This document discusses sociology in tourism and its effects. It covers: 1) The sociology of tourism examines tourists' motivations, roles, relationships, and how tourism impacts both visitors and host societies. 2) Travel experiences significantly impact individuals, families, and societies by exposing them to new cultures in memorable ways. 3) However, large numbers of tourists can also negatively impact host societies by changing local customs and increasing crime rates targeted at visitors. 4) Sociological factors like life stage, income, education, and disabilities all influence people's travel preferences and patterns in predictable ways.

1. Sociology in
Tourism
GROUP 3

2. Learning objectives
• Appreciate the inordinate social impact that travel experiences make
on the individual, the family or group, and society as a whole —
especially the host society
• Recognize that a country’s indigenous population may resent the
presence of visitors, especially in large numbers
• Discover that travel patterns change with changing life characteristics
and social class
• Become familiar with the concept of social tourism and its importance
in various countries
• Perceive that there are four extremes relating to the travel preferences
of international tourists.

3. Sociology in
Tourism
The sociology of tourism is an emergent
specialty concerned with the study of
touristic motivations, roles, relationships,
and istitutions and of their impact on
tourists and on the societies who receive
them.

4. Is the science of society, social institutions, and social
relationships. It is the scientific study of human society and its
origins, development, organizations, and institutions. It is a
social science which uses various methods of empirical
investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of
knowledge about human social activity, structures, and
functions.
Sociology

5. Effects on Individual
● Someone who travels, particularly to a strange location, finds an environment that is
unfamiliar, not only geographically but also personally, socially, and culturally. Thus
the traveler faces problems for which a solution must be found if the trip is to be fully
enjoyable and rewarding. Travelers must manage their resources of money and time
in situations much different from those at home. They also manage their social
interactions and social relations to obtain sustence, shelter, and other needs and
possibly to find companionship. Determining the extent of the cultural distance, they
may wish to maintain results in decisions as to just how unfamiliar the traveler wants
his or her environment away from home base to be. Regardless of the degree of
local participation, the individula traveler must at least superficially study the country
to be visited and reach some level of decision on how these problems in
environmental differences. Travel experiences have a profound effect on the traveler
as well as on society, because travel experiences often are among the most
outstanding memories in the traveler's life.

6. Effects on Family
● As a FAMILY is growing and the children are maturing, the trips taken
as a family are highlights of any year. The excitement of preparation
and anticipation and the actual travel experience are memorable
occasion of family life. Travels with a measure of adventure are likely
to be the most memorable. Family travel may also be educational.
The more purposeful and educational a trip becomes, the more
beneficial it is.

7. Effects on Social
● Travel has a significant influence on national understanding
and appreciation of other people. The presence of visitors in a
country affects the living patterns of indigenous peoples. The
way visitors conduct themselves and their relationships with
citizens of the host country often has a profound effect on the
mode of life and attitudes of local people.

8. Unfortunately, tourist can be easy prey for
criminals. Tourist do not know about dangerous
areas or local situations in which they might be
very vulnerable to violent crimes. They become
easy marks for robbers and other offenders
because they are readily identified and are
usually not very well equipped to ward off an
attack. Crimes against tourist result in bad
publicity and create a negative image in the minds
of prospective visitors. Thus, tour companies tend
to avoid destinations that have the reputation for
crimes against tourists.
Tourism:
Security and
Crime
Resentment

9. Negative Social effects of Tourism on a Host
Society
1. Introduction of undesirable activities such as gambling
2. Demonstration effect
• Local people wanting the same luxuries and imported goods as those had by
tourists
3. Racial tension
4. Development of a servile attitude on the part of tourist business employees
5. Trinketization of arts and crafts
6. Standardization of employees roles
7. Loss of cultural pride
8. Too rapid change in local ways
9. Disproportionate numbers of worker in low-paid, menial jobs characteristics
of much hotel and restaurant employment
These effects can be moderated or eliminated by intelligent planning and
progressive management methods

10. Changing Population and Travel Interests
● People change, group attitudes change, and populations changes. Travel
interests also do change. Some countries grow in travel popularity; others
wane.world events tend to focus public attention on particular countries or
regions of the world. There's an old saying among travel promoters that “mass
follows class”. This has been proven beyond a doubt. Travel-page publicity
concerning prominent persons visiting a particular area inevitably produces a
growth of interest in the area and subsequent increases in demand for travel
to such well-publicized areas. The growth of communication systems,
particulaarly network and cable television, has broadenend the scope of
people's interests in other lands and other places. As communication
resources grow, awareness and interest also grow.

