The document discusses human trafficking as a global issue. It defines human trafficking and distinguishes it from human smuggling. While smuggling involves border crossing, trafficking involves exploitation through force, fraud or coercion without consent. The document also summarizes efforts to combat human trafficking in Canada, including a public-private partnership launched in 2016 between banks, law enforcement and other groups, and Ontario's new $72 million strategy announced in June 2016 focused on prevention, justice, indigenous approaches, and provincial coordination.
Human Trafficking Today's Slavery Hidden In Plain Sight Scott Mills
Nick Kinsella, independent presentation on how to stop human trafficking to delegates of the 2011 Crime Stoppers International Training Conference in Montego Bay, Jamaica October 26, 2011
This document provides an overview of child trafficking in South Asian countries. It discusses the nature and extent of trafficking in the region, highlighting that an estimated 150,000 people are trafficked from South Asia annually, with children comprising 40% of victims. The regional trafficking nexus involves domestic trafficking within countries as well as cross-border trafficking between neighboring nations like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka. The document examines the issue from the perspective of human security and analyzes the international, regional and national legal frameworks aimed at combating trafficking. It identifies ongoing challenges around prevention, protection and prosecution and concludes that while laws exist, more needs to be done to uphold victims' rights and prevent trafficking.
This document discusses using an interdisciplinary approach to address the complex issue of human sex trafficking. It draws on the disciplines of information technology, general business, and organizational leadership. Information technology can help by using data mining and security techniques to identify patterns and track traffickers online. General business principles can provide insights into the market dynamics of trafficking. Organizational leadership is needed to manage collaborative efforts across different groups working on this issue. While conflicts may arise from other disciplines, an interdisciplinary team incorporating these three areas could help reduce and prevent trafficking by utilizing technological tools and data, understanding the business of trafficking, and coordinating organizational responses.
1. Trafficking networks in Indonesia prey on poor migrant workers, exploiting them and rendering them captive through falsified identities and abusive labor conditions. The sex industry has been particularly affected, lowering the average age of sex workers and making it impossible for many to leave due to debt bondage.
2. While Indonesian laws prohibit various forms of trafficking, networks have successfully subverted identification methods, making prosecution difficult. The research aims to identify stable components of trafficking cycles that can be used to build solid cases against traffickers.
3. Wealthy traffickers practice "quarantining", detaining sex workers through cash bonds (debts) to control their investment and profits. Quarantining
Human trafficking is a $32 billion industry that affects over 27 million victims worldwide each year. Victims are typically recruited through false promises, transported across borders while having their passports taken, and sold into situations of abuse and rights violations. The recruitment, transportation, and arrival of victims establishes a chain that maintains control over vulnerable people. Poverty, discrimination, and social exclusion are among the root causes that make people susceptible to trafficking. The UN works to prevent trafficking through initiatives and protocols that protect victims and promote international cooperation.
This document discusses human trafficking and modern slavery. It provides statistics showing that 27 million people are trafficked worldwide and that human trafficking generates $32 billion in profits annually. It outlines different types of human trafficking including child marriage, child soldiers, sex trafficking, and labor trafficking. The causes of human trafficking are discussed as illiteracy, poverty, and lack of awareness. Solutions proposed include increasing awareness through training, not ignoring victims, enacting hard sentences against traffickers, and educating people. The document highlights January 11th as Human Trafficking Awareness Day and shares two stories of trafficking victims.
ECOWAS has taken significant steps to address cross-border crime and security issues in West Africa through establishing elite transnational crime units, regional action plans, and security committees. However, fully establishing an ECOWAS law enforcement mechanism like the proposed Criminal Investigative Intelligence Bureau has been delayed. Current crises in Mali, piracy, and the Sahel are forcing ECOWAS to take a more holistic approach to security that incorporates law enforcement. Moving forward, ratifying protocols for a formal law enforcement body and increasing cooperation through joint border patrols will help ECOWAS better protect citizens and support regional integration efforts.
Human Trafficking Today's Slavery Hidden In Plain Sight Scott Mills
Nick Kinsella, independent presentation on how to stop human trafficking to delegates of the 2011 Crime Stoppers International Training Conference in Montego Bay, Jamaica October 26, 2011
This document provides an overview of child trafficking in South Asian countries. It discusses the nature and extent of trafficking in the region, highlighting that an estimated 150,000 people are trafficked from South Asia annually, with children comprising 40% of victims. The regional trafficking nexus involves domestic trafficking within countries as well as cross-border trafficking between neighboring nations like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka. The document examines the issue from the perspective of human security and analyzes the international, regional and national legal frameworks aimed at combating trafficking. It identifies ongoing challenges around prevention, protection and prosecution and concludes that while laws exist, more needs to be done to uphold victims' rights and prevent trafficking.
This document discusses using an interdisciplinary approach to address the complex issue of human sex trafficking. It draws on the disciplines of information technology, general business, and organizational leadership. Information technology can help by using data mining and security techniques to identify patterns and track traffickers online. General business principles can provide insights into the market dynamics of trafficking. Organizational leadership is needed to manage collaborative efforts across different groups working on this issue. While conflicts may arise from other disciplines, an interdisciplinary team incorporating these three areas could help reduce and prevent trafficking by utilizing technological tools and data, understanding the business of trafficking, and coordinating organizational responses.
1. Trafficking networks in Indonesia prey on poor migrant workers, exploiting them and rendering them captive through falsified identities and abusive labor conditions. The sex industry has been particularly affected, lowering the average age of sex workers and making it impossible for many to leave due to debt bondage.
2. While Indonesian laws prohibit various forms of trafficking, networks have successfully subverted identification methods, making prosecution difficult. The research aims to identify stable components of trafficking cycles that can be used to build solid cases against traffickers.
