency over time, and creating color references.
The document discusses data-driven approaches to optimizing software testing processes at Microsoft. It describes how historical test and code data can be analyzed to determine which tests are most valuable and cost-effective to run, in order to reduce total test execution time without negatively impacting code quality. Simulation results on Windows 8.1 data show the potential for significant test reduction (up to 60%) while maintaining bug finding ability. This could improve development processes by lowering machine costs and increasing developer satisfaction.
Freedom in Lighting Design by Tuning the CCT with LEDs, LpS 2015, BregenzWojtek Cieplik
This document summarizes a presentation on modern methods for tuning CCT and LED wavelengths for lighting applications. It discusses how LED technology is enabling a paradigm shift towards human-centric lighting that can promote well-being by mimicking natural light. Modern multi-color LED systems provide more degrees of freedom to precisely tune color qualities like CCT, CRI and spectral power distribution. Key challenges remain in developing integrated solutions that provide high color quality, dynamic control, low cost and simplicity for the user. Continued advances in LED technology are helping to realize the vision of human-centric lighting.
3D Acquisition and Modeling in Cultural HeritageGabriele Guidi
Gabriele Guidi is responsible for the “Computer Vision and Reverse Engineering Laboratory” at Politecnico di Milano (Italy). Since the late 1990s, it has focused on 3D acquisition and modeling techniques of cultural heritage artifacts on very small to very large scales. An interesting quality of a polytechnic institution like the one in Milan is to have in its DNA both a technical mind, coming from the Engineering departments, and a humanistic soul, linked to its departments of Architecture and Design. This dual point of view is critical when applying advanced technologies such as 3D data capture, opto-electronics, image processing, metrology and computer graphics to 3D documentation of a cultural artifact in a way that is useful for archaeologists, architects and officers of institutions responsible for the conservation of cultural heritage.
This presentation introduces the research group at Politecnico di Milano and presents an overview of the technological evolution of 3D capturing techniques since 2000. Several major examples of the researches done are shown, as well as how such discoveries have been applied to concrete problems of cultural heritage documentation and visualization. In the conclusion some of the major challenges we intend to confront in the near future are mentioned.
Digital Detectors for Industrial Applications-Nityanand GopalikaNityanand Gopalika
Digital radiography using amorphous silicon (a-Si) flat panel detectors provides benefits over film radiography such as faster inspection times, reduced costs, and improved image quality. Key metrics for evaluating image quality are the detective quantum efficiency (DQE), which measures the signal-to-noise ratio performance of the detector, and the modulation transfer function (MTF), which measures spatial resolution. While a high MTF is desirable, a detector's DQE is more important, as it quantifies the ability to produce high quality images using lower radiation doses. Performance studies show that a-Si flat panel detectors can achieve quantum limited noise performance, wide dynamic ranges, high spatial resolution, and 2-1 sensitivity over a range of
This document discusses the design of experiments methodology. It begins by outlining the general research process and different approaches to experimentation such as trial and error, one factor at a time, and design of experiments. It then provides more details on design of experiments, including why it is used, important terminology, examples, different types of designs, and software for designing experiments. The document guides the reader through the process of designing an experiment using Response Surface Methodology and the Design-Expert software package.
Color gauge meter manufacturers, color gauge meter suppliers, gauge meter exporters India and manufacturers of scientific and laboratory instruments from India. For More Information Please Logon http://goo.gl/7x7Gsa
This document discusses project estimation and the Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) for estimating software development costs and schedules. It explains that inaccurate estimates often lead to cost overruns and project failures. Several estimation methods are described like expert judgment, analogy models, and algorithmic models. The COCOMO model uses variables like project size, mode (organic, semidetached, embedded), and effort adjustment factors to estimate effort (in person-months), development time, and staffing needs. The basic, intermediate, and detailed COCOMO models are explained along with the equations used for effort and schedule estimates. Factors that impact productivity like application experience, process quality, and technology are also summarized.
Quality of Multimedia Experience: Past, Present and FutureTouradj Ebrahimi
This document discusses the history and future of assessing multimedia quality and the concept of quality of experience (QoE). It defines quality and how it has been defined over time. It discusses factors that impact QoE like context. It outlines trends in QoE like increasing interest in user-centric and end-to-end quality optimization. It also discusses challenges in QoE like developing methods to assess quality for new media types and contexts.
