The document discusses several methods for estimating the size of priority populations in specific geographical areas using Australian Bureau of Statistics census data and other sources. It provides examples of estimating populations such as men who have sex with men, sex workers, people with HIV/AIDS, injecting drug users, and people with multiple sexual partners by applying demographic filters to ABS data sources. The document also discusses tools like the Social Health Atlas of Australia's Geographic Information System for extracting relevant population information.
The document outlines key questions that need to be considered to inform decision making about priority populations for sexual health services. It discusses gathering information on geographic boundaries, current service usage data, other service providers, surveillance data, professional experience, state and area health strategies, and local priority culturally and linguistically diverse communities and their risks and access to services. Answering these questions would provide information on targets, capacity, gaps, and collaborations to best meet the needs of priority groups.
This document summarizes discussions from a meeting of the National Rural Health Association regarding proposed changes to the criteria used to designate Health Professional Shortage Areas and Medically Underserved Areas. Key points discussed include expanding the definition of primary care providers to include nurse practitioners and physician assistants, allowing different geographic areas to define rational service areas, and considering factors like health status, access to care, and ability to pay in addition to provider availability. The committee's task is to draft new designation criteria but they have not yet finalized any proposals and will need more time to complete testing and receive further input.
The document provides an overview of the EMPHASIS project which aims to address HIV vulnerability among mobile populations in South Asia. The project will work along mobility routes from Nepal and Bangladesh to India, setting up service networks to increase access to HIV prevention, treatment, and care. In the first year, the project will focus on building knowledge about the target populations to inform the design and delivery of effective HIV services tailored to their needs and experiences of mobility.
MSM in sub-Saharan Africa face low levels of access to HIV services. Only 47% reported easy access to condoms, 19% to lubricants, 48% to HIV testing, 27% to HIV treatment, and 14% to HIV educational materials targeted at MSM. Access is affected by three main factors: relationships with healthcare providers, experiences of homophobia and violence, and engagement with the local MSM community. Improving access will require addressing stigma from providers, discrimination, involvement of MSM community organizations, and creating a more supportive legal and social environment.
The document discusses providing comprehensive care for men who have sex with men (MSM) in Sri Lanka. It outlines key barriers like legal issues, stigma, and lack of targeted outreach. Peer escort models and outreach programs have helped increase access to STI services, but face challenges of sustainability and reaching hidden populations. Strengthening community systems and networks, addressing human rights, and cultural sensitivity training within healthcare settings are important strategies for overcoming barriers to care.
This document provides an evaluation report and guide for online sexual health outreach programs in Ontario. It begins with an introduction to the guide's purpose and background on the Gay Men's Sexual Health Alliance. It then reviews evidence that online outreach can effectively reach at-risk populations like gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men. The guide aims to help organizations provide effective online outreach and discusses building an online outreach program, policies, evaluation and more.
This document discusses gaps in data, funding, and services for men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender persons in addressing HIV/AIDS. It notes that while the 2011 Political Declaration specifically named MSM, it left out transgender persons. Many countries lack data on HIV incidence, access to treatment, and funding for MSM and transgender communities. The presentation focuses on 9 Asian countries and finds that most do not disaggregate data to show sexual transmission of HIV to MSM and transgender persons. It calls for improved surveillance, increased funding for prevention and treatment, and support for community-led interventions.
This was the largest ever survey on healthcare done by a private group. Disease Management Association of India ( www.dmai.org.in) led this study of 60,000 people across 12 states in India on the state of healthcare. This helped the policy makers a lot on putting forth the facts as per the primary study
The document outlines key questions that need to be considered to inform decision making about priority populations for sexual health services. It discusses gathering information on geographic boundaries, current service usage data, other service providers, surveillance data, professional experience, state and area health strategies, and local priority culturally and linguistically diverse communities and their risks and access to services. Answering these questions would provide information on targets, capacity, gaps, and collaborations to best meet the needs of priority groups.
This document summarizes discussions from a meeting of the National Rural Health Association regarding proposed changes to the criteria used to designate Health Professional Shortage Areas and Medically Underserved Areas. Key points discussed include expanding the definition of primary care providers to include nurse practitioners and physician assistants, allowing different geographic areas to define rational service areas, and considering factors like health status, access to care, and ability to pay in addition to provider availability. The committee's task is to draft new designation criteria but they have not yet finalized any proposals and will need more time to complete testing and receive further input.
The document provides an overview of the EMPHASIS project which aims to address HIV vulnerability among mobile populations in South Asia. The project will work along mobility routes from Nepal and Bangladesh to India, setting up service networks to increase access to HIV prevention, treatment, and care. In the first year, the project will focus on building knowledge about the target populations to inform the design and delivery of effective HIV services tailored to their needs and experiences of mobility.
MSM in sub-Saharan Africa face low levels of access to HIV services. Only 47% reported easy access to condoms, 19% to lubricants, 48% to HIV testing, 27% to HIV treatment, and 14% to HIV educational materials targeted at MSM. Access is affected by three main factors: relationships with healthcare providers, experiences of homophobia and violence, and engagement with the local MSM community. Improving access will require addressing stigma from providers, discrimination, involvement of MSM community organizations, and creating a more supportive legal and social environment.
The document discusses providing comprehensive care for men who have sex with men (MSM) in Sri Lanka. It outlines key barriers like legal issues, stigma, and lack of targeted outreach. Peer escort models and outreach programs have helped increase access to STI services, but face challenges of sustainability and reaching hidden populations. Strengthening community systems and networks, addressing human rights, and cultural sensitivity training within healthcare settings are important strategies for overcoming barriers to care.
This document provides an evaluation report and guide for online sexual health outreach programs in Ontario. It begins with an introduction to the guide's purpose and background on the Gay Men's Sexual Health Alliance. It then reviews evidence that online outreach can effectively reach at-risk populations like gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men. The guide aims to help organizations provide effective online outreach and discusses building an online outreach program, policies, evaluation and more.
This document discusses gaps in data, funding, and services for men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender persons in addressing HIV/AIDS. It notes that while the 2011 Political Declaration specifically named MSM, it left out transgender persons. Many countries lack data on HIV incidence, access to treatment, and funding for MSM and transgender communities. The presentation focuses on 9 Asian countries and finds that most do not disaggregate data to show sexual transmission of HIV to MSM and transgender persons. It calls for improved surveillance, increased funding for prevention and treatment, and support for community-led interventions.