3. Wealthy traffickers practice "quarantining", detaining sex workers through cash bonds (debts) to control their investment and profits. Quarantining
Human trafficking is a $32 billion industry that affects over 27 million victims worldwide each year. Victims are typically recruited through false promises, transported across borders while having their passports taken, and sold into situations of abuse and rights violations. The recruitment, transportation, and arrival of victims establishes a chain that maintains control over vulnerable people. Poverty, discrimination, and social exclusion are among the root causes that make people susceptible to trafficking. The UN works to prevent trafficking through initiatives and protocols that protect victims and promote international cooperation.
This document discusses human trafficking and modern slavery. It provides statistics showing that 27 million people are trafficked worldwide and that human trafficking generates $32 billion in profits annually. It outlines different types of human trafficking including child marriage, child soldiers, sex trafficking, and labor trafficking. The causes of human trafficking are discussed as illiteracy, poverty, and lack of awareness. Solutions proposed include increasing awareness through training, not ignoring victims, enacting hard sentences against traffickers, and educating people. The document highlights January 11th as Human Trafficking Awareness Day and shares two stories of trafficking victims.
ECOWAS has taken significant steps to address cross-border crime and security issues in West Africa through establishing elite transnational crime units, regional action plans, and security committees. However, fully establishing an ECOWAS law enforcement mechanism like the proposed Criminal Investigative Intelligence Bureau has been delayed. Current crises in Mali, piracy, and the Sahel are forcing ECOWAS to take a more holistic approach to security that incorporates law enforcement. Moving forward, ratifying protocols for a formal law enforcement body and increasing cooperation through joint border patrols will help ECOWAS better protect citizens and support regional integration efforts.
Human trafficking lecture Dr. Olivia Smith olivia smith
The document provides information about human trafficking:
- It defines human trafficking as the trade of humans for forced labor, sexual slavery, or exploitation. This can occur within or between countries.
- Common types of human trafficking include sex trafficking, forced prostitution, labor trafficking in various industries like agriculture, domestic work, and factories.
- Trafficking victims experience physical, emotional and psychological harm like physical wounds, drug addiction, PTSD symptoms, and difficulties with rehabilitation.
This document defines and discusses human trafficking. It begins by defining human trafficking and sex trafficking. It then discusses how President Obama has referred to human trafficking as "modern slavery." It provides statistics on human trafficking victims globally and in the US. It discusses how traffickers prey on vulnerable populations and lure victims. It also outlines current laws against trafficking and resources for reporting trafficking and helping victims.
NLA/NEMA Human Trafficking 101 & Data Issues 10-7-11-post to nlaapanigab2
Human trafficking is defined by international and US law, and includes sex and labor trafficking. The document discusses examples of human trafficking cases in the US and issues with data on the size of the problem. It also reviews US responses to trafficking at both the federal and state level.
Freedom fron Fear October 2008 First Issue. Magazine published by UNICRI and MPIDaniel Dufourt
Freedom fron Fear October 2008 First Issue.
Magazine published by United Nations
Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute
and MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE
for Foreign and International Criminal Law
Human trafficking is defined as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of humans for the purpose of exploitation through force, fraud, or coercion. It is the third largest international crime generating billions of dollars in profit each year. Victims are often lured with false promises of good jobs and better lives, and then forced into labor or commercial sex against their will. Common forms of human trafficking include sex trafficking, labor trafficking, and organ harvesting. Poverty, lack of economic opportunities, and demand for cheap labor or commercial sex are key drivers. The top countries for human trafficking globally are Bangladesh, Brazil, Haiti, Pakistan, India, and Nepal. In India, trafficking is prevalent with victims sourced from
This document discusses human trafficking. It defines human trafficking as the transportation of persons by threat or force for exploitation, such as commercial sex or forced labor. Victims are often women and children. Trafficking is the third largest illicit trade globally. It is a profitable criminal business involving billions of dollars annually. While a global issue, factors like poverty, conflict, lack of opportunity and demand for cheap labor fuel human trafficking around the world.
Are we doing enough to combat one of the most serious human rights violations in today's World? Human trafficking is happening at an alarming rate and is the second most profitable crime: second only to drug trafficking. Raising awareness is the key to making a difference.
Geneva ISP 2006 - International Legal Social Science Research on Human Traffi...Priscila Espinosa
This document provides an overview of human trafficking as a global phenomenon. It discusses how human trafficking has become more complex over time, filling exploitative labor positions beyond just sex work. A key factor in distinguishing trafficking from other exploitative work is whether victims have the ability to quit. The document also outlines the components of human trafficking as typically involving an origin country, transit country, and destination country, though now these roles can sometimes overlap within one country. It aims to inform readers about the realities and complexities of human trafficking as it occurs globally.
Human trafficking involves the use of force, fraud or coercion to exploit people for commercial gain. It is defined as a crime against a person, whereas human smuggling only facilitates illegal border crossings. Trafficking victims are seen as victims under the law, while smuggled individuals are seen as criminals. Common forms of exploitation include sex work, labor, begging, organ removal, child soldiers and domestic servitude. Trafficking is fueled by poverty, lack of opportunities, organized crime and uneven effects of globalization.
Transnational organized crime expands in a tentacular manner, similar to how a kraken attacks ships. Criminal organizations establish distribution routes or "tentacles" across multiple countries to feed their operations. Disrupting one tentacle is not enough, as the criminal networks find ways to maintain control over geographic areas through corrupt officials and established trafficking patterns. International cooperation is needed among law enforcement to develop strategies, like "cooking the kraken in its own ink," to effectively counter transnational criminal threats.
Corruption undermines Venezuelan democracy
Impunit in cases of anonymous threats agains journalists in Venezuela
Constitutional Chamber of Supreme Court favors the government
Pro-government political party physically attacks members of the Democratic Alternative and bars them from speaking in parliament
Human trafficking is a multi-billion dollar criminal industry that transports people illegally across borders for forced labor and sex trafficking. An estimated 800,000-900,000 people worldwide are internationally trafficked each year, the majority being women and children. Human traffickers exploit victims by concealing them in shipping containers for transport, subjecting them to inhumane conditions with risks of death from hypoxia, malnourishment or dehydration. Port security needs training to identify signs of human trafficking in shipping containers to help combat this criminal industry.