45MG Ultrasonic Thickness Gage details: http://bit.ly/1eiHCfl
The 45MG is an advanced ultrasonic thickness gage packed with standard measurement features and software options. This unique instrument is compatible with the complete range of Olympus dual element and single element thickness gage transducers, making this innovative instrument an all-in-one solution for virtually every thickness gage application.
Contact us: http://bit.ly/1rDmq94
Sign up for our newsletter: http://bit.ly/1j5FOTy
This document summarizes test results comparing conventional injection molding to Roctool heat-assisted injection molding technology. Key findings include:
- Roctool technology improves surface quality by removing weld lines and sink marks. Gloss is improved up to 120% and roughness replication is improved up to 57%.
- Mold temperature affects color, with Roctool process producing a darker color.
- Optimum mold temperature for Hycolene material tested is 140°C, producing longest flow length and largest reduction in pressure drop compared to conventional molding.
The document summarizes test results comparing conventional injection molding to Roctool heat-cool technology. Key findings include:
1) Roctool technology improved surface quality by removing weld lines and sink marks compared to conventional processes.
2) Gloss was improved up to 120% with Roctool, though mold temperature impacted color perception.
3) Texture replication rates were up to 89% with Roctool versus 32% for conventional, a 57% improvement.
The document summarizes the results of a printing standardization trial using Staccato-10 micron dot screening. Key findings include:
1) Analysis using Kodak's ColorFlow analyzer showed dot gains were fairly consistent for all colors, within target ranges. Some overprints like MY showed larger differences than targets set by a 175lpi print.
2) Measurements of solid ink densities, dot gains, trap densities and color differences of patches were mostly within acceptable ranges for the high-definition printing method, though a few colors like apparent trap densities were slightly lower than expected.
3) Overall, the vast majority (91.9%) of color differences between printed patches and targets were below a
Overview of costs and benefits of virtual reality, potential savings, aspects and models for cost-effectiveness assessment, created by the Virtual Dimension Center (VDC) in Fellbach.
The document discusses visual neuro-ergonomics and its applications. It defines visual neuro-ergonomics as understanding human visual processes and interactions between humans and systems. The document outlines topics in visual ergonomics and neuro-ergonomics, including visual environments, tasks, functions, and imaging techniques like EEG. It provides examples of applying visual neuro-ergonomics to areas like driving, displays, and simulations. The conclusion discusses using neuroimaging like EEG to provide neurofeedback and explore brain-machine interfaces to improve cognitive performance and well-being.
The document discusses challenges and approaches to improving the visual rendering of color and texture. It outlines key elements for the optimal success of visual rendering projects such as simulated versus real scenario comparisons. Current challenges include rendering gonio-apparent materials that change in color and appearance with viewing angle. The document also discusses multi-scale modeling approaches, BRDF modeling using empirical data and PCA, and ideal display technologies for visual rendering like increased spatial resolution and wider color gamuts.
More Related Content
Similar to Pro active management of visual appearance of products
Topology Optimization
Topology optimization is concerned with material distribution and how the members within a structure are connected. It treats the “equivalent density” of each element as a design variable.
The solver calculates an equivalent density for each element, where 1 is equivalent to 100% material, while 0 is equivalent to no material in the element. The solver then seeks to assign elements that have a low stress value a lower equivalent density before analyzing the effect on the remaining structure. In this way extraneous elements tend towards a density of 0, with the optimum design tending towards 1. As a designer, you will need to exercise your judgment. For example, you may decide that you will omit material from all (finite) elements whose density is less than 0.3 (or 30%). Using an iso-plot of element densities helps to visualize the “remaining” structure as elements with a density below this threshold can be masked leaving behind the optimum design. Then you will need to take this geometry back to your CAD modeler, smooth it out (that is, use geometrically regular edges or surfaces, etc.) and re-evaluate the design for stresses, displacements, frequencies etc..
Panel Discussion. Alfred Borden
Principal, The Lighting Practice; Naomi Miller
Senior Lighting Engineer, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Willem Sillevis Smitt,- Xicato; Kevin Willmorth, Lumenique LLC
From about the middle of last year, the consensus seemed to be that inkjet had finally attained the same quality as offset lithography or flexography. How has that consensus been reached when the areas that inkjet still finds difficult are things like large regions of mid-tone tints? You simply don’t see press vendors, or buyers, making such comparisons. Inkjet problem areas are mostly caused by non-uniformity at both the microscopic and macroscopic levels. Martin Bailey explores how these spatial variations can be remedied and discusses an emerging ISO Technical Specification (ISO TS 18621-21) that is designed to objectively characterise some of these types of variation.
