Factors Affecting Farmers’ Intention to Use Rhizobium Inoculant Technology in...Premier Publishers
This study was done in the Northern Region of Ghana (Tolon and Savelegu) in the 2017. Primary data on factors that affect farmers’ intention to use rhizobium inoculant technology were collected among 210 respondents using questionnaires. Secondary data was also obtained from SARI, IITA as well as IFDC offices respectively. Theory of Planed Behaviour model was employed to assess factors that affect farmers’ intention to use rhizobium inoculant technology and the data analysed using multiples linear regression, Pearson correlation and frequencies and percentage. Overall, 74.3% of farmers are willing to use rhizobium inoculants for their farming operation in the Northern Region of Ghana. This suggest that farmers would buy rhizobium inoculant if made available to them at the community level. Furthermore, considering the variables in Theory of Planed Behaviour, which influences farmers’ intention to use rhizobium inoculant, promoters of the technology as well as extension had a significant influence on farmers’ decision to use. Though, farmer themselves could not influence their colleague since, there equally lack adequate knowledge on the technology.
1) The document summarizes the results of an impact evaluation of the Innovation for Agribusiness (InovAgro) Project in Northern Mozambique.
2) The evaluation used a difference-in-differences empirical strategy with propensity score matching to estimate the impact of the project on outcomes like adoption of farm practices, access to market information, and household welfare.
3) Key challenges in evaluating the project's impact included its market systems development approach, which aimed to have systemic effects, and potential spillovers between treated and untreated communities.
Hoseana Ghebru and Jenny Smart
WORKSHOP
Market Systems Development Best Practices Dissemination Workshop
Co-Organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), and Development Alternatives Inc. (DAI)
JUL 18, 2019 - 08:00 AM TO 03:15 PM CAT
Solution space for sustainable intensification in Bougouniafrica-rising
Poster prepared by Mary Ollenburger, Katrien Descheemaeker, Todd Crane and Ken Giller for the AfrIca RISING West Africa Review and Planning Meeting, Accra, 30 March–1 April 2016
This document analyzes the cost-benefit of various agricultural interventions in Rajasthan, India. It examines interventions related to certified seed adoption, crop diversification, soil health cards, and improving extension services with ICT. For each intervention, it discusses the problem, proposed solution, estimated costs and benefits, and benefit-cost ratios. The analysis finds that all interventions have benefit-cost ratios greater than 1, indicating the interventions would provide net economic benefits to farmers in Rajasthan if implemented. Certified seed adoption and improving extension services through ICT had the highest estimated benefit-cost ratios of 20 and 3.6, respectively.
Evaluating economic impacts of agricultural research ciatCIAT
This document discusses key issues in evaluating the economic impacts of agricultural research through examples and lessons. It covers:
1) Identifying the counterfactual scenario of what would have happened without the research through various estimation approaches.
2) Managing the assessment of multiple objectives like productivity, poverty reduction, environment, and health.
3) Addressing aggregation of impacts at different levels from field to national.
4) The importance of integrating impact assessment with institutional research data management systems.
This document outlines the objectives of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices and discusses integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) specifically. It finds that while ISFM achieves CSA objectives of increasing productivity, adaptation, and mitigation, its adoption rate is the lowest. This is dubbed "the unholy cross." Reasons for low adoption include labor intensity of ISFM, high fertilizer costs, and weak extension promoting organics. The document recommends increasing extension/marketing budgets, training agents, converting fertilizer subsidies to payments for ecosystem services, and investing in storage/marketing to increase ISFM adoption.
Factors Affecting Farmers’ Intention to Use Rhizobium Inoculant Technology in...Premier Publishers
This study was done in the Northern Region of Ghana (Tolon and Savelegu) in the 2017. Primary data on factors that affect farmers’ intention to use rhizobium inoculant technology were collected among 210 respondents using questionnaires. Secondary data was also obtained from SARI, IITA as well as IFDC offices respectively. Theory of Planed Behaviour model was employed to assess factors that affect farmers’ intention to use rhizobium inoculant technology and the data analysed using multiples linear regression, Pearson correlation and frequencies and percentage. Overall, 74.3% of farmers are willing to use rhizobium inoculants for their farming operation in the Northern Region of Ghana. This suggest that farmers would buy rhizobium inoculant if made available to them at the community level. Furthermore, considering the variables in Theory of Planed Behaviour, which influences farmers’ intention to use rhizobium inoculant, promoters of the technology as well as extension had a significant influence on farmers’ decision to use. Though, farmer themselves could not influence their colleague since, there equally lack adequate knowledge on the technology.
1) The document summarizes the results of an impact evaluation of the Innovation for Agribusiness (InovAgro) Project in Northern Mozambique.