Poverty and Commercial Kidnapping in Post Amnesty Niger Deltaijtsrd
This study takes a look at the relationship between poverty and the ever increasing spate of commercial kidnapping in the post amnesty Niger Delta region. Kidnapping for ransom peaked in the region in 2006 with increased activities of the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta MEND and other militant groups, prompting President Yar, Adua to prioritize Niger Delta issues in that Seven Points Agenda, which culminated in the granting of amnesty to repentant militants upon renunciation and return to obedience. In the attempt to answer the question on how poverty influences commercial kidnapping in the Niger Delta region this study deployed the relative deprivation theory as a tool of analysis. The nexus between poverty and commercial kidnapping was established as some other causative factors that influences the menace were noted, including poverty as the chief culprit, unemployment, drug addiction,, cultism and general insecurity in the area. The paper therefore recommended amongst others, poverty alleviation programmes, proactive community policing, expansion of the amnesty programme to accommodate non militant youths in the region and general socio economic and infrastructural development as a panacea for the reduction of crime and criminality. Diri, Benjamin B | Tamunosisi Gogo Jaja "Poverty and Commercial Kidnapping in Post Amnesty Niger Delta" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38260.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/38260/poverty-and-commercial-kidnapping-in-post-amnesty-niger-delta/diri-benjamin-b
Human trafficking is a major problem in Romania, with the country being the second largest source for trafficked individuals next to Ukraine. This is due to Romania's poor economy and young people seeking better opportunities abroad. While human trafficking generates high profits illegally, it seriously harms victims and European society. Romania has implemented anti-trafficking laws and awareness campaigns, but more support is needed from the EU and neighboring countries to curb criminal networks and support victims. Regional cooperation is key to preventing human trafficking to and from Romania.
This document discusses Mexico's capacity to combat transnational organized crime according to the UN Palermo Convention. It argues that Mexico faces significant challenges in complying with the Convention's standards due to weaknesses in its state capacity. Specifically, Mexican laws and institutions are insufficiently equipped to deal with issues like trafficking of persons, smuggling of migrants, arms trafficking, and drug trafficking as defined by the Convention. Without strengthening its ability to respond effectively, Mexico's efforts to combat transnational crime will be in vain and democracy will suffer.
Can we put an end to human smuggling? OECD Policy BriefOECD Governance
Policy Brief analysing the factors that facilitate human trafficking, as well as the known smuggling routes to OECD countries. Synthesising the evidence and reviewing current policy tools for tackling such crime this policy brief emphasises the need to undermine the business model of smugglers, including by reducing the demand for smuggling, fighting against corruption and addressing the root causes for irregular migration. For more information on OECD work on human trafficking and migration see:
www.oecd.org/migration/migration-policy-debates.htm
www.oecd.org/gov/ethics/human-trafficking.htm
Human Trafficking in India and various laws prevailing in India dealing with indian legislations and telling about the people various rights and creating awareness in the society. This presentation basically deals with all aspects relating to human trafficking in India.
Human trafficking is a major global problem. An estimated 35.8 million people are enslaved today, with 14.8 million victims in India alone. Human trafficking involves exploiting people through coercion and deception. It occurs due to factors like poverty, gender inequality, lack of legal protections, and demand for cheap labor. Abolishing human trafficking requires efforts like increasing awareness, government support for victims, addressing root causes of poverty, and everyone playing a role through actions like monitoring supply chains and reporting suspicious activity. Coordinated global action is needed to end this human rights violation.
Bifurcating The System
Will splitting the Supreme Court as suggested by
Venkaiah Naidu (left) help steady the disposal
of cases? An analysis by Prof. Upendra Baxi
The document discusses human trafficking and modern slavery. It defines human trafficking as the illegal movement of people for forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation. Sex trafficking specifically involves recruiting, transporting or obtaining people for commercial sex acts. President Obama has called human trafficking "modern slavery." The document discusses how traffickers prey on vulnerabilities and how victims often do not self-identify due to factors like shame, fear or lack of documents. It also outlines services and support that victims of trafficking need.
Human trafficking is a global problem that impacts communities in the United States. The document discusses efforts to raise awareness and support victims of human trafficking. It profiles Mira Sorvino's advocacy work on this issue and highlights resources for the public to get involved in addressing human trafficking through education, reporting suspicious activity, and supporting organizations that help victims.
St. Timothy's Challenge 20/20 Human Trafficking Presentationsarahdaisey
Human trafficking and modern slavery still exist around the world, including in the United States. There are an estimated 27 million people currently enslaved globally. While efforts are being made by governments and organizations to combat human trafficking through legislation and coordination, more resources are needed to fully eradicate slavery. Individuals can help by educating themselves, avoiding goods made by slave labor, and supporting anti-trafficking organizations.
Human trafficking lecture Dr. Olivia Smith olivia smith
The document provides information about human trafficking:
- It defines human trafficking as the trade of humans for forced labor, sexual slavery, or exploitation. This can occur within or between countries.
- Common types of human trafficking include sex trafficking, forced prostitution, labor trafficking in various industries like agriculture, domestic work, and factories.
- Trafficking victims experience physical, emotional and psychological harm like physical wounds, drug addiction, PTSD symptoms, and difficulties with rehabilitation.
This document defines and discusses human trafficking. It begins by defining human trafficking and sex trafficking. It then discusses how President Obama has referred to human trafficking as "modern slavery." It provides statistics on human trafficking victims globally and in the US. It discusses how traffickers prey on vulnerable populations and lure victims. It also outlines current laws against trafficking and resources for reporting trafficking and helping victims.
NLA/NEMA Human Trafficking 101 & Data Issues 10-7-11-post to nlaapanigab2
Human trafficking is defined by international and US law, and includes sex and labor trafficking. The document discusses examples of human trafficking cases in the US and issues with data on the size of the problem. It also reviews US responses to trafficking at both the federal and state level.