Semi-automatic ground truth generation using unsupervised clustering and limi...SOYEON KIM
Semi-automatic ground truth generation using unsupervised clustering and limited manual labeling: Application to handwritten character recognition
Szilárd Vajda, Yves Rangoni, Hubert Cecotti
Pattern Recognition Letters, 2015
This document provides a quality surface characterization report for an ABS plastic sample. Key results include:
1) Significant improvements in gloss value and surface finish were observed using Roctool technology compared to conventional injection molding.
2) Roctool technology allowed for a darker color with perfect surface finish, while conventional processing impacted color perception.
3) Texture replication and roughness measurements showed Roctool improved replication rates by up to 98% and roughness by over 100%, highlighting its positive effect.
1) Testing was conducted using Roctool technology and a conventional process on plastic samples to analyze surface quality.
2) Roctool technology significantly improved gloss, removing defects like weld lines and sink marks compared to the conventional process. There was an 800% increase in gloss.
3) Texture replication was also greatly improved using Roctool technology, shown by measurements of texture depth and roughness. Replication rates were as high as 85% with Roctool versus not being measurable with the conventional process.
The document describes MAMBO, a sensor system designed to help hair professionals identify hair colors through quantitative color measurements, by comparing measured hair color values to samples in a color database and identifying the closest match. The system includes a color sensor, software to analyze color data and match to database samples, and is presented as a tool to help with tasks like hair color formulation, monitoring color consistency over time, and creating color references.
The document discusses data-driven approaches to optimizing software testing processes at Microsoft. It describes how historical test and code data can be analyzed to determine which tests are most valuable and cost-effective to run, in order to reduce total test execution time without negatively impacting code quality. Simulation results on Windows 8.1 data show the potential for significant test reduction (up to 60%) while maintaining bug finding ability. This could improve development processes by lowering machine costs and increasing developer satisfaction.
Freedom in Lighting Design by Tuning the CCT with LEDs, LpS 2015, BregenzWojtek Cieplik
This document summarizes a presentation on modern methods for tuning CCT and LED wavelengths for lighting applications. It discusses how LED technology is enabling a paradigm shift towards human-centric lighting that can promote well-being by mimicking natural light. Modern multi-color LED systems provide more degrees of freedom to precisely tune color qualities like CCT, CRI and spectral power distribution. Key challenges remain in developing integrated solutions that provide high color quality, dynamic control, low cost and simplicity for the user. Continued advances in LED technology are helping to realize the vision of human-centric lighting.
3D Acquisition and Modeling in Cultural HeritageGabriele Guidi
Gabriele Guidi is responsible for the “Computer Vision and Reverse Engineering Laboratory” at Politecnico di Milano (Italy). Since the late 1990s, it has focused on 3D acquisition and modeling techniques of cultural heritage artifacts on very small to very large scales. An interesting quality of a polytechnic institution like the one in Milan is to have in its DNA both a technical mind, coming from the Engineering departments, and a humanistic soul, linked to its departments of Architecture and Design. This dual point of view is critical when applying advanced technologies such as 3D data capture, opto-electronics, image processing, metrology and computer graphics to 3D documentation of a cultural artifact in a way that is useful for archaeologists, architects and officers of institutions responsible for the conservation of cultural heritage.
This presentation introduces the research group at Politecnico di Milano and presents an overview of the technological evolution of 3D capturing techniques since 2000. Several major examples of the researches done are shown, as well as how such discoveries have been applied to concrete problems of cultural heritage documentation and visualization. In the conclusion some of the major challenges we intend to confront in the near future are mentioned.
Digital Detectors for Industrial Applications-Nityanand GopalikaNityanand Gopalika
Digital radiography using amorphous silicon (a-Si) flat panel detectors provides benefits over film radiography such as faster inspection times, reduced costs, and improved image quality. Key metrics for evaluating image quality are the detective quantum efficiency (DQE), which measures the signal-to-noise ratio performance of the detector, and the modulation transfer function (MTF), which measures spatial resolution. While a high MTF is desirable, a detector's DQE is more important, as it quantifies the ability to produce high quality images using lower radiation doses. Performance studies show that a-Si flat panel detectors can achieve quantum limited noise performance, wide dynamic ranges, high spatial resolution, and 2-1 sensitivity over a range of
This document discusses the design of experiments methodology. It begins by outlining the general research process and different approaches to experimentation such as trial and error, one factor at a time, and design of experiments. It then provides more details on design of experiments, including why it is used, important terminology, examples, different types of designs, and software for designing experiments. The document guides the reader through the process of designing an experiment using Response Surface Methodology and the Design-Expert software package.
