2. HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• H = Infects only Human beings
• I = Immunodeficiency virus weakens
the immune system and increases the
risk of infection
• V = Virus that attacks the body
3. What is HIV?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
A virus spread through body fluids and affects specific cells of the
immune system, called CD4 cells or T cells.
A virus that kills the CD4 cells (T cells) damaging the immune
system.
A virus that replicates inside the human body, so it must invade a healthy cell in
the body to survive.
4. Classification
Family : Retroviridae
Sub family : Orthoretrovirinae
Genus : lentivirus
Species : HIV1/HIV2
5. HIV1/HIV2
HIV-1 and HIV-2 are
Transmitted through the same routes
Associated with similar opportunistic infections
HIV-1 is more common worldwide
HIV-2 is found in West Africa, Mozambique,
and Angola
HIV-2 is less easily transmitted
HIV-2 is less pathogenic
Duration of HIV-2 infection is shorter
6. Transmission of HIV
HIV is transmitted by
Direct contact with infected blood
Sexual contact: oral, anal, or vaginal
Direct contact with semen or vaginal
and
cervical secretions
HIV-infected mothers to infants during
pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding
9. HIV and AIDS
When the immune system
becomes weakened by HIV, the
illness progresses to AIDS
Some blood tests, symptoms or
certain infections indicate
progression of HIV to AIDS