Freedom fron Fear October 2008 First Issue. Magazine published by UNICRI and MPIDaniel Dufourt
Freedom fron Fear October 2008 First Issue.
Magazine published by United Nations
Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute
and MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE
for Foreign and International Criminal Law
Human trafficking is defined as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of humans for the purpose of exploitation through force, fraud, or coercion. It is the third largest international crime generating billions of dollars in profit each year. Victims are often lured with false promises of good jobs and better lives, and then forced into labor or commercial sex against their will. Common forms of human trafficking include sex trafficking, labor trafficking, and organ harvesting. Poverty, lack of economic opportunities, and demand for cheap labor or commercial sex are key drivers. The top countries for human trafficking globally are Bangladesh, Brazil, Haiti, Pakistan, India, and Nepal. In India, trafficking is prevalent with victims sourced from
This document discusses human trafficking. It defines human trafficking as the transportation of persons by threat or force for exploitation, such as commercial sex or forced labor. Victims are often women and children. Trafficking is the third largest illicit trade globally. It is a profitable criminal business involving billions of dollars annually. While a global issue, factors like poverty, conflict, lack of opportunity and demand for cheap labor fuel human trafficking around the world.
Are we doing enough to combat one of the most serious human rights violations in today's World? Human trafficking is happening at an alarming rate and is the second most profitable crime: second only to drug trafficking. Raising awareness is the key to making a difference.
Geneva ISP 2006 - International Legal Social Science Research on Human Traffi...Priscila Espinosa
This document provides an overview of human trafficking as a global phenomenon. It discusses how human trafficking has become more complex over time, filling exploitative labor positions beyond just sex work. A key factor in distinguishing trafficking from other exploitative work is whether victims have the ability to quit. The document also outlines the components of human trafficking as typically involving an origin country, transit country, and destination country, though now these roles can sometimes overlap within one country. It aims to inform readers about the realities and complexities of human trafficking as it occurs globally.
Human trafficking involves the use of force, fraud or coercion to exploit people for commercial gain. It is defined as a crime against a person, whereas human smuggling only facilitates illegal border crossings. Trafficking victims are seen as victims under the law, while smuggled individuals are seen as criminals. Common forms of exploitation include sex work, labor, begging, organ removal, child soldiers and domestic servitude. Trafficking is fueled by poverty, lack of opportunities, organized crime and uneven effects of globalization.
Transnational organized crime expands in a tentacular manner, similar to how a kraken attacks ships. Criminal organizations establish distribution routes or "tentacles" across multiple countries to feed their operations. Disrupting one tentacle is not enough, as the criminal networks find ways to maintain control over geographic areas through corrupt officials and established trafficking patterns. International cooperation is needed among law enforcement to develop strategies, like "cooking the kraken in its own ink," to effectively counter transnational criminal threats.
Corruption undermines Venezuelan democracy
Impunit in cases of anonymous threats agains journalists in Venezuela
Constitutional Chamber of Supreme Court favors the government
Pro-government political party physically attacks members of the Democratic Alternative and bars them from speaking in parliament
Human trafficking is a multi-billion dollar criminal industry that transports people illegally across borders for forced labor and sex trafficking. An estimated 800,000-900,000 people worldwide are internationally trafficked each year, the majority being women and children. Human traffickers exploit victims by concealing them in shipping containers for transport, subjecting them to inhumane conditions with risks of death from hypoxia, malnourishment or dehydration. Port security needs training to identify signs of human trafficking in shipping containers to help combat this criminal industry.
Poverty and Commercial Kidnapping in Post Amnesty Niger Deltaijtsrd
This study takes a look at the relationship between poverty and the ever increasing spate of commercial kidnapping in the post amnesty Niger Delta region. Kidnapping for ransom peaked in the region in 2006 with increased activities of the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta MEND and other militant groups, prompting President Yar, Adua to prioritize Niger Delta issues in that Seven Points Agenda, which culminated in the granting of amnesty to repentant militants upon renunciation and return to obedience. In the attempt to answer the question on how poverty influences commercial kidnapping in the Niger Delta region this study deployed the relative deprivation theory as a tool of analysis. The nexus between poverty and commercial kidnapping was established as some other causative factors that influences the menace were noted, including poverty as the chief culprit, unemployment, drug addiction,, cultism and general insecurity in the area. The paper therefore recommended amongst others, poverty alleviation programmes, proactive community policing, expansion of the amnesty programme to accommodate non militant youths in the region and general socio economic and infrastructural development as a panacea for the reduction of crime and criminality. Diri, Benjamin B | Tamunosisi Gogo Jaja "Poverty and Commercial Kidnapping in Post Amnesty Niger Delta" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38260.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/38260/poverty-and-commercial-kidnapping-in-post-amnesty-niger-delta/diri-benjamin-b
Human trafficking is a major problem in Romania, with the country being the second largest source for trafficked individuals next to Ukraine. This is due to Romania's poor economy and young people seeking better opportunities abroad. While human trafficking generates high profits illegally, it seriously harms victims and European society. Romania has implemented anti-trafficking laws and awareness campaigns, but more support is needed from the EU and neighboring countries to curb criminal networks and support victims. Regional cooperation is key to preventing human trafficking to and from Romania.
This document discusses Mexico's capacity to combat transnational organized crime according to the UN Palermo Convention. It argues that Mexico faces significant challenges in complying with the Convention's standards due to weaknesses in its state capacity. Specifically, Mexican laws and institutions are insufficiently equipped to deal with issues like trafficking of persons, smuggling of migrants, arms trafficking, and drug trafficking as defined by the Convention. Without strengthening its ability to respond effectively, Mexico's efforts to combat transnational crime will be in vain and democracy will suffer.