Color gauge meter manufacturers, color gauge meter suppliers, gauge meter exporters India and manufacturers of scientific and laboratory instruments from India. For More Information Please Logon http://goo.gl/7x7Gsa
This document discusses project estimation and the Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) for estimating software development costs and schedules. It explains that inaccurate estimates often lead to cost overruns and project failures. Several estimation methods are described like expert judgment, analogy models, and algorithmic models. The COCOMO model uses variables like project size, mode (organic, semidetached, embedded), and effort adjustment factors to estimate effort (in person-months), development time, and staffing needs. The basic, intermediate, and detailed COCOMO models are explained along with the equations used for effort and schedule estimates. Factors that impact productivity like application experience, process quality, and technology are also summarized.
Quality of Multimedia Experience: Past, Present and FutureTouradj Ebrahimi
This document discusses the history and future of assessing multimedia quality and the concept of quality of experience (QoE). It defines quality and how it has been defined over time. It discusses factors that impact QoE like context. It outlines trends in QoE like increasing interest in user-centric and end-to-end quality optimization. It also discusses challenges in QoE like developing methods to assess quality for new media types and contexts.
45MG Ultrasonic Thickness Gage details: http://bit.ly/1eiHCfl
The 45MG is an advanced ultrasonic thickness gage packed with standard measurement features and software options. This unique instrument is compatible with the complete range of Olympus dual element and single element thickness gage transducers, making this innovative instrument an all-in-one solution for virtually every thickness gage application.
Contact us: http://bit.ly/1rDmq94
Sign up for our newsletter: http://bit.ly/1j5FOTy
This document summarizes test results comparing conventional injection molding to Roctool heat-assisted injection molding technology. Key findings include:
- Roctool technology improves surface quality by removing weld lines and sink marks. Gloss is improved up to 120% and roughness replication is improved up to 57%.
- Mold temperature affects color, with Roctool process producing a darker color.
- Optimum mold temperature for Hycolene material tested is 140°C, producing longest flow length and largest reduction in pressure drop compared to conventional molding.
The document summarizes test results comparing conventional injection molding to Roctool heat-cool technology. Key findings include:
1) Roctool technology improved surface quality by removing weld lines and sink marks compared to conventional processes.
2) Gloss was improved up to 120% with Roctool, though mold temperature impacted color perception.
3) Texture replication rates were up to 89% with Roctool versus 32% for conventional, a 57% improvement.
The document summarizes the results of a printing standardization trial using Staccato-10 micron dot screening. Key findings include:
1) Analysis using Kodak's ColorFlow analyzer showed dot gains were fairly consistent for all colors, within target ranges. Some overprints like MY showed larger differences than targets set by a 175lpi print.
2) Measurements of solid ink densities, dot gains, trap densities and color differences of patches were mostly within acceptable ranges for the high-definition printing method, though a few colors like apparent trap densities were slightly lower than expected.
3) Overall, the vast majority (91.9%) of color differences between printed patches and targets were below a
Overview of costs and benefits of virtual reality, potential savings, aspects and models for cost-effectiveness assessment, created by the Virtual Dimension Center (VDC) in Fellbach.
Similar to Pro active management of visual appearance of products (20)
The document discusses visual neuro-ergonomics and its applications. It defines visual neuro-ergonomics as understanding human visual processes and interactions between humans and systems. The document outlines topics in visual ergonomics and neuro-ergonomics, including visual environments, tasks, functions, and imaging techniques like EEG. It provides examples of applying visual neuro-ergonomics to areas like driving, displays, and simulations. The conclusion discusses using neuroimaging like EEG to provide neurofeedback and explore brain-machine interfaces to improve cognitive performance and well-being.
The document discusses challenges and approaches to improving the visual rendering of color and texture. It outlines key elements for the optimal success of visual rendering projects such as simulated versus real scenario comparisons. Current challenges include rendering gonio-apparent materials that change in color and appearance with viewing angle. The document also discusses multi-scale modeling approaches, BRDF modeling using empirical data and PCA, and ideal display technologies for visual rendering like increased spatial resolution and wider color gamuts.