2) The evaluation used a difference-in-differences empirical strategy with propensity score matching to estimate the impact of the project on outcomes like adoption of farm practices, access to market information, and household welfare.
3) Key challenges in evaluating the project's impact included its market systems development approach, which aimed to have systemic effects, and potential spillovers between treated and untreated communities.
Hoseana Ghebru and Jenny Smart
WORKSHOP
Market Systems Development Best Practices Dissemination Workshop
Co-Organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), and Development Alternatives Inc. (DAI)
JUL 18, 2019 - 08:00 AM TO 03:15 PM CAT
Solution space for sustainable intensification in Bougouniafrica-rising
Poster prepared by Mary Ollenburger, Katrien Descheemaeker, Todd Crane and Ken Giller for the AfrIca RISING West Africa Review and Planning Meeting, Accra, 30 March–1 April 2016
This document analyzes the cost-benefit of various agricultural interventions in Rajasthan, India. It examines interventions related to certified seed adoption, crop diversification, soil health cards, and improving extension services with ICT. For each intervention, it discusses the problem, proposed solution, estimated costs and benefits, and benefit-cost ratios. The analysis finds that all interventions have benefit-cost ratios greater than 1, indicating the interventions would provide net economic benefits to farmers in Rajasthan if implemented. Certified seed adoption and improving extension services through ICT had the highest estimated benefit-cost ratios of 20 and 3.6, respectively.
Evaluating economic impacts of agricultural research ciatCIAT
This document discusses key issues in evaluating the economic impacts of agricultural research through examples and lessons. It covers:
1) Identifying the counterfactual scenario of what would have happened without the research through various estimation approaches.
2) Managing the assessment of multiple objectives like productivity, poverty reduction, environment, and health.
3) Addressing aggregation of impacts at different levels from field to national.
4) The importance of integrating impact assessment with institutional research data management systems.
This document outlines the objectives of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices and discusses integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) specifically. It finds that while ISFM achieves CSA objectives of increasing productivity, adaptation, and mitigation, its adoption rate is the lowest. This is dubbed "the unholy cross." Reasons for low adoption include labor intensity of ISFM, high fertilizer costs, and weak extension promoting organics. The document recommends increasing extension/marketing budgets, training agents, converting fertilizer subsidies to payments for ecosystem services, and investing in storage/marketing to increase ISFM adoption.
Unemployment has increased in Europe and inequality has risen in the United States. Signs of economic troubles worldwide include rising unemployment, greater inequality in wealth distribution, and higher poverty rates. This "lost generation" of workers without jobs may turn to crimes, drug abuse, and violence against immigrants as extremist political groups gain popularity. Possible causes include relationships between developed and developing countries, rapid technology changes, and skilled immigrant workers. Nations should improve citizens' lives through tailored economic solutions.
Farmer suicides have been a major issue in India since the 1990s. The document discusses the key causes of farmer suicides as monsoon failure, high debt, crop failure, lack of irrigation, declining prices of crops coupled with increasing input costs, and poverty. It provides statistics showing that states like Maharashtra and Kerala have seen thousands of farmer suicides annually, with debt being a factor in over 80% of cases and average debt levels of Rs. 50,000. Suggested solutions include more crop insurance, profitable prices for farmers, increased access to credit, and support for inputs.
The document discusses reasons for farmer suicides in India, including dependence on monsoons with little irrigation, indebtedness from high-interest loans, rising costs of cultivation, and failure of loan waiver policies to provide long-term solutions. Key statistics show that on average one farmer committed suicide every 32 minutes between 1997-2005, with rates as high as one every 8 hours in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. Most suicides occurred among farmers between 20-45 years old.
Farmers' suicides are a major problem in India. Some key points:
- Indebtedness is the main reason for 93% of farmer suicides. High interest rates from money lenders and crop failures lead to mounting debts.
- Other major causes include lack of irrigation, unpredictable monsoons, rising input costs, and social issues like dowry for daughters.
- On average, 38 Indian farmers commit suicide every day - one every 30 minutes. Suicides have ripple effects on families and communities.
- To prevent further suicides, long term solutions are needed like income guarantees, crop insurance, access to credit, and promoting sustainable agriculture practices. The government must address the root
Thesis defense presentation of Justin Phillips (SDSU). "The Role of Relatedness and Autonomy in Motivation of Youth Physical Activity: A Self-Determination Perspective."
Powerpoint presentation M.A. Thesis DefenceCatie Chase
This document summarizes a research study that examined self-determination in post-secondary students with learning disabilities based on whether they were identified as having an LD in primary/secondary school or as an adult. The study found no statistically significant differences in self-determination, as measured by a self-determination scale, between the two groups of students. The discussion considers limitations of the study related to measurement, sample size, and sampling biases. Implications are discussed for further examining the relationship between time of LD identification and self-determination with more reliable measures and larger sample sizes.