11. Life Characteristics and Travel
● Rising standards of living, changes in the population age composition,
the increasing levels of educational attainment, better communication,
increased social consciousness of people relating to the welfare and
activities of other people throughout the world, and the psychological
shrinking of the world by the jet plane have combined to produce an
interest among nations in all other nations.

12. A. Travel Patterns related to Age
With age, the traveler may become more passive.
Family recreation patterns are associated with life
stages of the family. The presence of young children
tends to reduce the number of trips taken, whereas
married couples with no children are among the best
travel prospects.

13. B. Income
Income is the consumption and savings opportunity gained by an entity within a
specified timeframe, which is generally expressed in monetary terms. Buying power
is another factor for the tourism manager to consider. People must have buying
power to create a market. There is no question that a large and increasing
percentage of the population today has sufficient discretionary income to finance
business and pleasure travel, although families may be limited to inexpensive trips.
The frequency of travel and the magnitude of travel expenditures increase rapidly
as income increases. Travel expenditures historically have been income elastic;
consequently, as per capita real incomes continue to rise. Consumers should
spend an increasing proportion of their incomes on travel. Besides making trips in
the future, increasing numbers of consumers can be expected to choose air travel
over other modes of travel. Income and education are closely correlated.

14. C. Education
Another factor deserving attention from tourism managers is
education, because it tends to broaden people's interests and thus
stimulate travel. People with college educations take more pleasure
trips than those with high school educations, and those with high
school educations take more trips than do those with grade school
eductions. Educators are forecasting continued increases in the
average educational level, which would result in a continued positive
impact on pleasure travel.

15. D. Travel and the Handicapped

16. ● Severe, moderates, or minor are the common disability clasifications.
Of the three subgroups, the more severe mobility disability, the more
special attention is needed. The severely disabled are seeking a quiet
and peaceful destination that allows them to be independent and that
provides easy access. Travel suppliers should know that the
moderately and severely disabled use only two modes of
transportation: car or van and air. Mobility-disabled consumers are
very loyal to destination hotels, motels and resorts that are sensitive
to their needs while not being patronizing.

17. Emergence of Group Travel Patterns
A. TRAVEL CLUBS -are groups of people, sometimes with a common interest,
who have formed travel organizations for their mutual benefit.
B. LOW-PRICED GROUP TRAVEL -Many tour companies cater to common-
interest groups, such as the members of a religious group or professional
or work group. A tour is aranged often at reasonable cost, and is promoted
to the members of the group.
C. PUBLIC CARRIER GROUP RATES AND
ARRANGEMENTS - Airline's and other public
carriers make special rates available for groups; a
common number is 10 or 15 at discounted rates. A
free ticket is issued to the groups escort or leader.
Chartering all or part of a public transportation

18. Social (Subsidized) Tourism
● Although there is as yet no agreed of social tourism, there has been considerable study of
the question. W.Hunziker at the second congress of social tourism held at Vienna and
Salzburg in1959 proposed the following definition:'' social tourism is a type of tourism
practiced by low income groups, and which is rendered posible and facilitated by entirly
seperate and therefore easily recognizable service.'' Another definition, that of M.Andre
Poplimont, is as follows:'' social tourism is a type of tourism practiced by those who would
not be able to meet the cost without social intervention, that is, without the assistance of an
association to which the individual belongs.'' From these definitions and form the reports of
the three International Congresses on Social Tourism, it is clear that certain elements mat
be described. First is the idea of ''limited means.'' Second, social tourism is subsidized by
the states, local authorities, employers, trade unions, clubs, or other associations to which
the workers belongs. Third, it involves travel outside thae normal place of residence,
preferably to a different environment that is usually within the tourist's own country or
sometimes to a country nearby.

