The document discusses blood grouping, which categorizes blood based on inherited antigens on red blood cells and identifies four main blood types: A, B, AB, and O, with Rh factors. It outlines a practical method for blood grouping using specific materials and procedures, emphasizing the importance of fresh samples and aseptic techniques. The conclusion highlights the universal donor and recipient roles of blood types O and AB, respectively, along with references for further understanding of blood group genomics and clinical perspectives.

2. } Introduction
} ABO group system
} Practical on blood grouping
} Recommendations and conclusion
} Reference

3. • A blood group also called a Blood Type
• Classification of blood is based on the
presence or absence of inherited antigenic
substances on the surface of red blood cells
(RBCs)
• These antigens may be proteins,
carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids,
depending on the blood group system.
klein, H.G & Antee, D.J (2022)

4. } Blood groups are determined
by the genes inherited from
parents. There are four main
blood groups (A, B, AB, and
O), and each group can be
either Rh positive or Rh
negative.
} The Rh factor is a protein that
can be present(+) or absent(-)
} landsteiner, k. (1901)

5.  TITLE: blood grouping
 AIM: To study the method of grouping an individual
 MATERIALS: Blood grouping kit, white smooth tiles,
lancet, cotton wool, alcohol swab.
 PROCEDURE:
 use alcohol swab to clean the finger from which the
blood will be collected
 prick the finger using sterile lancet
 place drops of blood in three different places
horizontallay on the tiles
 Add one drop of Anti A, Anti B and Anti D antisera on the
blood samples
 Rock gently and examine for agglutination(clumping)
 Stowell, K.J & Pham C.H.R.R (2023)

6. 1. Ensure that all
materials(antiserum, blood
samples and pipettes,etc.)
are prepared and
organized before starting
the experiment.
2. use fresh blood samples
and antiserum to avoid any
degradation that could
affect result
3. Follow proper aseptic
techniques to prevent
contermination
RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSION
During my six months
SIWES programme, i have
full experience on how to
group an individual and
understanding blood types.
People with type O
blood are considered
universal donors for red
blood cells and people with
type AB are considered
universal recipients for red
blood cells.

7. system
Klein, H.G., & Anstee, D.J. (2022). Molecular Blood Group Genomics. (2nd Edition). oxford, UK. Wiley- Blackwell
Landsteiner, K., (2001). Discoverer of major human blood groups. ( 3rd edition). mayo clin proc. kyle, R.A and shampo, M.A
Stowell, K.J., & pham, C.R.H.H. (2023). Blood Group Antigens: clinical and laboratory perspectives. (1st Edition). San Francisco, CA. Academic press
Klein, H. G., Anstee, D. J. (2022). Molecular Blood
Group Genomics. (2nd Edition). oxford, UK. Wiley-
Blackwell system.
Landsteiner, K., (1901). Discoverer of major human
blood groups. ( 3rd edition). mayo clin proc. kyle, R.A
and shampo, M.A.
Stowell, K. J., pham, C. R. H. H. (2023). Blood Group
Antigens: clinical and laboratory perspectives. (1st
Edition). San Francisco, CA. Academic press.