Modernity and social changes in Europe from 1500-1900 influenced ideas about social identity and language. This led to the selection, elaboration, codification and implementation of English as a national language in Britain through several processes. First, close interaction in communities promoted English. Second, the educational system standardized English. Third, group loyalty and powerful models reinforced English use. Over time, English became more suitable for scholarly use by expanding its lexicon and acquiring new meanings for existing words to imitate Latin structures. The rise of science and printing in English helped establish it as an international language.

1. MODERNITY AND ENGLISH AS A
NATIONAL LANGUAGE

2. Modernity State of Mind
Social and Economic
Condition
Ideas about social identity and language that are associated
with wider intellectual, political and religious developments
in Europe. (1500-1900)

3. 1.The renaissance
2.The growth of capitalism
3.The reformation
4.The rise of humanist science
5. Puritanism

4. • Process
Selection
Elaboration
Codification
Implementation

5. 1. Close daily interaction in the community
1. The mechanism of an educational system
3. Group loyalty
4. The presence of powerful model

6. English is unsuitable for
scholarly use.
Threeprincipalsolutions:
a. Extendinglexicon
b. Acquiring moremeaning for
existing words.
c. Imitatingtherhetorical
structuresofLatin

7. Extension of knowledge
Printed science book written
in Latin
Many potential consumers
didn’t understand Latin
Translators translate printed
science book into English

8. Latin as an
international language
• A matter of
audience
• A concern of
secrecy
• Linguistic
inadequacy of
English
English as an
international language
• The first new
scientific journal
written in English
• Scientific era for
English in 19th
century
• The use of English
looks clumsy
Royal society’s project in
creating new universal
language

9. Literary
• Sought synonyms to provide alternative
eloquences
Science
• Precise and standardized language

10.  Four alternatives of translating from Latin into English
Borrowed into English
Translated element into English
Invented a new English word
Extended the meaning

11. An extension in the use of an existing
word to a new word class.
the evolution of scientific discourse
and its mode of representing the
world

12. The use of english in discussion, literature, politics
(The need of standardisation >>Protecting English
from Barbarian charge)
1. Fixing the language
 Imitate France and Italy allegiance to their language
 Establish an academy to regulate the usage
2. Creating a dictionary
 The Oxford English Dictionary
how
Lyli’s
grammar
Bullokar’s
grammar

13. Aspects:
1. Grammar : the English bible
2. Pronunciation: Londoners
3. Vocabulary

14. Disseminating printed Bibles
Translating legal texts
Literature
Education

15. Dialect (18th century)
Marginal
Rural
Bad english
Dialects (20th
century)
Local of speech of
towns and cities

16. Renaissance is the revival of learning
Italy -- spread across Europe
Rapid growth in translations of classics
into local language
Concept of national language emerge

17. Rise of
capitalization
Social class
Restructuring of
English in social
classes as a part of
social correctness
Particular language
for particular social
position

18. The rise of humanist science
Changing perspective
regarding human
products
Expansion of knowledge Development of English
Reformation
Big protest toward Catholic church policies

19.  Catholics -- Purer form of worship
 Prefer plain English over Latin
 Puritanism involved in the study of old English manuscripts
and old dialect
 The development of science and language  part of glory
of God

20.  Describe how modernity forms the development of English
to be international language!