Can we put an end to human smuggling? OECD Policy BriefOECD Governance
Policy Brief analysing the factors that facilitate human trafficking, as well as the known smuggling routes to OECD countries. Synthesising the evidence and reviewing current policy tools for tackling such crime this policy brief emphasises the need to undermine the business model of smugglers, including by reducing the demand for smuggling, fighting against corruption and addressing the root causes for irregular migration. For more information on OECD work on human trafficking and migration see:
www.oecd.org/migration/migration-policy-debates.htm
www.oecd.org/gov/ethics/human-trafficking.htm
Human Trafficking in India and various laws prevailing in India dealing with indian legislations and telling about the people various rights and creating awareness in the society. This presentation basically deals with all aspects relating to human trafficking in India.
Human trafficking is a major global problem. An estimated 35.8 million people are enslaved today, with 14.8 million victims in India alone. Human trafficking involves exploiting people through coercion and deception. It occurs due to factors like poverty, gender inequality, lack of legal protections, and demand for cheap labor. Abolishing human trafficking requires efforts like increasing awareness, government support for victims, addressing root causes of poverty, and everyone playing a role through actions like monitoring supply chains and reporting suspicious activity. Coordinated global action is needed to end this human rights violation.
Bifurcating The System
Will splitting the Supreme Court as suggested by
Venkaiah Naidu (left) help steady the disposal
of cases? An analysis by Prof. Upendra Baxi
The document discusses human trafficking and modern slavery. It defines human trafficking as the illegal movement of people for forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation. Sex trafficking specifically involves recruiting, transporting or obtaining people for commercial sex acts. President Obama has called human trafficking "modern slavery." The document discusses how traffickers prey on vulnerabilities and how victims often do not self-identify due to factors like shame, fear or lack of documents. It also outlines services and support that victims of trafficking need.
Human trafficking is a global problem that impacts communities in the United States. The document discusses efforts to raise awareness and support victims of human trafficking. It profiles Mira Sorvino's advocacy work on this issue and highlights resources for the public to get involved in addressing human trafficking through education, reporting suspicious activity, and supporting organizations that help victims.
St. Timothy's Challenge 20/20 Human Trafficking Presentationsarahdaisey
Human trafficking and modern slavery still exist around the world, including in the United States. There are an estimated 27 million people currently enslaved globally. While efforts are being made by governments and organizations to combat human trafficking through legislation and coordination, more resources are needed to fully eradicate slavery. Individuals can help by educating themselves, avoiding goods made by slave labor, and supporting anti-trafficking organizations.
Human trafficking incidence in rwanda its challenges, prevention and controlJohnGacinya
Rwandans like any other people in the rest of the world, suffer physically and psychologically during and after the transportation of victims of human trafficking to other parts of the world. It is observed that, occupational hazards in industries pose danger to the lives of victims of labour trafficking. It is also noted that sexually-abused victims of human trafficking risk catching HIV/AIDS pandemic. Ignorance, poverty, family conflicts and gender inequality have been found to be some of the key ‘push’ factors that drive individuals to seek economic opportunities elsewhere other than their home areas
Human Trafficking Incidence in Rwanda: Its Challenges, Prevention and ControlJohnGacinya
The main objective of the present study was to analyse the challenges faced by the Government of Rwanda its efforts to prevent and control the incidence of human trafficking in the country.
A Critical Analysis Of Cross-Border Human Trafficking An Opportunity For The...Amy Cernava
This document provides a critical analysis of cross-border human trafficking. It defines cross-border trafficking as the recruitment and movement of people across international borders against their will for exploitation, as outlined in the UN Protocol of 2000. An estimated 800,000 people are trafficked across borders annually. Most victims come from developing countries in regions like the Balkans, former Soviet Union, Brazil, Colombia, and Africa, while most are trafficked to developed regions like Western Europe, North America, and the Middle East. Economic factors, proximity, organized crime, and inequality between origin and destination countries all contribute to cross-border trafficking flows.
This document discusses the issue of modern-day human trafficking and slavery. It notes that there are an estimated 27 million people currently enslaved worldwide, more than at any other time in history. Human trafficking is a $32 billion industry that exploits victims for forced labor, sex work, and other forms of exploitation. While trafficking occurs all over the world, the document outlines that it is a particular problem in the United States, with over 100,000 women and children trafficked into the country each year. Steps that individuals and organizations can take to fight human trafficking are presented.
Human trafficking is a complex issue involving the exploitation of millions of people worldwide for financial gain through forced labor and sexual exploitation. It has grown substantially since the 1980s as an illegal business generating billions in profits for criminal organizations. While both men and women can be victims of trafficking, women and children are most commonly exploited through practices like forced prostitution, domestic servitude, and forced child labor. Poverty, lack of opportunities, gender inequality, and demand for cheap labor and sex are key drivers of the trafficking industry. Many countries have enacted laws against trafficking but enforcement remains a challenge due to the transnational and underground nature of the crime.
This document discusses human trafficking and modern slavery. It provides definitions and statistics on human trafficking globally and within the EU. An estimated 27 million people are living in slavery today, with more slaves now than at any point in history. Human trafficking involves exploiting people through force, fraud or coercion for forced labor, sex work, slavery or removal of organs. It is a serious global problem and criminal enterprise, especially within parts of Asia and Africa. The EU and its member states aim to address trafficking through prevention, protection and prosecution efforts, but these efforts vary in their effectiveness between countries.
The document summarizes key findings from a press conference on human trafficking in Canada given by Prof. Benjamin Perrin. It discusses the definition of human trafficking, findings on sex trafficking and forced labor in Canada, the role of technology like Craigslist, demand for trafficking, and recommendations to improve Canada's response, including establishing a national action plan and increasing support for victims.
Human Trafficking @CanStopCrime It's Happening Here Don't Close Your Eyes Scott Mills
The document discusses human trafficking as a modern form of slavery that generates tens of billions in profits annually. It affects all regions and involves extensive criminal networks. Trafficking exploits vulnerable people through force, deception and threats. While often crossing borders, trafficking does not require movement and can occur locally or within communities.