This was the largest ever survey on healthcare done by a private group. Disease Management Association of India ( www.dmai.org.in) led this study of 60,000 people across 12 states in India on the state of healthcare. This helped the policy makers a lot on putting forth the facts as per the primary study
This document summarizes the findings of the Health Inc. project, which studied social exclusion in social health protection schemes in Ghana, India, and Senegal. The project found:
1) Awareness of the schemes was generally poor, with large portions of target populations unaware of schemes' existence. Awareness was lowest among socially excluded groups who faced barriers in access to information.
2) Current enrollment rates in all three schemes were low, never exceeding 55% of samples. Enrollment was disproportionately lower among socially excluded groups facing economic, cultural, or political barriers.
3) While the schemes improved healthcare access, not all beneficiaries received intended benefits. The schemes disproportionately benefited socially privileged groups with
The document provides an executive summary of the 2016 Community Health Needs Assessment conducted by Excela Health for Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. It identifies the top three community health issues selected for focus based on data collection and prioritization: 1) obesity, exercise, and nutrition, 2) substance abuse, and 3) women's health. Primary data was collected through stakeholder interviews, focus groups, and a community survey, which identified issues like poverty, substance abuse, transportation barriers, and access to care. The assessment will be used to develop an implementation plan to address the selected health issues.
Needs assessment training for Cycle IV of the "Identifying our Needs: A Survey of Elders" needs assessment - for participating tribes, Title VI, and int
Nevada state health division screen shot of site #GOMOJO, INC.
Nevada Prevention and Care Programs
Core practices that are moving from a pilot state to implementation at scale: Many of the
barriers facing HIV programs are common across countries. PEPFAR’s ECTs (described below in
Sections 2.3.2 and 2.3.3) identified common issues affecting countries at various levels of
epidemic control and then developed a compendium of evidence-based solutions, approaches
and case-studies that highlight successful means of addressing common barriers. Additional
evidence-based approaches and case-studies will be incorporated into this living compendium
over time. As highlighted in this PEPFAR Solutions Platform, these practices can be rapidly
adapted and scaled to move countries forward.
Key considerations for all PEPFAR programs include:
• Bringing Interventions to Scale with Fidelity: Getting to HIV epidemic control is dependent on
several factors; not the least of which is the ability to rapidly scale successful interventions with
fidelity and demonstrated impact. However, the logistics of cost- effective programmatic scale
have proven challenging, with several implementation barriers. Implementation science
defines scalability as the capacity to expand or extend an intervention to account for a growth
factor that aims to fill a gap or address unmet need in a defined population group/geographic
area.
• Data and Information Technology: The enabling environment for data and information
technology is rapidly maturing across countries, creating space, opportunity, and needed
political will to harness the Data Revolution for epidemic control. OUs should consider
innovative ways to use data and information technology to improve efficiency and
sustainability in achieving epidemic control, beyond immediate PEPFAR indicator data
collection needs. As highlighted in the Data Revolution Innovation Toolkit, available on the
PEPFAR SharePoint, OUs are encouraged to explore, adapt, and scale these and other data
driven approaches to move country epidemic control forward.
Puentes & Associates is a consulting firm founded in the 1990s that works to eliminate ethnic health disparities through community-based research and action. They employ a diverse team of researchers and health promotion experts with experience conducting needs assessments, designing health campaigns, and building partnerships between minority communities and public health agencies. Their Research Partnership Building model places community organizations at the center of health interventions and provides training to increase their skills and participation in addressing the health needs of their communities.
LVCT Health partnered with Safaricom, Kenya's largest mobile service provider, to expand their one2one youth hotline program. Through this public-private partnership, calls to the hotline were subsidized and hosted at Safaricom's call center, allowing LVCT Health to reach more rural youth with HIV and SRH information. The number of calls increased dramatically from 150,000 in 2011 to over 1 million in 2013. The partnership demonstrated how collaborating with private companies can help scale up HIV prevention efforts among youth through improved infrastructure, data collection, and reduced costs. The document recommends further evaluating such interventions and embracing opportunities public-private partnerships provide to jointly strengthen HIV and RH services.
Which Family Planning Methods can Community Health Workers Provide? Policy Da...JSI
This poster was presented by Kristen Devlin at the International Conference on Family Planning (ICFP) in Kigali, Rwanda in November 2018.
Since 2012, the Advancing Partners & Communities (APC) project has supported community health programs globally, with a focus on family planning. APC develops practical tools and approaches to help global and national level stakeholders identify knowledge and programming gaps to harmonize and scale community health programs. For decades, community health workers (CHWs) have been critical to reaching last-mile communities with family planning (FP) interventions. Information on the types of FP methods CHWs can provide, is often fragmented across country policies and strategies. To fill this gap, APC launched the Community Health Systems Catalog in 2014 as a one-stop 'shop' for key information on FP and community health policies and programs across 25 countries. This catalog identifies guidance on: 1) The number and type of CHW cadres that can provide FP interventions by country, 2) Which FP interventions CHWs can provide, 3) Gaps in FP policy guidance.
This resource on community-based FP policies advances global knowledge and can be used to: Compary community-based FP interventions, inform dialog on FP task-sharing and -shifting, identify policy areas where clearer more comprehensive guidance is needed.
Us Helping Us is a nonprofit organization committed to improving health and well-being of Black gay men and reducing HIV/AIDS impact in the Black community. It began as a self-help group for HIV+ Black gay men and has expanded to serve gay/bisexual men, heterosexual men and women, transgender persons, and youth. Services include mental health, HIV testing, health screenings, case management, support groups, and HIV prevention. Opportunities exist to expand volunteer programs, attract physician volunteers, pursue new funding sources, and strengthen collaborations to further serve clients.
Knowledge is power - Impact of interactive radio programming on women's empow...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Catherine Ragasa (International Food Policy Research Institute), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
This document provides the Mandera County HIV and AIDS Strategic Plan for 2016-2019. It begins with an introduction that provides background on HIV in Kenya and Mandera County. It then outlines the plan's guiding principles and strategic directions. The strategic directions include reducing new HIV infections, improving health outcomes for people living with HIV, facilitating access to services, strengthening integration of health and community systems, increasing research and information management, promoting use of strategic information, increasing domestic HIV financing, and strengthening county coordination. The plan also covers implementation, monitoring and evaluation, and annexes that include a results framework and resource needs. The overall goal is for Mandera County to contribute to national targets of reducing HIV infections, stigma, deaths and increasing domestic
The Citizens First 7 survey measured service reputation, quality and recent experience across levels of government in Canada. Key findings include:
1. Service reputation scores across all levels of government showed improvement or sustained gains compared to previous surveys, reaching an all-time high for some.
