This document discusses primary and secondary sources and provides examples of each. It then shares two primary sources - the BBC Pashto website and VOA Pashto website/radio. Both provide current news, reports, and information about Afghanistan and world events. The document outlines an info-gap activity where students read articles from the sources and discuss questions in groups to share what they learned. It provides discussion questions for the activity and instructions for students to create a PowerPoint presentation comparing traffic systems in Afghanistan and the US and providing recommendations to address the high rate of traffic accidents in Afghanistan.

1. PRIMARY & SECONDARY SOURCES
Defence Language Institute
Pashto Language
Semester 2
By Zala Ibrahimi

2. PRIMARY VS. SECONDARY SOURCES
 Primary Source - is a document that is
created during an experience or time
period and reflects a participant/observer’s
viewpoint. E.g. official
records, interviews, diaries, speeches, poe
try, novels etc.
 - analyzes and interprets
primary sources. E.g.
textbooks, commentaries, encyclopedias
etc.

3. PRIMARY SOURCE I
 BBC Pashto - http://www.bbc.co.uk/pashto/
 This source provides information, reports,
interviews and current news on Afghanistan and
world’s politics, security, economics, sports and
other social matters. It puts the information out
through its live radio, video/audio clips and
articles.

4. PRIMARY SOURCE II
 VOA Pashto – in addition to broadcasting
news and reports about current situation in
Afghanistan, its neighboring countries and
America through its radio and TV stations, it
has some articles and news on
health, science and technology, society and
culture and sports.

6. INFO- GAP ACTIVITY (PRACTICE)
 Group A – each member in the team reads the article entitled
“How can we prevent traffic accidents in Afghanistan”
http://www.bbc.co.uk/pashto/afghanistan/2012/09/120919_talk
ing_point_trafic.shtml
 Discuss the following questions in your team
 What are the main reasons for accidents in the country?
 What are the numbers provided by central hospitals in different
provinces?
 Group B - each member in the team reads the article entitled
“The number of traffic accidents has increased in
Afghanistan”. http://www.bbc.co.uk/pashto/
 Discuss the following questions in your team
 What do the residents of Kabul say in regard to the increase of
accidents in the city?
 Give details about the information provided by the ministry of public
health regarding injuries and deaths that are caused by accidents?

7. INFO- GAP ACTIVITY (TASK)
 In Pairs discuss the following questions using the above
mentioned primary sources and create a PowerPoint presentation
including any outcomes from your team discussions, any
suggestions, recommendations about improving the situation.
 How do you compare the traffic system/transportation system in
Afghanistan and the U.S.?
 What should the Afghanistan government and people do in order to
prevent or at least lessen the causalities brought about by traffic
accidents?
 Which one of the main reasons for accidents in the country should
be addressed? Why? Give reasons.
 Pretend you are the head of an organization that is funded by UN to
solve the traffic problems in Afghanistan. What would you do? What
are your plans to improve the transportation system?

8. CONTENT & TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS
 Content Standard
 Communication
 Culture
 Comparison
 Technology Standard: (NETS for Students)
 Communication and collaboration
 Critical thinking, problem solving and decision
making
 Creativity and innovation