introduction to basic psychaitry

1. Dr. Kalpana S.
King Abdul Aziz University

2.  Psychiatry is that branch of medicine dealing with
mental disorder and its treatment
 Psych: soul or mind
 Iatros: healer

3. • psychologists
• psychotherapists
• therapists
• social workers

4. Disorders of Perception
• Illusions: Misinterpretation of real
external sensory stimuli (e.g., mistaking a
rope for a snake, mirage).
• Hallucinations: False perception in the
absence of any external stimulus

5. A-Mood: a sustained and pervasive
emotional tone subjectively experienced
and reported by the patient and observed
by others (e.g., depression, elation,
anger).
B- Affect: usually used to indicate the
subjective and immediate "short lived" or
transient experience of emotion. It also
refers to the external expression or
observed aspect of emotions.

6. 1. Dysphoric mood: an unpleasant mood; a mood of general
dissatisfaction.
2. Irritable mood: easily annoyed and provoked to anger.
3. Depression: feeling of sadness.
4. Anhedonia: lack of the ability to experience pleasure and
loss of interest in all regular pleasurable activities.
5. Fear: unpleasant emotional state in response to a
realistic threat or danger.

7. 6. Anxiety: feeling of apprehension caused by
anticipation of an ill-defined danger.
7. Free-floating anxiety: pervasive unfocused fear not
attached to any idea.
8. Tension: unpleasant increase of motor and
psychological activity.
9. Phobia: fear related to a particular object or
situation.

8. 1. Euphoria: .exaggerated feeling of well-being that
is inappropriate to real events.
2. Elation: elevated mood with feelings of joy,
euphoria and intense self-satisfaction and
optimism.
3. Ecstasy: feeling of intense elation.

9. Common Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders
 Heart palpitations, sweating, tremors, nausea, dizziness, fear
of losing control, going crazy
 Excessive worry and fear, difficulty controlling these thoughts
 Difficulty concentrating or mind “going blank”
 Easily irritated
 Difficulty falling or staying asleep

10. A- Depressive Disorders:
Common types of Depressive Disorders are:
 Major Depressive Disorder
 Dysthymic Disorder.

11. Common Symptoms of Depression
 Appearance of being sad, tearful, no emotions, or
easily irritated and upset
 Loss of interest or pleasure in most activities
 Loss of energy/ feelings of being tired most of the
day
 Significant weight loss or gain
 Difficulty sleeping or sleeping excessively
 Talking about death, suicide

12. Common Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder
 Symptoms of Depression and Symptoms of Mania
(Mood Swings)
 Manic symptoms include:
 High involvement in pleasurable activities that are
likely to cause painful consequences
 Decreased need for sleep, constantly “on the go”,
rapid and pressured speech, conversation jumps
from one topic to the next
 Inflated self-esteem or feelings of superiority.

13.  Cognitive disorders: Organic menial
disorders in which the most prominent
features are disturbances of cognitive
functions which may be associated with
disturbed consciousness.
 Cognitive disorders include 3 main
syndromes:
1 . Delirium
2. Dementia
3. Amnestic disorders

14.  Schizophrenia is defined as a chronic
psychotic disorder that shows marked
disturbance in thought, mood, and behavior
that lead to impaired functioning and
deterioration of personality.

15.  They are a group of disorders where there is
excessive preoccupation with weight, food,
and body shape. Two main types are
recognized:
1. Anorexia Nervosa
2. Bulimia Nervosa