2. Specific municipal service quality scores also increased in some areas like composting and traffic management, though traffic management and transit still received lower ratings. Some provincial services like police and courts improved while EMS declined.
3. The new ICCS Client Satisfaction Model was used to assess recent service experience, finding an average score of 67 out of 100 across jurisdictions but with variation. On average only 12% reported active dissatisfaction with
End-of-project report for Strengthening Nigeria’s Response to HIV and AIDS Pr...John Engels
The document summarizes the achievements and lessons learned from the Strengthening Nigeria's Response to HIV and AIDS Program (SNR Program) implemented from 2004-2009. The SNR Program worked in 6 states to build the capacity of State Agencies for the Control of AIDS (SACAs) to coordinate multi-sectoral HIV responses. Key achievements included transforming 5 SACAs into legally recognized state agencies, strengthening their organizational and technical capacities, and increasing access to HIV services. However, continued engagement of stakeholders and expansion of services will be needed to sustain progress.
Strengthening Partnerships for Community Impact (Updated 2018)komenpugetsound
The document summarizes findings from the 2015 Komen Puget Sound Community Profile Report. It identifies the Seattle Greater Metropolitan Area and Grays Harbor County as priority areas due to high rates of late-stage diagnosis and low survival rates among certain racial/ethnic groups. Qualitative research found barriers to care like lack of transportation, low health literacy, and cultural taboos. Strategies proposed include improving outreach, education, navigation services, and partnerships to address the unique needs of each community.
Strengthening Partnerships for Community Impact komenpugetsound
The document summarizes findings from the 2015 Komen Puget Sound Community Profile Report. It identifies the Seattle Greater Metropolitan Area and Grays Harbor County as priority areas due to high rates of late-stage diagnosis and low survival rates among certain racial/ethnic groups. Qualitative research found barriers to care include lack of transportation, low health literacy, and cultural taboos. Strategies proposed include improving outreach, education, navigation services, and addressing specific needs of each community.
Tanzania has made progress in integrating HIV and sexual and reproductive health services. The country developed a National Road Map Strategy in 2008 to accelerate reductions in maternal, newborn, and child deaths by integrating RH and HIV policies, programs, and services. Initial integration focused on family planning services integrated into PMTCT, VCT, and CTC. Research has informed integration efforts and the development of national guidelines. Challenges remain in fully scaling up integrated services due to funding and human resource shortages. Future directions include adopting research findings, scaling up integrated models nationwide, and expanding community-based services. The goal is improved access and quality of HIV and maternal and child health services through greater coordination.
This document discusses plans to create an integrated customer service platform for the NHS to provide patients with more transparency, opportunities for participation, and transactions online. It notes high demand for digital health information and services. The new platform will consolidate NHS Choices and NHS Direct, allowing people to access health records, book appointments, provide feedback, and use apps to self-manage conditions. It aims to improve outcomes by empowering patients through access to data and services.
The changing demographics of the uninsured in MN and the nationsoder145
The document analyzes changes in the demographics of the uninsured in Minnesota and nationally between 2013 and 2014 following coverage expansions under the Affordable Care Act. It finds that uninsured rates declined significantly in both Minnesota and all 50 states. While the characteristics of the uninsured remained largely the same, the uninsured population is now more likely to be Hispanic, non-citizens, and Spanish speakers in both Minnesota and nationally. The uninsured are also less likely to be children in Minnesota and very low income or Asian nationally. Continued outreach efforts are needed to enroll groups with historically high uninsurance rates.
The document describes best practices from the Angaza Zaidi project in Tanzania for scaling up voluntary HIV testing and counseling. It identifies five best practices: 1) Collaborating with government partners and aligning with national priorities, 2) Decentralizing training to establish regional networks, 3) Supporting income generation for people living with HIV through post-test clubs, 4) Conducting mobile outreach with education and testing, and 5) Providing testing to hard-to-reach groups through house visits and small groups. The project partnered with the Tanzanian government and local organizations to expand access to counseling and testing services.
The document discusses communication disability caused by stroke and the need for communication support groups. It finds that about one third of stroke survivors experience communication disability but only 13% have access to support groups. It recommends that local health authorities audit the incidence of disability, research its impact, integrate support groups into stroke care, audit current provision, and adequately fund community support and referrals. The document outlines how support groups help maintain and improve communication skills, allow practice in social settings, and provide respite for carers.
This study assessed barriers to HIV/AIDS services for Latinos in 9 Southern states. Key findings included immigration status as a major barrier, as many Latinos avoided testing and treatment due to fears of deportation. Cultural norms around homophobia and stigma also prevented many from accessing care. The report recommends developing patient navigators and legal advisors to help Latinos overcome these barriers to HIV/AIDS services.
Syringe Exchange Programs (SEPs) in New Jersey have led to a dramatic reduction in needle sticks for firefighters and benefit public health. Nearly half of all AIDS cases in New Jersey occur among injecting drug users. SEPs disproportionately help Latinos and African Americans, who make up a larger proportion of injecting drug users living with HIV/AIDS than their overall state population. Five municipalities in New Jersey have established SEPs since 2006. From 2007-2009, over 5,800 individuals accessed SEPs and nearly 1,000 entered drug treatment. Federal funding of $620,500 for SEPs will save up to $4.3 million based on evidence that every $1 invested saves $3-7 through reduced transmission
More young people in Canada are visiting EDs because of drinking alcoholΔρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
More people are visiting emergency departments after drinking alcohol, a new study finds. Researchers looked at more than 765,000 ED visits in Ontario, Canada’s largest province, and found a 175% increase in such visits between 2003 and 2016 among 25- to 29-year-olds. That spiked to a 240% increase in alcohol-related ED visits for young women, who were also more likely than men to be under Canada’s legal drinking age of 19. For both young men and women, visiting the ED for alcohol-related problems also led to more hospital admissions than other types of ED visits. Other countries, including the U.S., have experienced similar increases in alcohol-related visits to the ED, the authors behind the new study write, urging more research into the reasons behind the growing trend.
This document summarizes the findings of the Health Inc. project, which studied social exclusion in social health protection schemes in Ghana, India, and Senegal. The project found:
1) Awareness of the schemes was generally poor, with large portions of target populations unaware of schemes' existence. Awareness was lowest among socially excluded groups who faced barriers in access to information.