Science Forum 2013 (www.scienceforum13.org)
Plenary session: Evaluating nutrition and health outcomes of agriculture
Matin Qaim, University of Gottingen, main presentation
The document discusses the roles of input policies in transforming agriculture in Indonesia. It analyzes key drivers of changes to seed and fertilizer policies from the 1950s to present. Input use grew rapidly under policies promoting the Green Revolution but led to imbalanced fertilizer use, reducing efficiency. Current policy processes involve more complex economic and political interests with decentralized government. The document recommends continuing to improve subsidy accuracy, evaluating an exit strategy, and shifting to more decentralized subsidies while reviving agricultural extension roles.
BASIS Director, Michael Carter, presented on the topic of temporary subsidies, savings and the adoption of improved technologies at the USAID Ag Sector Forum in March of 2015.
Strategies for Doubling the Farmers Income Through Temperate Fruit Crops Tawseef Baba
The document discusses strategies for doubling farmers' incomes in India through the cultivation of temperate fruit crops. It outlines Prime Minister Modi's goal of doubling farmers' incomes by 2022. Currently, over 20% of rural households earn less than the poverty line, and farming is uneconomical for many with small landholdings. The document then proposes several strategies to achieve this goal for temperate fruits, including enhancing crop productivity through improved varieties; efficient resource management with protected cultivation and precision farming; enhancing fruit quality; developing climate-resilient technologies; integrated pest management; minimizing post-harvest losses; and conducting marketing and economics research.
Economic analysis of fertilizer options for maize production in Tanzaniaafrica-rising
Poster prepared by Bekele Kotu, Job Kihara, Yangole Luanda, Stephen Lyimo, Mateete Bekunda, Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon for the Africa RISING ESA Project Review and Planning Meeting, Lilongwe, Malawi, 3–5 October 2018
Madhur Gautam, David Laborde, Abdullah Mamun, Will Martin, Valeria Piñeiro, Rob Vos
POLICY SEMINAR
Can agricultural policies deliver better value for money for people, the planet, and the economy?
Co-Organized by IFPRI and World Bank Group
FEB 2, 2022 - 9:30 TO 11:00AM EST
Ouma - Technology adoption in banana-legume systems of Central AfricaCIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
The document outlines Cambodia's agricultural transformation over the past 10 years and identifies opportunities and risks going forward. Key changes include increased productivity, expansion of rice milling, changing labor patterns, and infrastructure growth. Driving forces were policy reforms, investment, technology adoption, and higher food prices. Sustaining growth requires improving the business environment, public-private partnerships, skills development, and strategic national programs. The diagnostic study will analyze four commodities across regions using surveys, focus groups, and comparing to a previous study to inform Cambodia's agricultural roadmap.
This document analyzes the technical efficiency of soybean production among smallholder farmers in central Malawi. It finds that farmers achieve only 40% of potential yields due to low efficiency. A study was conducted using a stochastic production frontier model on 300 farmers to assess efficiency levels and its determinants. It finds the average efficiency is 78.9% with some farmers over 80% efficient. Efficiency is influenced by factors like modern seed use, education levels, and extension contacts. The study recommends improving farmers' access to seeds, extension services, and encouraging group activities to enhance efficiency.
Doubling Farmers’ Income through animal agriculture: Need for policy changeILRI
Presented by Habibur Rahman, Vijayalakshmy Kennady and Braja B Swain (ILRI), at the International Conference on Doubling the Farmers Income, Assam Agricultural University, Assam, India, 27–28 February 2019
Dr. Emmanuel Orkoh_2023 AGRODEP Annual Conference - Parallel Session IIIaAKADEMIYA2063
This document summarizes a study on the impact of Namibia's COVID-19 Emergency Income Grant on household food security. The study used a survey of 250 households to collect data. Key findings include:
1) The income grant benefited 39% of households, with higher receipt among female-headed and less educated households.
2) Propensity score matching estimates found the grant significantly improved household food security, as measured by two indices.
3) Effects were larger for female-headed households, suggesting the grant particularly helped vulnerable groups.
4) Over half of households reported being satisfied with the income grant policy. Satisfaction levels were similar across demographic groups.
In 3 sentences, this summary
This document provides a value for money analysis of CRP investments from 2017-2022 based on their alignment with SRF targets. It analyzes pre-proposals across several dimensions: how well outcome targets align with SRF goals, whether outcomes are reasonably budgeted, and the portfolio's ability to achieve SRF targets. Several limitations of the analysis are noted around inconsistent language in targets/budgets and inability to assess all factors. Key conclusions recommend setting clear SDG-linked targets, funding only top-rated CRPs/platforms that can achieve targets, and improving outcome/budget consistency and credibility in full proposals.
