2. Members:
Muhammad Bilal (20-arid-2319)
Muqadisa Waheed (20-arid-2325)
Javeria Abbasi (20-arid-2314)
Palwasha Fatima (20-arid-2327)
Bibi Humaira (20-arid-2304)
Muhammad Nasir (20-arid-2321)
Saman Sana (20-arid-2331)
3. Introduction:
Cancer Research labs are designated places where experimentation is performed in order to
problem solving and development of any possible anticancer agents or treatment.
The research on cancer have been outgrowing since the frequency of cancer occurrence has
increased due To lot of physiological or environmental factors.
4. Aim and objectives of CRL
4 point agenda (discover ,detect , prevent and treat)
Basic aim is to understand the fundamental biology of cancer and lead to new prevention
measures, tests and treatments.
5. Working of Cancer Research Lab
A cancer research laboratory typically conducts experiments to understand the biology of cancer,
identify potential treatments, and develop diagnostic tools.
Study Design: Researchers plan experiments, defining objectives and methodologies. They
consider variables like cell types, treatments, and analysis methods.
Cell Culture: Cancer cells are cultured to create a controlled environment for studying their
behaviour. This includes maintaining specific conditions such as temperature, humidity, and
nutrient levels.
Genetic Analysis: DNA and RNA from cancer cells are analysed. Techniques like PCR and
sequencing help identify genetic mutations that may contribute to cancer development.
6. Drug Screening: Testing various compounds or drugs on cancer cells to assess their effects. This
helps identify potential therapeutic agents for further investigation.
Animal Models: In vivo studies involve using animals to mimic human conditions. Researchers
observe how tumours respond to treatments, providing insights into potential clinical applications.
Imaging Techniques: Advanced imaging methods, such as MRI or PET scans, are used to visualize
tumours and understand their characteristics. This aids in diagnosis and treatment planning.
Data Analysis: Collected data is analysed using bioinformatics tools and statistical methods.
Researchers interpret results to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of treatments or
underlying mechanisms.
7. Collaboration: Collaboration with other research groups, clinicians, and industry experts is crucial.
This fosters a multidisciplinary approach, enhancing the translation of laboratory findings to
practical applications.
Publication and Presentation: Researchers share their findings through scientific publications and
presentations at conferences. This contributes to the collective knowledge in the field.
Clinical Trials: Successful laboratory findings may lead to clinical trials, where potential
treatments are tested on human subjects under controlled conditions.
Ethical Considerations: Adherence to ethical guidelines is paramount. Researchers must prioritize
patient safety, privacy, and informed consent throughout the research process.
8. GLP for Cancer Research Labs
Definition:
Good Lab practices are like a guidebook that helps us do cancer research in the right way, making
sure our results are accurate and trustworthy.
Importance:
In cancer research, where we study and find ways to treat cancer, following these rules is super
important to get the right answers.
9. Key GLP Principles :
Documentation: Writing down everything we do in experiments helps us remember and share
what we find out.
Equipment Calibration: Making sure our lab tools are working correctly is like checking that our
rulers measure things the right way.
Personnel Training: Training our team well means everyone knows how to do things correctly, like
a sports team practicing together.
Controlled Environments: Keeping our lab clean and controlled, like making sure our kitchen is
tidy, helps us avoid mistakes.
Quality Assurance: Checking the work regularly and getting feedback .
10. Importance in Cancer Research
Adherence to GLP Guidelines are important for
Maintaining research Integrity ,
producing high quality data and
Contributing to advancement in cancer research
11. Quality Assurance:
Quality assurance (QA) is a systematic process and set of activities implemented to ensure that a product,
service, or process meets specified requirements and standards. It involves the establishment of quality
objectives, monitoring, and continuous improvement to enhance overall performance and reliability.
It incorporates a range of planning, procedure, system and programs that enable laboratories.
Aim to achieve and maintain high levels of accuracy and proficiency on results reported.
It prevents inconsistencies and errors.
12. Types of Quality Assurances:
INTERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE;
Set of activities undertaken within an organization
Creating quality management system
Implementing standardized processes
Conducting regular audits
EXTRERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE;
An independent assessment of organization products or services by external entities.
Enhances credibility
Gain certifications
Assured quality
13. Contd
PROCESS QUALITY ASSURANCE:
Ensure all activities carried out in process are efficiently and effectively done.
Monitors key performance indicators
Identify the bottlenecks
Implement process improvements to enhance quality
PRODUCT QUALITY ASSURANCE:
Involves the testing and evaluation of final product before release
Rectification of defects and inconsistencies
Functional testing
Performance testing
Security testing
14. Quality Control
Quality control (QC) plays a crucial role in cancer research laboratories to ensure the accuracy,
reliability, and reproducibility of experimental results.
The primary goals of quality control in cancer research include maintaining the integrity of data,
validating experimental procedures, and adhering to ethical standards.
15. Contd.
DOCUMENTED PROCEDURES:
Ensure that all laboratory procedures are well-documented. This includes protocols for
sample preparation, data collection, analysis, and reporting.
CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE:
Regularly calibrate and maintain laboratory equipment such as spectrophotometers,
centrifuges, and PCR machines. This ensures accurate and reproducible results.
DATA VERIFICATION:
Implement a system for double-checking data entry and analysis to minimize errors. This
includes verifying that data in laboratory notebooks matches electronic records.
16. Contd..
DOCUMENTATION AND RECORD KEEPING:
Maintain detailed records of all experimental procedures, instrument calibrations, and any
deviations from standard protocols. This documentation is essential for traceability and
audit purposes.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS:
Adhere to ethical guidelines in research, including obtaining proper informed consent for
human samples and following relevant animal care and use protocols. By implementing
these quality control measures, a cancer research laboratory can enhance the reliability
and validity of its results, contributing to the advancement of scientific knowledge in the
field.
18. CLIA: Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment
Under CLIA laboratory is defined facility that perform testing on material derived from
human body for providing information for diagnosis of any disease impaired human body.
If a cancer research facility conducts diagnostic tests on human samples, it may be
required to follow CLIA rules.
CLIA accreditation assures that clinical laboratories meet federal criteria for test
quality, precision, and dependability. Cancer laboratories are largely concerned with
studying the illness and discovering novel treatments; however, certain labs may do
diagnostic tests for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, or monitoring therapy responses.
19. AAALAC: International accreditations
AAALAC international accreditation is around the world as a symbol of high quality
animal care and used for research, testing well promoting animal welfare.
If the cancer research lab involves animal studies, AAALAC International certification
becomes necessary.
This certification indicates that the lab maintains good animal care and welfare
standards.
Achieving ethical and understanding animal care is not only a statutory necessity, but it
is also critical to the research's credibility and ethics.
20. CAP: laboratory accreditation program
The CAP is an internationally recognized program that utilized team of practicing laboratory
professionals.
The CAP certification process is demanding, with the goal of ensuring that the lab's results are
accurate, reliable, and reproducible.
Test findings are reliable since they have undergone rigorous testing and validation.
Every information, from room temperature to chemical lots to machine serial numbers, was
documented for each patient sample examined.
21. Summary:
In cancer research labs we;
Understand the mechanisms of cancer
Explore potential treatments
Diagnosis of cancer
Proper working procedures, rules and regulations are followed.
Good laboratory practices are implemented to;
Maintain the high data quality and laboratory practices
Ensures the reliability and credibility of research outcomes
22. Contd..
Certifications are significant for safety insurance.
They make data and results more trustful and efficient.
Quality control and quality assurance are the major keys of success in these labs. They make sure
a High level accuracy and proficiency on results reported. It prevents inconsistencies and errors.