2) Current enrollment rates in all three schemes were low, never exceeding 55% of samples. Enrollment was disproportionately lower among socially excluded groups facing economic, cultural, or political barriers.
3) While the schemes improved healthcare access, not all beneficiaries received intended benefits. The schemes disproportionately benefited socially privileged groups with
The document provides an executive summary of the 2016 Community Health Needs Assessment conducted by Excela Health for Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. It identifies the top three community health issues selected for focus based on data collection and prioritization: 1) obesity, exercise, and nutrition, 2) substance abuse, and 3) women's health. Primary data was collected through stakeholder interviews, focus groups, and a community survey, which identified issues like poverty, substance abuse, transportation barriers, and access to care. The assessment will be used to develop an implementation plan to address the selected health issues.
Needs assessment training for Cycle IV of the "Identifying our Needs: A Survey of Elders" needs assessment - for participating tribes, Title VI, and int
Nevada state health division screen shot of site #GOMOJO, INC.
Nevada Prevention and Care Programs
Core practices that are moving from a pilot state to implementation at scale: Many of the
barriers facing HIV programs are common across countries. PEPFAR’s ECTs (described below in
Sections 2.3.2 and 2.3.3) identified common issues affecting countries at various levels of
epidemic control and then developed a compendium of evidence-based solutions, approaches
and case-studies that highlight successful means of addressing common barriers. Additional
evidence-based approaches and case-studies will be incorporated into this living compendium
over time. As highlighted in this PEPFAR Solutions Platform, these practices can be rapidly
adapted and scaled to move countries forward.
Key considerations for all PEPFAR programs include:
• Bringing Interventions to Scale with Fidelity: Getting to HIV epidemic control is dependent on
several factors; not the least of which is the ability to rapidly scale successful interventions with
fidelity and demonstrated impact. However, the logistics of cost- effective programmatic scale
have proven challenging, with several implementation barriers. Implementation science
defines scalability as the capacity to expand or extend an intervention to account for a growth
factor that aims to fill a gap or address unmet need in a defined population group/geographic
area.
• Data and Information Technology: The enabling environment for data and information
technology is rapidly maturing across countries, creating space, opportunity, and needed
political will to harness the Data Revolution for epidemic control. OUs should consider
innovative ways to use data and information technology to improve efficiency and
sustainability in achieving epidemic control, beyond immediate PEPFAR indicator data
collection needs. As highlighted in the Data Revolution Innovation Toolkit, available on the
PEPFAR SharePoint, OUs are encouraged to explore, adapt, and scale these and other data
driven approaches to move country epidemic control forward.
Puentes & Associates is a consulting firm founded in the 1990s that works to eliminate ethnic health disparities through community-based research and action. They employ a diverse team of researchers and health promotion experts with experience conducting needs assessments, designing health campaigns, and building partnerships between minority communities and public health agencies. Their Research Partnership Building model places community organizations at the center of health interventions and provides training to increase their skills and participation in addressing the health needs of their communities.
LVCT Health partnered with Safaricom, Kenya's largest mobile service provider, to expand their one2one youth hotline program. Through this public-private partnership, calls to the hotline were subsidized and hosted at Safaricom's call center, allowing LVCT Health to reach more rural youth with HIV and SRH information. The number of calls increased dramatically from 150,000 in 2011 to over 1 million in 2013. The partnership demonstrated how collaborating with private companies can help scale up HIV prevention efforts among youth through improved infrastructure, data collection, and reduced costs. The document recommends further evaluating such interventions and embracing opportunities public-private partnerships provide to jointly strengthen HIV and RH services.
Which Family Planning Methods can Community Health Workers Provide? Policy Da...JSI
This poster was presented by Kristen Devlin at the International Conference on Family Planning (ICFP) in Kigali, Rwanda in November 2018.
Since 2012, the Advancing Partners & Communities (APC) project has supported community health programs globally, with a focus on family planning. APC develops practical tools and approaches to help global and national level stakeholders identify knowledge and programming gaps to harmonize and scale community health programs. For decades, community health workers (CHWs) have been critical to reaching last-mile communities with family planning (FP) interventions. Information on the types of FP methods CHWs can provide, is often fragmented across country policies and strategies. To fill this gap, APC launched the Community Health Systems Catalog in 2014 as a one-stop 'shop' for key information on FP and community health policies and programs across 25 countries. This catalog identifies guidance on: 1) The number and type of CHW cadres that can provide FP interventions by country, 2) Which FP interventions CHWs can provide, 3) Gaps in FP policy guidance.
This resource on community-based FP policies advances global knowledge and can be used to: Compary community-based FP interventions, inform dialog on FP task-sharing and -shifting, identify policy areas where clearer more comprehensive guidance is needed.
Us Helping Us is a nonprofit organization committed to improving health and well-being of Black gay men and reducing HIV/AIDS impact in the Black community. It began as a self-help group for HIV+ Black gay men and has expanded to serve gay/bisexual men, heterosexual men and women, transgender persons, and youth. Services include mental health, HIV testing, health screenings, case management, support groups, and HIV prevention. Opportunities exist to expand volunteer programs, attract physician volunteers, pursue new funding sources, and strengthen collaborations to further serve clients.
Knowledge is power - Impact of interactive radio programming on women's empow...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Catherine Ragasa (International Food Policy Research Institute), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
This document provides the Mandera County HIV and AIDS Strategic Plan for 2016-2019. It begins with an introduction that provides background on HIV in Kenya and Mandera County. It then outlines the plan's guiding principles and strategic directions. The strategic directions include reducing new HIV infections, improving health outcomes for people living with HIV, facilitating access to services, strengthening integration of health and community systems, increasing research and information management, promoting use of strategic information, increasing domestic HIV financing, and strengthening county coordination. The plan also covers implementation, monitoring and evaluation, and annexes that include a results framework and resource needs. The overall goal is for Mandera County to contribute to national targets of reducing HIV infections, stigma, deaths and increasing domestic
The Citizens First 7 survey measured service reputation, quality and recent experience across levels of government in Canada. Key findings include:
1. Service reputation scores across all levels of government showed improvement or sustained gains compared to previous surveys, reaching an all-time high for some.
2. Specific municipal service quality scores also increased in some areas like composting and traffic management, though traffic management and transit still received lower ratings. Some provincial services like police and courts improved while EMS declined.