Unemployment has increased in Europe and inequality has risen in the United States. Signs of economic troubles worldwide include rising unemployment, greater inequality in wealth distribution, and higher poverty rates. This "lost generation" of workers without jobs may turn to crimes, drug abuse, and violence against immigrants as extremist political groups gain popularity. Possible causes include relationships between developed and developing countries, rapid technology changes, and skilled immigrant workers. Nations should improve citizens' lives through tailored economic solutions.
Farmer suicides have been a major issue in India since the 1990s. The document discusses the key causes of farmer suicides as monsoon failure, high debt, crop failure, lack of irrigation, declining prices of crops coupled with increasing input costs, and poverty. It provides statistics showing that states like Maharashtra and Kerala have seen thousands of farmer suicides annually, with debt being a factor in over 80% of cases and average debt levels of Rs. 50,000. Suggested solutions include more crop insurance, profitable prices for farmers, increased access to credit, and support for inputs.
The document discusses reasons for farmer suicides in India, including dependence on monsoons with little irrigation, indebtedness from high-interest loans, rising costs of cultivation, and failure of loan waiver policies to provide long-term solutions. Key statistics show that on average one farmer committed suicide every 32 minutes between 1997-2005, with rates as high as one every 8 hours in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. Most suicides occurred among farmers between 20-45 years old.
Farmers' suicides are a major problem in India. Some key points:
- Indebtedness is the main reason for 93% of farmer suicides. High interest rates from money lenders and crop failures lead to mounting debts.
- Other major causes include lack of irrigation, unpredictable monsoons, rising input costs, and social issues like dowry for daughters.
- On average, 38 Indian farmers commit suicide every day - one every 30 minutes. Suicides have ripple effects on families and communities.
- To prevent further suicides, long term solutions are needed like income guarantees, crop insurance, access to credit, and promoting sustainable agriculture practices. The government must address the root
Thesis defense presentation of Justin Phillips (SDSU). "The Role of Relatedness and Autonomy in Motivation of Youth Physical Activity: A Self-Determination Perspective."
Powerpoint presentation M.A. Thesis DefenceCatie Chase
This document summarizes a research study that examined self-determination in post-secondary students with learning disabilities based on whether they were identified as having an LD in primary/secondary school or as an adult. The study found no statistically significant differences in self-determination, as measured by a self-determination scale, between the two groups of students. The discussion considers limitations of the study related to measurement, sample size, and sampling biases. Implications are discussed for further examining the relationship between time of LD identification and self-determination with more reliable measures and larger sample sizes.
Science Forum 2013 (www.scienceforum13.org)
Plenary session: Evaluating nutrition and health outcomes of agriculture
Matin Qaim, University of Gottingen, main presentation
The document discusses the roles of input policies in transforming agriculture in Indonesia. It analyzes key drivers of changes to seed and fertilizer policies from the 1950s to present. Input use grew rapidly under policies promoting the Green Revolution but led to imbalanced fertilizer use, reducing efficiency. Current policy processes involve more complex economic and political interests with decentralized government. The document recommends continuing to improve subsidy accuracy, evaluating an exit strategy, and shifting to more decentralized subsidies while reviving agricultural extension roles.
BASIS Director, Michael Carter, presented on the topic of temporary subsidies, savings and the adoption of improved technologies at the USAID Ag Sector Forum in March of 2015.
Strategies for Doubling the Farmers Income Through Temperate Fruit Crops Tawseef Baba
The document discusses strategies for doubling farmers' incomes in India through the cultivation of temperate fruit crops. It outlines Prime Minister Modi's goal of doubling farmers' incomes by 2022. Currently, over 20% of rural households earn less than the poverty line, and farming is uneconomical for many with small landholdings. The document then proposes several strategies to achieve this goal for temperate fruits, including enhancing crop productivity through improved varieties; efficient resource management with protected cultivation and precision farming; enhancing fruit quality; developing climate-resilient technologies; integrated pest management; minimizing post-harvest losses; and conducting marketing and economics research.
Economic analysis of fertilizer options for maize production in Tanzaniaafrica-rising
Poster prepared by Bekele Kotu, Job Kihara, Yangole Luanda, Stephen Lyimo, Mateete Bekunda, Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon for the Africa RISING ESA Project Review and Planning Meeting, Lilongwe, Malawi, 3–5 October 2018
Madhur Gautam, David Laborde, Abdullah Mamun, Will Martin, Valeria Piñeiro, Rob Vos
POLICY SEMINAR
Can agricultural policies deliver better value for money for people, the planet, and the economy?