19. ● A. HOLIDAYS WITH PAY
Paid holidays are now established all over the world, and in most countries a
minimum duration is specified either by law or by collective agreement. Some,
however, consider this institution only a first stage, and they believe that attention
should now be turned to the way in which these holidays are used. Great subjects
of discussion by twentieth-century sociologies are:
(1) the use of the increased leisure time now available to workers, and
(2) the cultural and educational development that such leisure time makes
possible.
There will be some, however, who for reasons of age, health, family responsibility
or disinclination are unwilling to join in such holidays even when all arrangements
are made for them.

20. ● B. DETERMINATION OF NEEDS
In Belgium, almost 60 percent of the respondents to an inquiry preferred a continious stay to moving from
place to place, but this preference was more marked among older people than among younger ones. In the
Netherlands, another inquiry revealed that about a million holidaymakers preffered not rely on the hospitality
of relatives if other facilities within their means were provided. It was evident facilities of this kind were
inadequate. It was also found that the tendency to take holidays away from home was increasing and that
more attention should be given to the educational andd cultural aspects of tourism. Studies in France and Italy
have found orders of preference among the countryside, the seaside, the mountains, health resorts and other
places; and in Sweden and Italy, inquiries have been carried out into the types of accomodations favored.

22. ● D. PROVISION OF INFORMATION
In the development of social tourism, other problems arise, but these are largely common to tourism in
general. The provision of information, however, deserves brief mention here, because many of the
beneficiaries of social tourism will have little knowledge of the special attractions of different resorts.

23. ● THE INTERNATIONAL TOURIST
International travel largely emanates from countries with a comparatively high standard of living, with high
social systems characterized by declining inequality of incomes and a sizable urban population.in addition,
these international travelers come from countries where large-scale industry and commerce comprise the
foundations of the economy and where the communications and information environment is dominated by the
mass media. The international market is largely made up of middle- income people.
Four Extremes Relating to the Behavior Preferences of the International Tourist
1. Relaxation versus activity
2. Familiarity versus novelty
3. Dependence versus autonomy
4. Order versus disorder

24. ● BARRIERS TO TRAVEL
While travel has become a popular social phenomenon, there are a number of reasons why people do not
travel extensively or do not travel at all. The reasons, products of psychological analysis, ae not meant to be
ultimate answers as to why people travel where they do. We can, however, look at the more concrete reasons
why those studied did not go on a trip during a certain period of time.
For most of these studies, barriers to travel fall into six broad categories:
1. Cost
2. Lack of time
3. Health limitations
4. Family stage
5. Lack of interest
6. Fear and safety

25. 1. Cost.
 Consumers operate within monetary constraints, and travel must compete with other allocations of funds.
Saving that travel is too expensive is an indirect way of saying that travel is not important, but, even
allowing this interprretation costs are a principal reason for staying home.
2. Lack of time.
 Many people cannot leave their businesses, jobs, or professions for vacation purposes.
3.Health limitations.
 Poor health and physical limitations keep many persons at home. Also the fear of contracting AIDS, severe
acute respiratory syndrome ( SARS ), Norwalk flu, bird flu, Legionnaire's disease, food poisoning, and so
on keep people from traveling. For many, health has become a major tourism safety issue.

26. 3. Health limitations
 Poor health and physical limitations keep many persons at home. Also the fear of contracting AIDS, severe
acute respiratory syndrome ( SARS ), Norwalk flu, bird flu, Legionnaire's disease, food poisoning, and so
on keep people from traveling. For many, health has become a major tourism safety issue.
4. Family stage.
 Parents of young children oftrn do not travel because of family obligations and inconviniences in traveling
with children. Widows and singles sometimes do not travel because of the lack of traveling companion.
5. Lack of interest.
 Unawareness of travel destination that would bring pleasurable satisfaction is a major barrier.
6. Fear and safety.
 Things unknown are often feared, and in travel, much is often not familiar to the would-be traveler. Wars,
unrest, and negative publicity about an area will create doubt and fear in the mind of the prospective
traveler. Terrorism has reared its ugly head in the last decade and is a deterrent to travel.

27. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by
Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon and infographics &
images by Freepik
THANKS