3. The new ICCS Client Satisfaction Model was used to assess recent service experience, finding an average score of 67 out of 100 across jurisdictions but with variation. On average only 12% reported active dissatisfaction with
End-of-project report for Strengthening Nigeria’s Response to HIV and AIDS Pr...John Engels
The document summarizes the achievements and lessons learned from the Strengthening Nigeria's Response to HIV and AIDS Program (SNR Program) implemented from 2004-2009. The SNR Program worked in 6 states to build the capacity of State Agencies for the Control of AIDS (SACAs) to coordinate multi-sectoral HIV responses. Key achievements included transforming 5 SACAs into legally recognized state agencies, strengthening their organizational and technical capacities, and increasing access to HIV services. However, continued engagement of stakeholders and expansion of services will be needed to sustain progress.
Strengthening Partnerships for Community Impact (Updated 2018)komenpugetsound
The document summarizes findings from the 2015 Komen Puget Sound Community Profile Report. It identifies the Seattle Greater Metropolitan Area and Grays Harbor County as priority areas due to high rates of late-stage diagnosis and low survival rates among certain racial/ethnic groups. Qualitative research found barriers to care like lack of transportation, low health literacy, and cultural taboos. Strategies proposed include improving outreach, education, navigation services, and partnerships to address the unique needs of each community.
Strengthening Partnerships for Community Impact komenpugetsound
The document summarizes findings from the 2015 Komen Puget Sound Community Profile Report. It identifies the Seattle Greater Metropolitan Area and Grays Harbor County as priority areas due to high rates of late-stage diagnosis and low survival rates among certain racial/ethnic groups. Qualitative research found barriers to care include lack of transportation, low health literacy, and cultural taboos. Strategies proposed include improving outreach, education, navigation services, and addressing specific needs of each community.
Tanzania has made progress in integrating HIV and sexual and reproductive health services. The country developed a National Road Map Strategy in 2008 to accelerate reductions in maternal, newborn, and child deaths by integrating RH and HIV policies, programs, and services. Initial integration focused on family planning services integrated into PMTCT, VCT, and CTC. Research has informed integration efforts and the development of national guidelines. Challenges remain in fully scaling up integrated services due to funding and human resource shortages. Future directions include adopting research findings, scaling up integrated models nationwide, and expanding community-based services. The goal is improved access and quality of HIV and maternal and child health services through greater coordination.
This document discusses plans to create an integrated customer service platform for the NHS to provide patients with more transparency, opportunities for participation, and transactions online. It notes high demand for digital health information and services. The new platform will consolidate NHS Choices and NHS Direct, allowing people to access health records, book appointments, provide feedback, and use apps to self-manage conditions. It aims to improve outcomes by empowering patients through access to data and services.
The changing demographics of the uninsured in MN and the nationsoder145
The document analyzes changes in the demographics of the uninsured in Minnesota and nationally between 2013 and 2014 following coverage expansions under the Affordable Care Act. It finds that uninsured rates declined significantly in both Minnesota and all 50 states. While the characteristics of the uninsured remained largely the same, the uninsured population is now more likely to be Hispanic, non-citizens, and Spanish speakers in both Minnesota and nationally. The uninsured are also less likely to be children in Minnesota and very low income or Asian nationally. Continued outreach efforts are needed to enroll groups with historically high uninsurance rates.
The document describes best practices from the Angaza Zaidi project in Tanzania for scaling up voluntary HIV testing and counseling. It identifies five best practices: 1) Collaborating with government partners and aligning with national priorities, 2) Decentralizing training to establish regional networks, 3) Supporting income generation for people living with HIV through post-test clubs, 4) Conducting mobile outreach with education and testing, and 5) Providing testing to hard-to-reach groups through house visits and small groups. The project partnered with the Tanzanian government and local organizations to expand access to counseling and testing services.
The document discusses communication disability caused by stroke and the need for communication support groups. It finds that about one third of stroke survivors experience communication disability but only 13% have access to support groups. It recommends that local health authorities audit the incidence of disability, research its impact, integrate support groups into stroke care, audit current provision, and adequately fund community support and referrals. The document outlines how support groups help maintain and improve communication skills, allow practice in social settings, and provide respite for carers.
This study assessed barriers to HIV/AIDS services for Latinos in 9 Southern states. Key findings included immigration status as a major barrier, as many Latinos avoided testing and treatment due to fears of deportation. Cultural norms around homophobia and stigma also prevented many from accessing care. The report recommends developing patient navigators and legal advisors to help Latinos overcome these barriers to HIV/AIDS services.
Syringe Exchange Programs (SEPs) in New Jersey have led to a dramatic reduction in needle sticks for firefighters and benefit public health. Nearly half of all AIDS cases in New Jersey occur among injecting drug users. SEPs disproportionately help Latinos and African Americans, who make up a larger proportion of injecting drug users living with HIV/AIDS than their overall state population. Five municipalities in New Jersey have established SEPs since 2006. From 2007-2009, over 5,800 individuals accessed SEPs and nearly 1,000 entered drug treatment. Federal funding of $620,500 for SEPs will save up to $4.3 million based on evidence that every $1 invested saves $3-7 through reduced transmission
More young people in Canada are visiting EDs because of drinking alcoholΔρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
More people are visiting emergency departments after drinking alcohol, a new study finds. Researchers looked at more than 765,000 ED visits in Ontario, Canada’s largest province, and found a 175% increase in such visits between 2003 and 2016 among 25- to 29-year-olds. That spiked to a 240% increase in alcohol-related ED visits for young women, who were also more likely than men to be under Canada’s legal drinking age of 19. For both young men and women, visiting the ED for alcohol-related problems also led to more hospital admissions than other types of ED visits. Other countries, including the U.S., have experienced similar increases in alcohol-related visits to the ED, the authors behind the new study write, urging more research into the reasons behind the growing trend.
This document discusses disease surveillance research. It explains that disease surveillance involves the ongoing collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data to monitor disease trends and improve public health. A reductionist approach looks at isolating variables to find cause-and-effect relationships, while a complex systems approach considers adaptive and multilevel systems in context. The document also discusses the roles and competencies needed for nurses to participate in surveillance and investigation activities.
Census Tract maps Final 12.07 w. neighborhood maps attachedAriel Rogers
The document summarizes health, economic, and demographic data from 20 maps of North King County created by the Communities of Opportunity partnership. The maps show disparities in factors like preventable hospitalizations, tobacco use, income, and diversity across census tracts. Preventable hospitalizations are most concentrated along the I-5 corridor from Crown Hill to Lake City. Tobacco use is highest above 85th street and centered between Aurora and Lake City Way. The data aims to identify inequities and inform efforts to increase opportunity for at-risk communities.
