This document summarizes several poisonous plants, including their common and scientific names, toxic parts, toxins, clinical effects of poisoning, and in some cases traditional uses. It covers Datura, poison hemlock, water hemlock, foxglove, tobacco, red squill, morning glory, and poppy. The whole document provides detailed information on the toxicology and characteristics of these poisonous plants.

1. Poisonous Plants

2. Presented By Presented To
Sayema Arefin,
Lecturer, department of
Pharmacy,
MBSTU
Muhammad Abdul Bari
PHA-18004

3. Content
 Datura
 Poison Hemlock
 Water Hemlock
 Foxglove
 Ipomoea
 Tobbaco
 Red Squill
 Poppy

4. Poisonous Plants
Definition: A plant that when touched or
ingested in sufficient quantity can be harmful or
fatal to an organism .*(e.g., Digitalis
bellaadona)

5. Datura metel Datura stramonium
Datura

6. Datura
 Common Name: Devil’s Trumpet, Downy Thorn Apple, Stink
Weed etc.
 Scientific Names: Datura metel, Datura stramonium etc.
 Family: Solanaceae
 Distribution: Found throughout the West Indies, Canada, the
United States, Texas, New Mexico and China.
 Toxic Part: The whole plant is toxic, including the nectar;
however, seeds are most often implicated in poisoning.
 Toxin: Atropine, scopolamine, and other anticholinergic
alkaloids.

7.  Clinical Findings: Intoxication results in dry mouth with dysphagia
and dysphonia, tachycardia and urinary retention. Blurred vision,
excitement and delirium, headache, and confusion may be
observed.
 Management: Initially,symptomatic and supportive care should be
given. If the severity of the intoxication intervention an antidote,
physostigmine, is available.
 Use: I. stramonium has been used in traditional medicine to relieve
asthma symptoms and as an analgesic during surgery or
bonesetting.
II. The paste of roasted leaves is applied over the area to
relieve pain.
III. Datura seeds and leaves are used as antiasthmatic,
antispasmodic, hypnotic and narcotic.

8. Conium maculatum
Poison Hemlock

9. Poison Hemlock
 Common Names: Bunk, California Fern, Herb Bonnett,Kill Cow,
Poison Parsley, Poison Root, Snake Weed etc.
 Scientific Name: Conium maculatum.
 Family: Apiaceae.
 Distribution: This plant is now naturalized in most of the
northern and temperate zones of the United States and Canada.
 Toxic Part: The whole plant is poisonous, particularly the root
and seeds.
 Toxin: Coniine and related nicotine-like alkaloids.

10.  Clinical Findings: Initial gastrointestinal effects may be followed by those
typical of nicotine poisoning; these include hypertension, large pupils and
sweating. Severe poisoning produces coma, weakness and paralysis that
may result in death from respiratory failure.
 Management: Symptomatic and supportive care should be given with
attention to adequacy of ventilation and vital signs. Atropine may reverse
some of the toxic effects. Consultation with a Poison Control Center
should be strongly considered.
Use: I.It is used for breathing problems including bronchitis, whooping
cough, and asthma;
II.It is used for teething in children, painful joints and cramps.
III.Hemlock is also used for anxiety and mania.

11. Cicuta maculata
Water Hemlock

12.  Common Names: Beaver Poison, Children’s Bane, Musquash
Poison, Musquash Root.
 Scientific Name: Cicuta maculata.
 Family: Apiaceae.
 Distribution: This plant is now naturalized in most of the
northern and temperate zones of the United States and Canada.
 Toxic Part: The whole plant is poisonous, particularly the root
and seeds.
 Toxin: Coniine and related nicotine-like alkaloids.
Water Hemlock

13.  Clinical Findings: Toxic ingestions often occur when the plant is
mistaken for a similar appearing but edible wild plant such as
Daucus carota. Onset of symptoms is rapid, usually within 1 hour
of ingestion. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, salivation and
trismus. Death may occur if seizures do not terminate.
 Management: Symptomatic and supportive care should be given
with attention to adequacy of ventilation and vital signs. Atropine
may reverse some of the toxic effects. Consultation with a Poison
Control Center should be strongly considered.
Uses: I.It is also used as a natural drug against breast cancer .
II.Painful menstrual periods , intestinal worms .
III.Also use in skin redness and inflammation.