Human trafficking involves the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons through force, coercion or deception for the purpose of exploitation. It is a serious crime and violation of human rights. The UN estimates thousands of victims are trafficked internationally each year from their home countries to destinations around the world. Common types of human trafficking include sex trafficking, involuntary domestic servitude, forced labor, debt bondage, child soldiers, child sex trafficking, child labor and organ harvesting. The Philippines is affected by human trafficking as a source, transit and destination country involving both domestic and international trafficking.
The document is the 2012 Global Report on Trafficking in Persons published by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). It provides information on trafficking patterns, flows, victims, and traffickers globally and by region based on officially reported data. Key findings include that at least 136 nationalities were trafficked to 118 countries between 2007-2010, and the percentage of detected child victims increased from 20% in 2003-2006 to 27% in 2007-2010. Regional trends and challenges to effective responses are also examined, such as low conviction rates compared to other crimes. The report aims to further understanding of human trafficking to strengthen policies and criminal justice responses.
Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2012Daniel Dufourt
The document is the 2012 Global Report on Trafficking in Persons published by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). It provides information on trafficking patterns, flows, victims, traffickers and forms of exploitation globally and by region based on officially reported data from 2007-2010. Key findings include that at least 136 nationalities were trafficked to 118 countries, and the percentage of detected child victims increased from 20% in 2003-2006 to 27% in 2007-2010. Regional trends and challenges responding to trafficking are also examined, such as low conviction rates globally similar to rare crimes in some countries. The report aims to further understanding of human trafficking to inform criminal justice responses and policies.
Similar to Preventing Human Trafficking Global Issue Calling Canada (15)
2. 2
Though the act of exploiting human beings through
forced labour is an ancient practice, human
trafficking was only recently established as a
criminal act. In 2000, the United Nations adopted
the Palermo Protocol, marking the first time
this form of modern slavery was defined in an
international treaty. Since then, 140 countries
have criminalized human trafficking.
The UN defines human trafficking as “the
recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring
or receipt of persons, by means of threat or
use of force or other forms of coercion… for the
purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include,
at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution
of others or other forms of sexual exploitation,
forced labour or services, slavery or practices
similar to slavery.”2
What motivates traffickers to prey on the most
vulnerable members of society? Like most
crimes, it’s money. No country, regardless
of socio-economic status, history or political
structure, is untouched by the exploitation of
people for monetary profit.
Human trafficking occurs around the corner and
around the world—in urban centres, rural areas,
developing countries and first world nations.
The victims—often women, children and at-risk
youth—are lured with false promises of well-
paying jobs or manipulated by people they trust.
Despite its pervasiveness and the millions believed
to be victims, only 418 cases of forced labour
were prosecuted globally in 2014.3
And the toll
of inaction is steep: in the sex trafficking trade
alone, an estimated 30,000 people die each
year from abuse, disease, torture and neglect.4
The financial sector can play a role in helping
victims of human trafficking and support the role
of law enforcement by knowing how to detect
suspicious financial activities that are often
associated with this nefarious enterprise.
Whatishuman
trafficking?
Did you know slavery still occurs in the 21st century? The
modern face of slavery is human trafficking. As the second
largest illicit business in the world (after drug trafficking),
human trafficking yields an estimated $150 billion in
illicit profits each year through criminal enslavement and
exploitation of an estimated 21 million people worldwide.
It is also among the world’s most underreported crimes.1
1
International Labour Office (ILO). Profits and Poverty: The Economics of Forced Labour (2014), 45. Accessed at http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/-
--declaration/documents/publication/wcms_243391.pdf on September 14, 2016.
2
United Nations. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons (November 2000), Article 3, paragraph (a). Accessed at http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Profes-
sionalInterest/Pages/ProtocolTraffickingInPersons.aspx on September 14, 2016.
3
US Department of State. Trafficking in Persons Report (July 2015), 48. Accessed at http://www.state.gov/documents/organization /245365.pdf on September 14, 2016.
4
US Department of Homeland Security. “Using a financial attack strategy to combat human trafficking” (January 29, 2015). Accessed at https://www.ice.gov/news/releases/
using-financial-attack-strategy-combat-human-trafficking on September 14, 2016.
3. 3
Unlike many of those who are smuggled,
trafficked persons are deprived of their liberty
and forced to provide free labour or services.
Traffickers will often destroy the identification
or travel documents of their victims to protect
themselves and control the victims, which is
not usually the case with smuggling.
However, it’s possible for smuggled persons to
become unwitting victims of trafficking. Consider
this example: A young woman named Bianca
was told through family friends that she could
find work as a nanny in Canada for $120 a week.
Armed with fraudulent personal documents,
Bianca arrived in Canada weeks later. She knew
her immigration was illegal, but she needed
the money and was willing to take the risk.
Was Bianca smuggled or trafficked?
Bianca was knowingly, illegally smuggled
into Canada.
However, upon arrival in Canada, Bianca was
forced to stay in the smuggler’s basement,
isolated, and warned she would be turned over
to the authorities if she told anyone of her plight.
Threatened with deportation and forced to work
as an unpaid slave, Bianca had become a victim
of human trafficking.
Humantraffickingand
humansmuggling What’s the difference?
5
United Nations. Protocol Against The Smuggling Of Migrants (November 2000), Article 3, paragraph (a). Accessed at https://www.unodc.org/documents/southeastasiaand-
pacific/2011/04/som-indonesia/convention_smug_eng.pdf on September 14, 2016.
6
U.S. Department of State. “Fact Sheet: Distinctions Between Human Smuggling and Human Trafficking” (January 1, 2006). Accessed at http://www.state.gov/m/ds/hstcen-
ter/90434.htm on September 14, 2016.
SMUGGLING TRAFFICKING
• The person being smuggled is
generally cooperating
• There is no actual or implied coercion and the
person smuggled is complicit in the crime
• The person is free to leave, change jobs, etc.