Washington state has a relatively low rate of HIV/AIDS cases attributed to injecting drug use due to its early adoption of harm reduction programs like syringe service programs (SSPs). SSPs in Washington work to curb the transmission of diseases like HIV and hepatitis C. King County saw that for every $1 spent on SSPs, $3-7 was saved on medical costs like HIV treatment. SSPs in King County also help place people in drug treatment programs. While access to SSPs disproportionately affects African Americans, SSPs have helped keep HIV rates low among injecting drug users in Washington.
Aboriginal Patterns of Cancer Care Project Breast Cancer paper BMCCancer 1471...Cancer Council NSW
Aboriginal women in New South Wales, Australia have lower rates of survival from breast cancer than non-Aboriginal women. Aboriginal women were less likely to receive surgical treatment for their breast cancer and were more likely to have other health issues. After accounting for differences in factors like age, disease stage at diagnosis, surgical treatment, and health issues, Aboriginal women still had a 30% higher risk of death from breast cancer. Improving access to surgical treatment and reducing health issues may help increase breast cancer survival rates for Aboriginal women.
West West Auckland Integrated Care Project - Locality and Cluster AnalysisJonathan Simon onzm
This document provides a summary of health data and population characteristics for the West Auckland locality and three clusters within it - Henderson, Massey, and New Lynn. Some key findings include:
1) The West Auckland locality has a growing and increasingly diverse population, with higher deprivation than the overall Waitemata DHB region.
2) Life expectancy is lower in West Auckland compared to the overall DHB region, and varies between ethnic groups.
3) Both primary and secondary health care utilization is higher in West Auckland compared to the DHB as a whole. Rates of long-term conditions and hospital admissions are also generally higher.
4) There is variation in health indicators within the three clusters, with the
A Post-Census Mortality Survey to Capture HIV/AIDS Deaths MEASURE Evaluation
A post-census mortality survey was conducted in Mozambique to accurately measure HIV/AIDS and other cause-specific mortality rates at the national and sub-national levels. The survey used a stratified random sample of households that reported a death in the previous year from the 2007 census. Trained doctors reviewed verbal autopsy questionnaires to assign causes of death. Results showed HIV/AIDS as a leading cause of death and varying HIV/AIDS mortality rates across provinces. The survey provides important data for health planning and measuring impact of interventions.
A Post-Census Mortality Survey to Capture HIV/AIDS Deaths MEASURE Evaluation
A post-census mortality survey was conducted in Mozambique to accurately measure HIV/AIDS and other cause-specific mortality rates at the national and sub-national levels. The survey used a stratified random sample of households that reported a death in the previous year from the 2007 census. Trained doctors reviewed verbal autopsy questionnaires to assign causes of death. Results showed HIV/AIDS as a leading cause and regional variations. The analysis will link deaths to census data to determine mortality rates compared by age, sex, location, and other factors.
Demography - Methods of collection of demographic dataNagamani Manjunath
Demography is the statistical study of human populations and their changes over time due to births, deaths, migration and aging. There are two main methods for collecting demographic data - direct collection from official records like censuses, and indirect collection through surveys. India collects demographic data through various methods like the census every 10 years, civil registration of births and deaths, sample registration system, national family health surveys, and disease notification records. This data helps understand population size, growth and characteristics.
This document provides an overview of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and programmatic response in Uttar Pradesh, India. It finds that key vulnerability factors driving the epidemic include a large population, gender disparities, the presence of high-risk groups like migrants, female sex workers, and injecting drug users. HIV prevalence trends show a concentrated epidemic among high-risk groups but signs of spread to the general population. The government's response under NACP III aims to prevent new infections, increase access to care and treatment, build capacity, and strengthen strategic information systems through targeted interventions for high-risk groups and the general population. Key ongoing challenges include curbing the spread from high-risk to low-risk groups and further decentralizing
Dr. Kathleen Brady of Philadelphia's AIDS Activities Coordinating Office (AACO) gave this presentation at the January 9, 2013 Comprehensive Planning Committee meeting.
This document discusses various methods for collecting demographic data, including population censuses, sample surveys, vital statistics registration, and administrative records. It describes how each method works, their advantages and limitations, and examples of their use in Bangladesh. The key points are that censuses aim to count the entire population but are infrequent, while surveys sample subsets of the population and are more cost-effective. Combining multiple data sources provides the most complete demographic picture. Accuracy depends on minimizing errors like undercoverage.
The life expectancy of people with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is estimated to be 34 years, which is significantly lower than the general population's life expectancy of 79 years for men and 83 years for women. The leading causes of death for people with FAS are external causes such as suicide, accidents, and poisoning, which account for 44% of deaths. Diseases of the nervous system, respiratory system, and digestive system are also common causes of death for this group. Their mortality rate is 7.4 to 73 times higher than the general population, depending on age group.
Quality Data Sources Essay Example Paper.docxwrite22
This document discusses several quality data sources used in healthcare:
1. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collects health data from US civilians including chronic conditions, health, nutrition, and risk factors.
2. The National HIV/AIDS Surveillance System collects HIV exposure and demographic data from all US states to monitor HIV infection rates.
3. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys US adults about preventive health behaviors and chronic conditions.
4. The National Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Benchmarking Database collects patient experience data about healthcare providers and health plans.
5. The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey collects data from medical visits including diagnoses, treatments, and patient dem
This study assessed factors influencing adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among key populations in Matayos Sub-County, Kenya. The study found that 37% of key populations showed adherence to PrEP based on the Morisky Medical Adherence Scale-4. Adherence varied among different key populations, with 36% for commercial sex workers, 37% for men who have sex with men, and 52% for people who inject drugs. Statistical analysis revealed that education level, marital status, key population category, occupation, stigma, perceptions of side effects, facility accessibility, actual side effects experienced, and condom use were associated with adherence to PrEP. The study concluded that socio-demographic factors, individual characteristics
The document discusses HIV epidemiology in Saskatchewan, highlighting that the province has seen a rapid increase in new HIV cases and now has the highest rates in Canada. It summarizes Saskatchewan's 2010-2013 HIV Strategy, which aims to reduce new infections and improve quality of life for those living with HIV through improved surveillance, clinical management, prevention, and harm reduction programs. The strategy goals include earlier detection of cases, decreasing new infections and sexually transmitted infections, and increasing access to testing, care, and prevention services.