Co-Organized by IFPRI and World Bank Group
FEB 2, 2022 - 9:30 TO 11:00AM EST
Ouma - Technology adoption in banana-legume systems of Central AfricaCIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
The document outlines Cambodia's agricultural transformation over the past 10 years and identifies opportunities and risks going forward. Key changes include increased productivity, expansion of rice milling, changing labor patterns, and infrastructure growth. Driving forces were policy reforms, investment, technology adoption, and higher food prices. Sustaining growth requires improving the business environment, public-private partnerships, skills development, and strategic national programs. The diagnostic study will analyze four commodities across regions using surveys, focus groups, and comparing to a previous study to inform Cambodia's agricultural roadmap.
This document analyzes the technical efficiency of soybean production among smallholder farmers in central Malawi. It finds that farmers achieve only 40% of potential yields due to low efficiency. A study was conducted using a stochastic production frontier model on 300 farmers to assess efficiency levels and its determinants. It finds the average efficiency is 78.9% with some farmers over 80% efficient. Efficiency is influenced by factors like modern seed use, education levels, and extension contacts. The study recommends improving farmers' access to seeds, extension services, and encouraging group activities to enhance efficiency.
Doubling Farmers’ Income through animal agriculture: Need for policy changeILRI
Presented by Habibur Rahman, Vijayalakshmy Kennady and Braja B Swain (ILRI), at the International Conference on Doubling the Farmers Income, Assam Agricultural University, Assam, India, 27–28 February 2019
Dr. Emmanuel Orkoh_2023 AGRODEP Annual Conference - Parallel Session IIIaAKADEMIYA2063
This document summarizes a study on the impact of Namibia's COVID-19 Emergency Income Grant on household food security. The study used a survey of 250 households to collect data. Key findings include:
1) The income grant benefited 39% of households, with higher receipt among female-headed and less educated households.
2) Propensity score matching estimates found the grant significantly improved household food security, as measured by two indices.
3) Effects were larger for female-headed households, suggesting the grant particularly helped vulnerable groups.
4) Over half of households reported being satisfied with the income grant policy. Satisfaction levels were similar across demographic groups.
In 3 sentences, this summary
This document provides a value for money analysis of CRP investments from 2017-2022 based on their alignment with SRF targets. It analyzes pre-proposals across several dimensions: how well outcome targets align with SRF goals, whether outcomes are reasonably budgeted, and the portfolio's ability to achieve SRF targets. Several limitations of the analysis are noted around inconsistent language in targets/budgets and inability to assess all factors. Key conclusions recommend setting clear SDG-linked targets, funding only top-rated CRPs/platforms that can achieve targets, and improving outcome/budget consistency and credibility in full proposals.
This document summarizes a study comparing the price cost margins of organic versus conventional corn, soybeans, and alfalfa production. Regression analysis found that organic operations had higher price cost margins than conventional for corn and soybeans. For corn, conventional margins were negative on average. The analysis also found that organic margins generally increased with farm size. Additionally, as the number of certified organic acres increased, organic corn price cost margins decreased slightly. The conclusions were that organic crops command higher prices from consumers, and that slower adoption of organic farming and faster growth in demand have contributed to stable organic margins over time.
Ensuring Income Security for Agriculture HouseholdsRamanjaneyulu GV
The document discusses the need for measuring progress in agriculture based on growth in farm family incomes rather than just increases in food grain production. It notes that the number of people depending on agriculture has declined from 69.43% to 54.6% over 60 years in India but that farming remains the primary livelihood for many. Ensuring income security for agricultural households is important given stagnating farm incomes, rising costs of cultivation, and the limited employment growth in other sectors attracting those leaving farming. A basket of measures is needed, including fair prices, reduced costs, farmer collectives, credit, insurance and bonus programs for ecological/rainfed farming to boost farm incomes.
The project aims to provide emergency assistance to vulnerable farmers and herders in Mauritania affected by drought, high food prices, and livestock diseases. It will benefit 377,000 smallholders over 15 months with a budget of $18.2 million. The project will distribute seeds and veterinary medicines, and provide training to help farmers resume production. It also plans to develop seed production, evaluate wheat varieties to reduce cereal imports, and build on existing FAO programs in the country. The project is implemented through the Mauritanian government agriculture ministry and partners.
C:\fakepath\the removal of agricultural subsidies and their effects on tomato...george atauhene boateng
The document discusses the removal of agricultural subsidies in Ghana and their effects on tomato production in Akomadan, Offinso District. It provides background on Ghana's agricultural sector and the decline in production following reductions in subsidies. The study aims to examine the effects of subsidy removal on tomato farmers' access to inputs, production levels, incomes, and the future of the sector. It describes the research methodology used, including a literature review, survey of farmers, and analysis of production data from before and after subsidy reductions.
This document summarizes a presentation on undernutrition given by Matin Qaim. Some key points from the presentation include:
- There is often a disconnect between agricultural and nutrition programs that results in wasted resources. Increased coordination is needed in program planning and implementation.