El documento discute el potencial impacto de la neuroergonomía en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Propone que la neurociencia cognitiva y técnicas como la neuro-retroalimentación podrían usarse para mejorar el rendimiento académico monitoreando el pensamiento y comportamiento de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, enfatiza que esto se gestionaría para mejorar el aprendizaje en lugar de reemplazar la universidad. También examina cómo la neuroergonomía podría aplicarse a otras áreas como los deportes, el talento
The document discusses visual neuroergonomics, which examines the interaction between human vision and technology in daily activities. It covers topics like how vision changes with age, applications of neuroergonomics in areas like driving and displays, and the potential for mobile brain-machine interfaces. The document also considers whether interdisciplinary expertise in visual sciences could be useful, and debates the challenges of developing robust, comprehensive, and user-friendly mobile brain sensor technologies and systems for monitoring brain and body responses.
Este documento discute los retos ergonómico-visuales actuales y futuros de la interfaz hombre-máquina en la conducción. Analiza las funciones visuales implicadas en la conducción y los riesgos de distracción visual. También examina temas como la visualización analógica versus digital, el factor edad y la atención dividida. Finalmente, propone el entrenamiento neuro-ergonómico de la atención dividida como una estrategia clave para equilibrar los avances tecnológicos con las limitaciones humanas en un futuro
This document provides information about registration for the Master's Degree in Color Technology for the Automotive Sector program offered by the University of Alicante in Spain. It outlines the pre-registration process which involves completing a form and payment of a deposit fee by July 2017. Course fees are paid in three installments from September 2017 to January 2018. The program aims to provide comprehensive training in color science and technology with a focus on the automotive industry. It includes classroom learning, mandatory laboratory sessions, internships totaling up to 300 hours, and a master's thesis. The degree can also be obtained in parts, with options to earn sub-degrees in Color Expert and Color Specialist.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Pro active management of visual appearance of products
1. Pro-active Management of Visual
Appearance of Products: from the
Automotive Sector to other Industries
Fco M. Martínez-Verdú
Color & Vision Group: http://web.ua.es/en/gvc
University of Alicante (Spain)
verdu@ua.es
2. Visual appearance of products
Color & Texture managed currently in the automotive sector
Challenges for its optimal and efficient management
Multi-scale approach (bottom-up vs. top-down)
Foundations for pro – active Quality Management:
Visual and instrumental correlation
Multivariate statistics: visual psychophysics, DoE, etc.
Conclusions
OUTLINE
3. Great variety of visual attributes in daily products
VISUAL APPEARANCE OF PRODUCTS
4. VISUAL APPEARANCE OF PRODUCTS
Dyes & Pigments
New visual appearance
attributes
Multi-functional properties
Coloration processes
Market forces: performance – cost balance,
customer preferences, etc.
Continuous loop
5. Color & Texture
Reflection & Transmission
Goniochromatism: BRDF
Sparkle & Graininess
VISUAL APPEARANCE IN AUTOMOTIVE
® Wikipedia
6. MSc degree in Color Technology for the Automotive Sector
VISUAL APPEARANCE IN AUTOMOTIVE
7. • Bottom – up:
• Many variables
• Impracticable
• Top – down:
• Feasible
• How?
CHALLENGES: MULTI – SCALE APPROACH
Color, Texture
Radiative
transfer theory
Particles
interaction
Light – Matter
interaction
particle models
Light sources tech.,
Pigments, dyes
Gloss, sparkle, etc.
Color differences
Visual appearance
Emission SPD(l)
Reflection r(l)
Transmission t(l)
Coefficients:
Absorption K
Scattering S
Substrate
Coloration
application
processes:
no. layers, etc.
Phys. + Chem.
Particles & Substrate:
Size, Shape, Thickness
Refraction index,
Extinction index,
Roughness, etc.
THEORETICALAPPROACH
EXPERIMENTALAPPROACH
8. • But, in this case (empirical approach = top – down), the
typical challenge is how we can understand and manage
by a pro-active way the relevance and interplay of
nano/micro (structural) parameters, and other ones
(coloration application processes, optical, etc.), on final
visual appearance attributes (color, texture, etc.).
• HOW?
