The document discusses the evolution of MOOC certification and credentialing from stage 1 of course certificates to stage 4 of accredited learning pathways. It outlines Federica's experience with early partnerships providing certification via Coursera and edX courses. Federica has since developed an in-house system awarding certificates and badges for its own courses. The document also covers recent European trends in microcredentials and Federica's key partnerships in Italy providing certification for public sector training.