- The focus on food security in some programs may be a stumbling block for improving nutrition.
- Impact assessments of agricultural programs need to consider nutrition and health outcomes, not just interventions aimed at nutrition.
- While higher production diversity at a macro level may increase dietary diversity, studies of farm households in Indonesia and Kenya found higher on-farm production diversity was sometimes correlated with lower household nutritional quality, possibly due to forgone income from specialization
Similar to Oral Presentation - Impact of Farmer Input Support Programme on Benefiting Farmers - The Case of Gwembe District (20)
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Oral Presentation - Impact of Farmer Input Support Programme on Benefiting Farmers - The Case of Gwembe District
1. Impacts of Farmer Input Support Programme on beneficiaries
The case of Gwembe District.
Alfred Sianjase & Professor Venkatesh Seshamani
School of Humanities & Social Sciences
Department of Economics
3. 1.1 Background
Agriculture is a critical sector of any economy, especially developing economies.
Increased agro-production is critical to increased HH food security & reduced
vulnerabilities.
Zambia, then needs to implement the pro-poor economic policies targeting
majority rural poor through promotion of increased agricultural production.
The Zambian Government promoted the private sector participation in input
supply to increase crop production.
Market failure resulted through the failure of the private sector in fertilizer and
seed distribution to the small scale farmers.
Hence access to agro-inputs such as certified seed and fertilizers a big challenge to
smallholder farmers.
Government then initiated a fertilizer subsidy programme in 2001/2002
agricultural season to help increase access to inputs and increase crop production.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
4. 1.2 Statement of the Problem
Despite the continued provision of subsidized agro-inputs largely for maize
production to smallholder farmers, the Programme has not helped to improve
maize production among its target group.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
Study is to be used as a partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of
Master of Arts in Economics and offer subsidy policy advise as need may arise.
1.4 Objectives
o General Objective
The general objective is to investigate the impact of Farmer Input Support
Programme (FISP) on benefiting households.
o Specific Objectives
To find out the impact of input subsidies on maize output,
To find out the effect of input subsidies on households’ dependence on
subsidies in maize production,
To draw policy implications on the need to continue or to discontinue with input
subsidies from the empirical findings.
5. 1.5 Research Questions / Hypothesis
Null hypothesis: there is no significant impact of FISP on the farmers’ maize
crop production,
Alternative hypothesis; there is a significant impact,
segregated into two hypotheses, namely;
Subsidized seed and fertilizer have no significant impact on maize output,
Subsidized seed and fertilizer have significant effect on the subsidy
dependence.
1.6 Significance of the Study
Government, has been funding maize inputs subsidy programme, under MAL
since 2001
This has been taking the larger portion of the Ministry’s budget than its core
functions as shown in figure 1 below.
Hence the need to determine its impact on maize production by the benefiting
farmers.
6. Figure 1: Proportion of MAL Expenditure on FISP Compared to Department of Agriculture – 2001 to 2010 - Zambia
1.7 The Study Area
The study was done in Gwembe district where 570 smallholder
farmers were sampled and the questionnaire administered to collect data.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
Owing to limitations of time and finances, the data collected and
analyzed in this study was only for Gwembe district. As such, the
results obtained may not be representative of the country as whole.
7. 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Conceptual Framework
characterisation of subsidies suggests concepts based on the economic
principles of efficiency, equity, sustainability and political economy of input
subsidies in SSA
Efficiency
Agro-inputs subsidies are inefficient if they merely encourage the adoption of
use of costly inputs than benefits.
Agro-subsidies may be efficient as they help farmers overcome the market
distortions generated by the market failures.
Equity
Countries implementing pro-poor policies promote use agro-input subsidies as
a tool for resource distribution by targeting subsidies on the poorest smallholder
farmers.
8. Sustainability
Subsidy programmes if can be maintained over the long term without draining
the public resources,
or if the outcomes in terms of adoption of use of improved inputs and methods
continue after programme.
Political economy of input subsidies in SSA
Ideally, policies implemented to maximize national welfare, although personal
political motivations play a role.
2.2 Theoretical Framework
9. 2.3 Relevant Literature
Rich empirical literature on the analysis of impact of seed and fertilizer
subsidies.
Survey done by Chibwana et al (2010) on impact of fertilizer subsidy in Malawi
suggests an increase in maize yields of recipient farmers by 249 kg/ha.
Survey conducted by World Bank (2010) at end of the 2007/2008 season
showed that participants achieved an average yield of around 2 metric tons
(MT) per hectare.
World Bank’s aggregate estimate on maize production increased by
146,000MT in the same season, corresponding to 89% growth in output.