• Smuggling always crosses an international border
• Always contains an element of force, fraud
or coercion
• Involves either forced labour and/or exploitation
• Victim is enslaved, isolated and/or documents
confiscated
• May be a local crime; does not necessarily
cross an international border
Human trafficking is often confused with human smuggling, but they
are not the same. The UN defines the “smuggling of migrants” as the
“procurement, in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other
material benefit, of the illegal entry of a person into a State Party of which
the person is not a national or a permanent resident.”5
In other words, the
person illegally enters a state where they are not a national or resident. The
smuggled person generally cooperates freely with the smuggler, consenting
to the activity and paying large sums of money to their smugglers.
Differences between human smuggling and human trafficking6
4. Combattinghuman
traffickinginCanada
The current landscape
When it comes to human trafficking, “Canada is primarily a destination
country, and domestic human trafficking for sexual exploitation is the
most common form of human trafficking in Canada.”
For the most part, “sex trafficking is perpetrated
by criminally inclined individuals who recruit and
traffic domestically and, to a lesser extent, [by]
OCGs [organized crime groups], some of which
only recruit and traffic domestically, while others
recruit and traffic domestically and internationally.”7
Across Canada, there are many victims of
commercial sexual exploitation, the majority of
which are aboriginal women and at-risk youth.8
To address the crimes associated with human
trafficking and sexual slavery, Canada launched
a unique public-private partnership in January
2016. Led by major banks, Canada’s financial
intelligence unit FINTRAC, and law enforcement
agencies, the partnership strategy focuses on both
awareness initiatives and the identification of
suspected traffickers through continuous feedback
between the partners regarding evolving indicators
and red flags.
Previously siloed efforts are now shared among the
partners, greatly enhancing law enforcement
efforts. This partnership has already made a
tremendous impact in combatting human
trafficking. In the four-month period between
its launch in January 2016 and April 2016,
disclosures to law enforcement were equal to all
of those in 2015—an increase of 400 percent.9
7
Department of Finance Canada. “Assessment of Inherent Risks of Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing in Canada” (July, 2015). Accessed at http://www.fin.gc.ca/pub/
mltf-rpcfat/index-eng.asp on September 20, 2016.
8
The Public Safety Canada. “National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking” Accessed at http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/ntnl-ctn-pln-cmbt/index-eng.
aspx on September 23, 2016
9
ACAMS Today. “Peter Warrack and Constable Lepa Jankovic: Raising Awareness about Human Trafficking” (May 27, 2016). Accessed at http://www.acamstoday.org/
warrack-jankovic-raising-awareness-human-trafficking/ on September 14, 2016.
10
Government of Ontario. “Ontario Taking Steps to End Human Trafficking” (June 30, 2016). Accessed at https://news.ontario.ca/owd/en/2016/06/ontario-taking-steps-to-
end-human-trafficking.html on September 14, 2016
• Prevention and community supports: Increase awareness of
human trafficking, build knowledge of how to intervene safely,
and improve community services such as housing, counselling
and job skills training to meet the immediate and long-term
needs of survivors.
• Enhanced justice sector: Make smart investments to improve
the identification, investigation and prosecution of human
trafficking cases.
• Indigenous-led approaches: Support distinct, culturally-relevant
services which are designed, developed and delivered jointly
with indigenous partners.
• Provincial coordination and leadership: The plan is to establish
a Provincial Anti-Human Trafficking Coordination Office to
coordinate collaboration and information sharing across
sectors such as law enforcement, justice, social, health,
education and child welfare.
Ontario announces a new strategy to fight human trafficking
Ontario is a major centre for human trafficking in Canada, accounting for roughly 65 percent of police-reported cases in
Canada.10
In June 2016, the government of Ontario announced a $72 million strategy to combat human trafficking, focused
on increasing public awareness, identifying perpetrators and enhancing access to services across four key action areas:
4
5. Traffickers exploit the
financial sector as well
Human trafficking is a hugely profitable business, but where does
the money go? The fact is, human trafficking activities usually involve
money laundering through our legitimate financial system.11
While individual traffickers tend to launder cash
“for immediate personal use, leveraging a very
limited or non-existent network, and using a
limited number of sectors and methods,” criminal
groups can be much more sophisticated, “using
established money-laundering infrastructure to
launder proceeds.” Even lower level groups can
be quite effective, as “they may have access to
venues to facilitate money laundering (e.g., strip
clubs and massage parlors) as well as victims
that can be used as nominees for deposits and
wire transfers.”12
For example, to try and avoid detection, funds are
wired through financial institutions, including banks,
credit unions and money services businesses
and across borders. In recent cases, human
trafficking gangs were found to have used money
services businesses to pay off transporters,
prepaid cards to move funds across borders and
individual bank accounts to funnel profits back to
gang leaders.13
Human traffickers try to move funds quickly,
cheaply and anonymously across large geographic
areas through the use of interstate funnel accounts.
In this scenario, the straw account holder opens
an account at a large financial institution and
makes deposits in increments of under $10,000,
which are not normally subject to reporting
requirements and/or under $3,000 which do not
require identification. The cash is immediately
withdrawn by a member of the transnational
criminal organization in another jurisdiction.
11
Christine Duhaime. “A primer on human trafficking, human smuggling and money laundering” (December 4th, 2010). Accessed at http://www.antimoneylaunderinglaw.com/
2010/12/connection-between-human-trafficking-and-money-laundering.html on September 14, 2016.
12
Department of Finance Canada. “Assessment of Inherent Risks of Money Laundering . . .” (July, 2015).
13
Kyra gurney for InSight Crime. “Canada Drug Trafficking Groups Expanding Mexico Ties” (September 12, 2014). Accessed at http://www.insightcrime.org/news-analysis/
canada-drug-trafficking-groups-expanding-mexico-ties on September 14, 2016.