This essay gives the descriptive account of how Paratransit services are in need of better assessment criteria but it also highlights the expense of managing a program that caters to people who are disabled.
Population Studies / Demography IntroductionMuteeullah
Presentation and Assignment on Population / Demography including mortality, fertility and their measure, population census, vital registration, demography survey, House hold survey, population composition, errors in demographic data, demographic measures.................By Muteeullah Channa University of Sindh
Similar to Priority populations calculator part 1 (20)
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principlesanaghabharat01
This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Declaration of Helsinki, a foundational document outlining ethical guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdfrightmanforbloodline
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
12. Example 1: The 2006 census report there are 74,282 male residents in Parramatta LGA. Excluding children (<14 yrs) there are 59,699 males. Assume 2.5% of these males are gay or bisexual and another 5.9% have same sex experience would indicate there may be between 1492 and 3522 MSM in Parramatta and 1.9% or 1,134 males have had a same sex experience in the previous year.
13. Example 2: Sydney (C) – east (SLA) highlighted on the right was reported to have a total male population of 28520. Excluding 5.4% of the population under age 14 would result in 26979 males. As the area is known to have a significant clustering of MSM, if we assume 48% of males are MSM the population of MSM in the area (excluding transient visitors) could be as high as 12949.
14. The number of young people ages between 15 to 24 years within a selected region can be obtained from ABS census data and from the navigable interface provided by the Social Health Atlas of Australia Geographic Information System (GIS). The total number of young people in an area health service can be calculated by adding the number of young people in each local government area.
15. It is particularly important to identify those at risk within the population. The highest notifications for Chlamydia from 01.04.09 to 31.03.10 in NSW were from Females age 20-24. Notification rates from post codes or LGA where STIs are notified from should also be taken into account when planning outreach activities. It is also possible to identify areas of relative socio-economic disadvantage via the Social Health Atlas of Australia GIS where outreach activities should be targeted.
16. The Australian Study of Health and Relationships found that 0.9% of men and 0.5% of women had been paid for sex. In the past year it found that fewer than 0.1% of men and women had been paid for sex with men. Councils will have access to information about legal brothels and possibly some private sex workers if they have put in a development application. Street sex work is more limited but highly visible.
17. For example, approximately 50 licensed brothels are registered with the City of Sydney Council (average 4 sex workers per licensed brothel) sites, and 15 massage parlours. It is estimated there are around 150 to 200 home-based sex workers in the City of Sydney. Sex Worker Organisations such as the Scarlet Alliance estimate street based sex workers comprises around 1 to 2 percent of all sex workers. Sex workers work part time and there may be about 200 sex workers working at any one night in the City of Sydney.
18. Personal ads in the newspapers and other sources such as SWOP would be useful to access within LGAs in order to estimate the number of workers who could potentially attend a service. Police also have data on street workers in relation to complaints. It can be useful to develop a relationship with Local Area Commands to develop collaborative approaches to managing issues concerning the sex industry although any constraints and barriers to developing working partnerships with Local Area Commands may need to be considered first.
19. HIV notifications can be obtained from the Area Health Service Public Health Units Residential postcodes are reported at notification. HARP units also receive quarterly reports on Bacterial STI Notification Data from the NSW Health Communicable Diseases Branch grouped by the former 18 Area Health Services. The public health unit can provide total AIDS death notifications (check with the unit regarding reliability of the data).
20. Estimate the number of people with HIV in the area by deducting the number of AIDS deaths from HIV notifications (Please note: this does not take migratory factors into account). In some AHS there will be multiple service providers and GPs in high case load areas may be contacted for an estimate of their patient numbers. Patients are entitled to choose where to go for services and may often travel across AHS boundaries especially in Sydney. Other sources of information would include support services such as ACON , Positive Life and the Bobby Goldsmith Foundation as they access clients separately.
21. Estimates of the number of people living with HIV infection are provided on page 122 of the National Centre for HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research’s Annual Surveillance Report . 9261 people were estimated to be living with HIV infection in 2008 in NSW. The HIV Surveillance quarterly reports provides quarterly updates on cumulative and 2 yearly interval of new diagnosis of HIV infection. Number of deaths are also reported (Example: 1 Apr 08 to 31 Mar 09 = 20 deaths). Projected changed in HIV notifications over time has been estimated by the National Centre of HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research and reported in the following document: Mathematical models to investigate recent trends in HIV notifications among men who have sex with men in Australia.
22. The National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2007 reported that in 2007 it was estimated that 1.9% of the population of Australia over age 14, (328,100) had ever injected drugs and 0.5% of Australians over 14 82 400 had injected drugs within the past 12 months. Alternatively, the Hepatitis C Virus Projections Working Group ( Pg. 18 ) has estimated that in Australia there are 80,000 regular and 120,000 occasional injecting drug users (IDU). As 33% of the Australian population lives in NSW, it could be assumed there are 26,4000 regular and 39,600 occasional injecting drug users in NSW. The number of IDUs can be estimated by applying the formula to the findings from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey or Hepatitis C Virus Projection Working Group Estimates.
23. Many IDUs access Needle and Syringe Programs (NSP). Primary NSPs would be able to calculate IDU numbers from needles provided more readily than secondary NSPs as they survey their clients and often have some idea of whether the equipment is being used by the person collecting or a group. Certain ages groups also report higher injecting rates than others. Example those ages 30 to 39 report the higher rates of recent IDU. Males are also more likely to inject than females (2.5% vs 1.3%) ( National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2007 ).
24. The Australian Needle and Syringe Program Survey (ANSPS) is a cross-sectional study that has been conducted over a one to two week period each year since 1995. The survey forms the basis of Australia’s human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C surveillance among injecting drug users, and monitors behavioural indices of risk in addition to prevalence of infection.
25.
26. The number of adults within a selected region can be obtained via 2006 Census data’s interface with Google maps or from the Social Atlas of Australia’s Geographical Information System . According to the Australian Study of Health and Relationships 15.1% of men and 8.5% of women reported multiple sexual partners in the past year. Reporting multiple opposite-sex partners was significantly associated with being younger, identifying as bisexual, living in major cities, having a lower income, having a blue-collar occupation, and not being married. Filters that relate to some of the above demographics can be applied to ABS data and may be helpful in strategically locating outreach programs targeting this particular priority group in the areas most needed.