However, the surveys did not cluster farmers in their various production
distributions to determine the responsiveness of each of the clusters to input
subsidies
Survey also did not consider to determine the dependence subsidies created
among the benefiting farmers.
Hence need for this research to address these gaps in the previous surveys.
10. 3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Study Design
study adopted the survey research design in which primary data was collected.
3.2 Research Instruments
A questionnaire was used in data collection.
3.3 Data Collection Procedure
A questionnaire was administered to 600 small scale farmers in 8 randomly sampled
agricultural camps in Gwembe district.
Cluster sampling method was used since population is dispersed over a wide
geographical area.
Due to missing responses to some items, the final sample dropped to 570 farmers,
giving 95% participation.
3.4 Data Analysis
Quantile regression, first developed by Koenker and Bassett (1978) was used.
Research estimates the equation; (Yijt = β0 + β1Sijt + β2Xijt + β3Tt + Ci + μijt) for maize
production as a linear model via quantile regression.
11. Data Analysis (Cont’d)
compares those results with conditional mean estimates from OLS.
Quantile regression allows seeing how subsidized inputs affect maize
production.
This helps in addressing the question of whether or not input subsidy
programs can significantly boost maize production for those at the bottom of
the maize production distribution.
12. 4.0 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Results
Varying results were observed on subsidized inputs and demographic variables
across maize production distribution.
HHs at 5th percentile only gain 0.69kg of maize, 1.10Kg at 10th
,3.11Kg at the 50th
and
are all statistically significant at 1%.
HHs at the 90th
percentile gain 2.58Kg per Kg of subsidized inputs and it is statistically
significant at 5%.
HHs at 5th
percentile gain 5.58Kg for each additional year of schooling of head of HH,
2.61Kg for male-headed HH, 6.32Kg for additional larger HH and 3.21Kg for HHs
whose head was once employed and loses only 0.47Kg MP of for each additional
year of age of the head HH.
HHs at 10th and 50th percentiles gain by 9.24Kg and 29.78Kg respectively for each
additional year of schooling by the head of the HH and both are statistically
significant at 1% level.
Households at the 90th percentile gain a marginal product of 69.65Kg from an
additional year of schooling by the head.
13. COVARIATES
POOLED OLS
CONDITIONAL
MEAN
ESTIMATION
POOLED QUANTILED REGRESSION
5%
10% 50% 90%
Coeff. P-Value Coeff. P-Value Coeff. P-Value Coeff. P-Value Coeff. P-Value
Kg subsidized Inputs acquired by hh 3.77*** (0.00) 0.87 (0.00) 1.78*** (0.00) 2.87*** (0.00) 3.91*** (0.00)
total land cultivated for maize in ha 133.2*** (0.00) 29*** (0.00) 48*** (0.01) 112*** (0.00) 437*** (0.00)
log of Age of hh head in each year -4.94 (0.78) -0.47 (0.89) -0.71 (0.93) -0.92 (0.96) -0.63 (0.98)
=1 if household head attended school 22*** (0.00) 5.58 (0.19) 9.24*** (0.00) 29.78*** (0.00) 69.65*** (0.00)
=1 if household is male headed 62*** (0.00) 2.61 (0.28) 7.36 (0.39) 8.60 (0.49) 37.13*** (0.00)
Household Size 26.14 (0.71) 6.32 (0.67) 9.49 (0.86) 15.18 (0.51) 21.38 (0.89)
=1 if hh head was once employed 16.2** (0.03) 3.21 (0.16) 4.78 (0.21) 9.29 (0.74) 11.27** (0.02)
Average annual rainfall over past 4 growing seasons in ml 0.61*** (0.00) 0.10*** (0.01) 0.29*** (0.00) 0.17** 0.02) -0.36 (0.18)
cumulative rainfall over the current growing season in ml 0.04 (0.81) 0.03 (0.36) 0.01 (0.73) 0.00 (0.80) 1.02 (0.44)
Std deviation of the average long run rainfall -0.06 (0.74) 0.06 (0.49) 0.08 (0.17) 0.12 (0.15) -0.19 (0.58)
Intercept -1.93*** (0.00) -114*** (0.00) -214*** (0.00) -692*** (0.00) -1362*** (0.00)
Soil quality dummy variables included Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Num of Observations 570 570 570 570 570
R2
0.41 0.06 0.18 0.26 0.31
COVARIATES
FIRST DIFFERENCE,
CONDITIONAL MEAN
ESTIMATION
CORRELATED RANDOM EFFECTS QUANTILE REGRESSION
5% 10% 50% 90%
Coeff. P-value Coeff. P-value Coeff. P-value Coeff. P-value Coeff. P-value
Kg subsidized Inputs acquired by hh 2.24*** (0.00) 0.69*** (0.00) 1.10*** (0.00) 3.11*** (0.00) 2.58** (0.02)
total land cultivated for maize in ha 241*** (0.00) 35*** (0.00) 55*** (0.00) 98*** (0.00) 337*** (0.00)