• Metrology, Visual Psychophysics, and Statistics
• inter and multi-disciplinary (hybrid) approach
CHALLENGES: MULTI – SCALE APPROACH
9. • IDEAL CONTEXT:
• BiRD motto:
• What You See Is What
You Measure Rightly = WYSIWYMR
• ICC profile format (Graphics Arts)
• Objective: WYSIWYG
VISUAL & INSTRUMENTAL CORRELATION
Instrumental scaling
Visualassessment
?
10. VISUAL & INSTRUMENTAL CORRELATION
Visual appearance of materials
DT = f(DE, DG, DS, ...) is the “GOAL”
11. • Human visual perception tasks:
• Detection
• Influence of viewing distance and geometry
• Spatio-chromatic dithering
• Scaling (ordering: from less to more)
• Color (from spectral data to 3 dim.),
• Sparkle (2 dim.), Graininess (1 dim.), etc.
• Color & Texture palettes
• Discrimination (differences):
• Perceptibility vs. Acceptability
• FAIL vs. PASS controls by tolerance ellipses
VISUAL & INSTRUMENTAL CORRELATION
12. Special equipment:
Tele-spectro-radiometer
Radiometric, photometric and colorimetric measurements
without contact, and adjusted to the target size
Spectrofluorimeter
Multi-angle spectrophotometers
Lighting cabinets for visual assessments
VISUAL & INSTRUMENTAL CORRELATION
13. UA – Research Technical Services:
XPS, WDX, FRX, SEM, FT-IR, ATR, Raman, etc.
Pending advanced instrumentation
multi – angle spectroscopic ellipsometry
spectral constants of absorption (K) and scattering (S) to different measurement
geometries (irradiation / observation)
multi-angle micro-spectrophotometer
X-CT (tomography)
(3D) transversal scanning of nanomaterials, etc.
interferometric microscopy using white light
3D surface contactless profilometer
VISUAL & INSTRUMENTAL CORRELATION
14. • Current challenges in color industries:
• Gonio – appearance: color & texture
• Spectral BRDF own color palette
• Formulation of new colors outside Rösch – McAdam solid
• Tolerances Total Visual Appearance (color, gloss, sparkle, etc.)
• Measurement without contact (by tele – spectroradiometer, etc.)
• Reversible or irreversible electro / thermo- chromism, etc.
• Real colored products vs. its efficient digital simulation
• Color gamut of displays technologies
• Pro – active prediction models for visual quality of products
VISUAL & INSTRUMENTAL CORRELATION
15. Products: why?
Earn money being competitive (Porter)
by differentiation:
and better than … , impossible to be copied, etc.
faith perceptually digital simulation to the original
specific colors & textures
functional (added value from color: resistance, etc.)
gonio – apparent
fluorescent, thermochromic, etc.
viewing distance effect: spatio – chromatic dithering
near vs. far
lighting conditions changes effect:
type of light source (wLED, etc.)
type of measurement geometry: diffuse vs. directional (gonio - )
MULTIVARIATE STATISTICS
16. Processes: why? how? when?
Design and production easy to be managed
Feasibility & stability of original product model (std. or master)
Ease for creativity & innovation
Repeatability & accuracy of batches
Measure to save time & money:
Comparison with error range TOLERANCE
Multi – scale process: nano/micro visual
From bottom – up approach top – down
Predictive model of pro – active management by:
Statistical design of experiments (DoE)
Regression models
MULTIVARIATE STATISTICS
DEAUDI2000 < 2 = 1.41 OK
DEAUDI2000 [ 2 , 3 = 1.73] cOK
DEAUDI2000 > 1.73 FAIL
17. • Statistical Design of Experiments (DoE)
• Statistical technique used in quality control for planning,
conducting, analyzing, and interpreting sets of experiments
aimed at making sound decisions without incurring a too high
cost or taking too much time
• Qualitative and quantitative variables optimization objective
• Selection of the minimal number of samples
• Non-linear / linear multidimensional regression models
• Increasing sampling for an optimal prediction model
• even combining qualitative and quantitative (measureable) variables
MULTIVARIATE STATISTICS: DoE
18. • Problem formulation
• Aim (reproducible and measurable)
• Relevant factors (qualitative and quantitative)
• Screening design
• Selection of levels for each factor
• Experiments (no. of samples)
• Analysis of the raw data
• Data analysis (Pareto, regression, etc.)