14. Digitalis purpurea
Foxglove

15.  Common Names: Digitalis, Fairy Bells, Fairy Cap, Fairy Glove,
Fairy Thimbles, Folks Glove, Pop-Dock, Rabbit Flower etc.
 Scientific Name: Digitalis purpurea.
 Family: Scrophulariaceae.
 Distribution: Digitalis is grown in cultivation and has escaped
locally. Plants are hardy in the north temperate zones including
Canada and Alaska.
 Toxic Part: The whole plant is poisonous. Leaves from the
plant are a commercial source of the drug digitalis.
 Toxin: Digitoxin, digoxin, irritant saponins.
Foxglove

16.  Clinical Findings: Pain in the mouth, nausea, emesis, abdominal
pain, cramping, and diarrhea develop after ingestion. Dysrhythmias
are usually expressed as sinus bradycardia, premature ventricular
contractions, atrioventricular conduction defects, or ventricular
tachydysrhythmias.
 Management: Gastrointestinal decontamination as appropriate,
serial electrocardiograms, and serum potassium determinations
should be performed. If serious cardioactive steroid toxicity is
considered, digoxin-specific Fab should be administered.
Use: Used as cardiac stimulant and tonic. The drug stimulated
cardiac muscles, increase the systole if heart ventricle and
normalizes the heart frequency .In this way the drug is useful in
congestive heart failure atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation.

17. Nicotiana tabacum
Tobbaco

18.  Common Names: Paka, Tabac, Tabaco, Tobacco.
 Scientific Name: Nicotiana tabacum.
 Family: Solanaceae.
 Distribution: Mostly found in California, Texas, Florida, Mexico
and Southern America.
 Toxic Part: The whole plant is poisonous.
 Toxin: The specific toxin depends on the species but involves
chemically related alkaloids, for example, nicotine in Nicotiana
tabacum.
Tobbaco

19.  Clinical Findings: Initial gastrointestinal symptoms may be
followed by those typical of nicotine poisoning; these include
hypertension, large pupils, sweating, and perhaps seizures.
Severe poisoning produces coma, weakness, and paralysis that
may result in death from respiratory failure.
 Management: Symptomatic and supportive care should be
given, with attention to adequacy of ventilation and vital signs.
Atropine may reverse some of the toxic effects. Consultation with
a Poison Control Center should be strongly considered.
 Use: Nicotine is used as insecticide and fumigant.

20. Urginea maritima
Red Squill

21.  Common Names: Sea Onion, Squill.
 Scientific Name: Urginea maritima.
 Family: Asparagaceae.
 Distribution: Red squill is native to Eurasia, the
Mediterranean, and South Africa.
 Toxic Part: The bulbs are poisonous.
 Toxin: Scillarin, a cardioactive steroid resembling digitalis.
Red Squill

22.  Clinical Findings: Poisoning produces clinical findings typical of
cardioactive steroid poisoning. Dysrhythmias are usually
expressed as sinus bradycardia, premature ventricular
contractions, atrioventricular conduction defects, or ventricular
tachydysrhythmias.
 Management: Gastrointestinal decontamination as appropriate,
serial electrocardiograms, and serum potassium determinations
should be performed. If serious cardioactive steroid toxicity is
considered, digoxin-specific Fab should be administered.
 Use: I. Used as emetic in large doses.
II. Used to treat cough, dropsy, rheumatism, skin promblems.
III. Used as cardiac tonic.

23. Ipomoea carnea
Ipomoea

24. Ipomoea
Common Name: Morning Glory, Bush Morning Glory.
Scientific Name: Ipomoea carnea.
Family: Convolvulaceae.
Distribution: Natively found in Topical America.
Toxic part: Seeds, leaves and flowers.
Toxin: Alkaloids; swainsonine, calystegine.

25. Clinical findings: Swainsonin and calystegine inhibit the key
cellular enzyme and cause the systemic cell death. Causes
neurological disorders and affects the CNS adversely.
Generally cattle are intoxicated.
Management: Atropine may reverse some of the toxic
effects.
Uses: Ipomoea is used as a cathartic and for preparation of
resin.

26. Papaver somniferum
Poppy

27. Poppy
 Common Names: Opium Poppy, Crude Opium, Raw Opium.
 Scientific Name: Papaver somniferum.
 Family: Papaveraceae.
 Toxic parts: whole plant, immature fruits.
 Toxin: Codine, morphine and protopine.

28. Clinical findings: Cayanosis, eczema, headache, pupils and
sweating.
Management: For acute toxicity intravenous hydration and
electrolytes replacement may be necessary for patients with
severe GI symtoms.
Use: I. Used as analgesic in surgery.
II. Poppy oil is often used as cooking oil, salad dressing oil,
or in products such as margarine.
III. Poppy products are also used in different paints,
varnishes, and some cosmetics.