log Age of hh head in each year NA NA -1.41 (0.88) 1.56 (0.83) 4.69 (0.61) -2.63 (0.94)
=1 if household head attended school NA NA 10.08 (0.24) 24*** (0.00) 31.40*** (0.00) 49.27* (0.08)
=1 if household is male headed 51 (0.45) 18 (0.49) -15 (0.50) -18 (0.58) -56.10 (0.63)
Average annual rainfall over past 4 growing
seasons in ml -0.54*** (0.00) -0.09*** (0.00) -0.12** (0.05) -0.16*** (0.01) -0.34 (0.11)
Household Size 18.11*** (0.00) 4.38 (0.29) 7.45 (0.49) 10.61 (0.82) 12.19 (0.14)
=1 if hh head was once employed 11.36* (0.01) -1.89* (0.01) 3.46 (0.51) 5.26* (0.03) 9.18 (0.21)
cumulative rainfall over the current growing
season in ml -0.02 (0.63) 0.06** (0.03) 0.05** (0.02) 0.04 (0.27) 0.13 (0.31)
Std deviation of the average long run rainfall -0.22 (0.23) 0.03 (0.25) 0.05 (0.41) 0.07 (0.58) -0.16 (0.13)
Intercept -8.79 (0.96) -23 (0.80) -44 (0.76) 385 (0.34) -1,004 (0.52)
Soil quality dummy variables included Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Num of Observations 228 570 570 570 570
R2
0.21 0.09 0.17 0.28 0.36
Table 1: Pooled Quantile Regression Results for Maize Production (in Kg)
Table 2: Correlated Random Effects (CRE) Quantile Regression Results for Maize Production (in Kg)
14. 4.2 Discussion
At 5th percentile, 36.2% of the interviewed households showed
dependence on FISP.
At 90th percentile, only 4.3% of the respondents showed dependence on
FISP
At 10th and 50th percentiles, 29.1% and 16.7% respectively of the
respondents showed dependence on FISP.
Observations from the results is that HHs at the lower and upper end of the
maize production distribution obtain a significantly lower response to
subsidized inputs than HHs at the median of the distribution.
Demographic variables give positive responses to subsidized inputs other
than age which has a negative response.
Higher end has lower response probably because HHs at the top (90th
percentile) are most likely engaged in production of cash crops like cotton
and also may be involved in other income generating activities other than
crop production
Hence may not be interested in management effort to obtain high marginal
output.
15. 5.0 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusion
HHs at the 50th
percentile in the maize production have a high positive response
(3.11Kg of maize per Kg of subsidized inputs than those at the lower end (5th
) and
the upper end (90th
) with responses of 0.69Kg and 2.58Kg of maize per Kg of
subsidized inputs.
5.2 Recommendations
• For use of agricultural inputs subsidies to increase maize crop production, it is
recommended to target HHs at the 50th percentile which obtain a positive higher
return (HHs with 1 and 2 hectares and have enough family labour).
• For HHs at the 5th
and 10th
percentile, social cash transfer may be more feasible as
they are less responsive.
• There is also value in extending this study to other districts in the country before
arriving at a national policy on agricultural input subsidies.
16. References
1. Abrevaya, J. and C.M. Dahl. (2008) “The Effects of Birth Input on Birthweight:
Evidence form Quantile Estimation on Panel Data.” Journal of Business & Economic
Statistics 26(4): 379-397.
2. Buchinsky, M. (1994) “Changes in the U.S. Wage Structure 1963-1987: Applications
of Quantile Regression.” Econometrica 62:405-458.
3. Chibwana, C., M. Fisher, G. Shively. 2010. “Land Allocation Effects of Agricultural
Input Subsidies in Malawi.” (in press) World Development.
4. Dennis Chiwele, Martin Fowler, Ed Humphrey, Alex Hurrell, Jack Willis (December,
2010) “Agriculture Case Study – Evaluation of Budget Support in Zambia”, Oxford
Policy Management: 27
5. Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (2012), “Implementation Manual 2012/2013
Agricultural Season”, Famer Input Support Programme (FISP), Mulungushi House,
Lusaka, Zambia.
6. Wooldridge, J.M. (2011) Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, 2nd
Edition. London: MIT Press.
http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000023,
23/11/2012.
17. Acknowledgements
wish to express my gratitude to the following people;
My supervisor, Professor Venkatesh Seshamani, for his tireless guidance offered to
me while I was writing this dissertation.
My wife Mrs. Lillian Muntanga Mwiinga Sianjase for her encouragement and support
during the development and completion of this dissertation.