14
http://www.acfcs.org/in-global-battle-against-human-trafficking-financialinstitutions-lead-the-way
15
http://www.acfcs.org/in-global-battle-against-human-trafficking-financial-institutions-lead-the-way/
Following the money trail
In an effort to combat this crime, financial institutions are
going beyond their standard anti-money laundering (AML)
protocols to flush out human trafficking activity. In partnership
with IT vendors, they are developing transaction monitoring
techniques designed to detect human trafficking activity.14
Reliable rules and typologies capture specific patterns and
behaviours for suspected human trafficking financial activities,
especially in the use of pre-paid cards and virtual currencies.
Financial services providers can also leverage many of the
existing controls they have in place to detect illicit proceeds.
Human traffickers often use cash-intensive businesses, hawala
(a system of money transfer based on promises and honour,
practiced in the Middle East and parts of Asia and Africa), front
companies, comingling of proceeds of crime with legitimately
earned funds, aliases, straw men and false documents to
accomplish their crime.15
Financial services professionals can be a powerful force in
helping law enforcement detect human trafficking. With the
proper training and awareness, they are in a unique position
to help identify and monitor unusual transaction activity and
to observe unusual customer behaviour.
Humantraffickingas
afinancialcrime
5
6. Listed below are a number of financial activity indicators or “red flags”
that may assist the financial services sector in identifying instances of
human smuggling and human trafficking.
Recognizingthefinancialred
flagsforhumantrafficking
CUSTOMER PROFILE RED FLAGS
• A customer establishes an account or
visits a branch to conduct transactions
while always escorted by a third party.
This third party has possession of the
customer’s identification.
• Common signer(s)/custodian(s) in
apparently unrelated business and/or
personal accounts. Similarly, common
information (e.g., address, phone number,
employment information) used to open multiple
accounts in different names.
• Accounts of foreign workers or students
where the employer or employment
agency serves as a custodian.
• A business customer does not exhibit normal
payroll expenditures (e.g., wages, payroll
taxes, social security contributions). Payroll
costs can be non-existent or extremely low for
the size of the customer’s alleged operation,
workforce and/or business line/model.
TRANSACTIONAL RED FLAGS: business profile inconsistencies
• Substantial deductions to wages. A customer
with a business may deduct large amounts from
the wages of its employees alleging extensive
charges (housing and food costs), where the
employees only receive a small fraction of their
wages. This may occur before or after the
payment of wages.
• Client gives instructions to send funds
accompanied by other individuals who
appear to be holding identity documents
for them. Several women/men are
accompanied by one or a few individuals
who appear to be older than they are.
• Client defers to a man or older woman
to speak for them.
• If client speaks, they appear to be
coached. Their answers seem scripted
and rehearsed.
• Client cannot identify their current locale
or give their address unless confirming
with another individual.
• Client avoids eye contact, especially
with a “boyfriend” or individual that is
accompanying them.
• Client may exhibit signs of abuse, such as
bruises, cuts, burns, scars, poor personal
hygiene, or appear malnourished.
• Victims show signs of poor hygiene,
fatigue and sleep deprivation.
• Suspicious tattoos, marks or branding,
or two or more individuals share the same
tattoo; on girls this may appear on their hands,
neck or lip indicating ownership.
CUSTOMER INTERACTION RED FLAGS
1.
3.
2.
6
7. • Frequent transactions, inconsistent with
expected activity and/or line of business,
carried out by a business customer in an
apparent effort to provide sustenance to
individuals (e.g., payment for housing,
lodging, regular vehicle rentals, purchases
of large amounts of food).
• When payroll cheques are cashed, the
majority of the funds are kept by the
employer or are deposited back into
the employer’s account. This activity may
be detected by those that have access to
pay stubs and payroll records.
• Transactional activity inconsistent with a
customer’s alleged employment, business
or expected activity, or where transactions
lack a business or apparent lawful purpose.
• Cash deposits or wire transfers are kept
below $1,000 in apparent efforts to avoid
record-keeping requirements.
• Structured transactions or higher dollar
and frequency of transactions to High Risk
Country destinations with higher rates of
human trafficking, sexual slavery or
associated with sexual tourism and
prostitution (i.e., Colombia, Costa Rica,
Netherlands, Laos, Thailand, Dominican
Republic and Philippines).
• The customer’s account appears to
function as a funnel account, where cash
deposits occur in cities/states/provinces
where the customer does not reside or
conduct business. Funds are frequently
withdrawn the same day the deposits are made.
• Multiple, apparently unrelated, customers
send wire transfers to the same beneficiary.
These wire senders may also use similar
transactional information including, but not
limited to, a common address and phone
number. When questioned to the extent
circumstances allow, the wire senders may
have no apparent relation to the recipient of the
funds or know the purpose of the wire transfers.
TRANSACTIONAL RED FLAGS: personal profile inconsistencies
• Inflows are largely received in cash where
substantial cash receipts are inconsistent
with the customer’s line of business.
Extensive use of cash to purchase assets
and to conduct transactions.
• Transactions conducted by individuals,
escorted by a third party (e.g., under the
pretext of requiring an interpreter), to transfer
funds (that may seem to be their salaries) to
other countries.
• Frequent payments to online escort services
for advertising, including small posting
fees to companies of online classifieds
as well as more expensive, higher-end
advertising and website hosting companies.
• Payments to employment or student
recruitment agencies that are not licensed/
registered or that have labour violations.
• Unexplained/unjustified lifestyle
incommensurate with employment or
business line. Profits/deposits significantly
greater than that of peers in similar professions/
business lines.
• Multiple remittances to the same tour
operators located in High Risk Country
destinations with higher rates/occurrences
of human trafficking and sexual slavery.
(It is important that name scrubbing and
enhanced due diligence is performed on these
tour operators as many are possibly involved
in the sexual tourism industry.)
• Frequent visits or travel to human
trafficking and sexual slavery geographic
hub destinations by clients with no clear or
apparent/purpose and/or with higher than
normal frequency and volume of funds.
• Remittances to modelling or acting
companies located in High Risk Country
destinations with higher rates/occurrences
of human trafficking and sexual slavery.
4.
7