• Optimization & Robustness studies
MULTIVARIATE STATISTICS: DoE BASICS
19. 1 – Sparkle detection distance vs. metallic pigment size & shape
2 – Sparkle detection distance vs. concentration, achromatic
background, illuminance level & pigment type
3 – Sparkle detection distance vs. colored background
4 – Color matching vs. silver finishing process on a coated plastic
5 – Gonio-appearance of 3D printed parts vs. 3D printing technology
and its sub – processes
FIVE DoE EXAMPLES
20. • Relevance and interplay of colored backgrounds by CIE-L*C*abhab
• Fixed structural and environmental data (factors)
• Color mix: variable solid pigment + fixed effect pigment
• L*: 3 levels
• C*ab: 3 levels
• hab: 4 levels
SPARKLE DETECTION DISTANCE
Complete multi-level factorial table of experiments (samples)
Sample no. C L h Sample description [Hue / Lightness / Chroma]
1 0 1 1,00 RED / LIGHT / MEDIUM
2 1 -1 1,00 RED / DARK / STRONG
… … … … …
13 -1 1 -1,00 GREEN / LIGHT / WEAK
14 -1 -1 0,33 BLUE / DARK/ WEAK
… …
23 0 1 0,33 BLUE / LIGHT / MEDIUM
24 0 -1 -0,33 YELLOW / DARK / MEDIUM
… … … … …
34 1 0 1,00 RED / GRAY / STRONG
35 0 0 0,33 BLUE / GRAY / MEDIUM
36 -1 1 1,00 RED / LIGHT / WEAK
21. • Goal: color matching (DEab = 0), L* = 82 , & maximum transparency
• Initial DoE proposal: Taguchi L16 (215-11) Matrix, before analysis
COLOR MATCH vs. SILVER FINISHING
Worksheet MEASURED RESPONSES
Nº experim. Material
PVD
Thickness
PVD
Conc.
Topcoat
Topcoat
Robot
Basecoat
Basecoat
Robot DEab L* Transparency (T)
1 Metal A
Low
Low Low
translucent
white
Low Low Low
2
Metal B
High
High High
3
High
Low
4 Metal A
High Low Low
5 Metal C
Low
High
translucent
white
6
Metal D
Low
High High
7
High
High
8 Metal C
Low Low
Low
9 Metal A
High
Low
High
10
Metal B
High
High Low
11
High
Low
12 Metal A
High Low High
13 Metal C
Low Low
translucent
white
14
Metal D
Low
High Low
15
High
High
16 Metal C Low Low High
22. • Can 3D printed parts for cars (body or interior) equal or better
color & texture without losing phys – chem performance?
• DoE aims: high sparkle, flop, chroma, colorfastness, etc.
• Factors:
• Qualitative:
• Technologies: FFF or FDM, MultiJet Fusion, ColorJet, Powder-bed, living AM, etc.
• Materials: (bio)polymers, pigments, additives, process sequence, etc.
• Quantitative:
• Temperature, irradiation, speed, layer height, infill, head size, etc.
GONIO-APPEARANCE IN 3D PRINTED PARTS
24. • FFF experiment tables:
• Complete multi-level factorial:
• All previous factors with 2 levels, except color set = 24, all possible interactions
• Multi-level factorial + D – optimal design
• Only speed with 2 levels complete set = 54, but optimally reduced to 21
• Multi-level factorial + D – optimal design:
• All factors with 3 levels + new factor (polymer: ABS & PLA) complete set = 162, but
optimally reduced to 21, and simple interactions well detected
• Multi-level V2 factorial + D – optimal design:
• Only speed and polymer with 2 levels from 108 to 21, quadratic interactions
GONIO-APPEARANCE IN 3D PRINTED PARTS
25. Hybrid multi – scale approach for visual appearance of materials
applied successfully in automotive can be extended to other
industries as ceramics, coatings, cosmetics, plastics, printing, etc.
Structural elements (pigments, etc.), advanced instrumental techniques,
visual and instrumental correlation methods, statistics (DoE, etc.), can save
time and money to implement new color & texture quality controls
successfully, etc., and even to make easy new competitive advantages for
companies.
CONCLUSIONS
27. Pro-active Management of Visual
Appearance of Products: from the
Automotive Sector to other Industries
Fco M. Martínez-Verdú
Color & Vision Group: http://web.ua.es/en/gvc
University of Alicante (Spain)
verdu@ua.es