27. Example: Through the interactive interface provide by the ABS website it is possible to ascertain that 46% of the population of Liverpool are not in a marriage compared with 61% in Leichhardt and 49% in Fairfield. The Social Health atlas GIS system also indicates that Fairfield East has the largest percentage (32%) of blue collar (unskilled or semi skilled) workers in NSW. This compares with 4.6% in Leichhardt and 21% in Liverpool. While Leichhardt has a higher percentage of single people, the Index of relative socio-economic disadvantage indicates that Fairfield is the most socio-economically disadvantaged among the local government areas mentioned, and may therefore be a preferred location for outreach activity targeting this priority group. (Leichhardt =1083; Liverpool = 933 & Fairfield =831).
28. While CALD populations are not listed as a priority group within the NSW STI Strategy, the Strategy’s Environmental Scan states on pg.27 that the needs of CALD people should be considered where applicable to local population demographics and patterns of immigration settlement. As country of birth and language spoken at home is also collected in the Australian Census it is possible to extract CALD demographic data from the ABS website and also via the Social Atlas of Australia’s GIS . Identification of a priority CALD group should be made in conjunction with relevant multicultural agencies (NSW Sexually Transmissible Infections Strategy Environmental Scan 2006-2010).
29. Example: Applying the demographic filter for ‘people born in China ’ using the interface provided by the Social Atlas of Australia’s GIS and using the sort function shows that in NSW, Burwood has the largest percentage and Canterbury, the largest number of people who were born in China.
30. While an estimation of the size of a priority populations will assist services in identifying targets, additional information provided in Part 2 is also required to inform decision making.
31.
Editor's Notes
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aboriginals_Performing_at_Crown_Street_Mall.jpg Image File: Aboriginals performing at Crown Street Mall.jpg Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License , Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled &quot; GNU Free Documentation License &quot;. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 License. In short: you are free to share and make derivative works of the file under the conditions that you appropriately attribute it, and that you distribute it only under a license identical to this one. Official license This licensing tag was added to this file as part of the GFDL licensing update .
Sex in Australia: Homosexual experience and recent homosexual encounters Andrew E. Grulich 1 , Richard O. de Visser 1 , Anthony M.A. Smith 2 , 5 , Chris E. Rissel 3 Juliet Richters 4 1 National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales 2 Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Victoria 3 Health Promotion Unit, Central Sydney Area Health Service, and Australian Centre for Health Promotion, University of Sydney, New South Wales 4 National Centre in HIV Social Research, University of New South Wales ABSTRACT Abstract Objective To describe the prevalence and features of homosexual experience and recent homosexual encounters among a representative sample of Australian adults. MethodsComputer-assisted telephone interviews were completed by a representative sample of 10,173 men and 9,134 women aged 16–59 years from all States and Territories. The overall response rate was 73.1% (69.4% among men and 77.6% among women). Results : Overall, 8.6% of women and 5.9% of men reported some homosexual sexual experience in their lives (p<0.001); these figures fell to 5.7% and 5.0% respectively (p=0.106) when non-genital sexual experience was excluded. 1.9% of men and 1.5% of women reported homosexual experience in the past year. Men who reported homosexual experience reported more same-sex partners than did women (means 31.6 and 3.2, p<0.001), and men and women who identified as homosexual or bisexual reported more sexual partners in total than those who identified as heterosexual. Respondents reporting homosexual experience were significantly more likely to be from an English-speaking background, have higher levels of education, live in a major city, and report a white-collar or managerial/professional occupation. Women who reported homosexual experience were less likely to have a middle or high income. In the most recent homosexual encounter, genital touching was the most commonly reported practice, and oral sex was reported much more frequently than in heterosexual encounters. Conclusion Homosexually and bisexually identified men and women had higher total numbers of partners than heterosexuals. Improved societal attitudes towards homosexuality are likely to lead to further increases in estimates of the prevalence of homosexual experience in the community. Performing your original search, hiv prevalence in among gay men in nsw , in PubMed will retrieve 29 records . Sex Health. 2008 Jun;5(2):97-102. Homosexual men in Australia: population, distribution and HIV prevalence. Prestage G , Ferris J , Grierson J , Thorpe R , Zablotska I , Imrie J , Smith A , Grulich AE . National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. gprestage@nchecr.unsw.edu.au
Sex in Australia: Homosexual experience and recent homosexual encounters Andrew E. Grulich 1 , Richard O. de Visser 1 , Anthony M.A. Smith 2 , 5 , Chris E. Rissel 3 Juliet Richters 4 1 National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales 2 Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Victoria 3 Health Promotion Unit, Central Sydney Area Health Service, and Australian Centre for Health Promotion, University of Sydney, New South Wales 4 National Centre in HIV Social Research, University of New South Wales ABSTRACT Abstract Objective To describe the prevalence and features of homosexual experience and recent homosexual encounters among a representative sample of Australian adults. MethodsComputer-assisted telephone interviews were completed by a representative sample of 10,173 men and 9,134 women aged 16–59 years from all States and Territories. The overall response rate was 73.1% (69.4% among men and 77.6% among women). Results : Overall, 8.6% of women and 5.9% of men reported some homosexual sexual experience in their lives (p<0.001); these figures fell to 5.7% and 5.0% respectively (p=0.106) when non-genital sexual experience was excluded. 1.9% of men and 1.5% of women reported homosexual experience in the past year. Men who reported homosexual experience reported more same-sex partners than did women (means 31.6 and 3.2, p<0.001), and men and women who identified as homosexual or bisexual reported more sexual partners in total than those who identified as heterosexual. Respondents reporting homosexual experience were significantly more likely to be from an English-speaking background, have higher levels of education, live in a major city, and report a white-collar or managerial/professional occupation. Women who reported homosexual experience were less likely to have a middle or high income. In the most recent homosexual encounter, genital touching was the most commonly reported practice, and oral sex was reported much more frequently than in heterosexual encounters. Conclusion Homosexually and bisexually identified men and women had higher total numbers of partners than heterosexuals. Improved societal attitudes towards homosexuality are likely to lead to further increases in estimates of the prevalence of homosexual experience in the community. Performing your original search, hiv prevalence in among gay men in nsw , in PubMed will retrieve 29 records . Sex Health. 2008 Jun;5(2):97-102. Homosexual men in Australia: population, distribution and HIV prevalence. Prestage G , Ferris J , Grierson J , Thorpe R , Zablotska I , Imrie J , Smith A , Grulich AE . National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. gprestage@nchecr.unsw.edu.au