This document provides an overview of biotechnology in Pakistan across several industries. It discusses how biotechnology is used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, food and agriculture, and textile industries in Pakistan. Enzymes and microorganisms are used in industrial bioprocessing. The pharmaceutical industry utilizes biotechnology for vaccine and antibiotic production. The chemical industry uses biotechnology for citric acid and lactic acid production. Biotechnology enhances crop breeding and development of BT cotton in the agriculture industry. It also improves textile fiber quality and processing.

1. BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY, DATA, TRENDS, IMPORTED
PRODUCTS, USES, DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTS, LEVEL OF
DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION

2. PRESENTED BY:
• ALEENA ELAHI (FA29-BSO-098)
• QURRAT-UL-AIN ZAIB (FA20-BSO-099)
• MUHAMMAD HUMAYUN (FA20-BSO-100)
• NIMRA IFTIKHAR (FA20-BSO-101)
• SABICA TAHIRA (FA20-BSO-102)

3. BIOTECHNOLOGY:
• “BIOTECHNOLOGY IS TECHNOLOGY THAT UTILIZES BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, LIVING
ORGANISMS OR PARTS OF THIS TO DEVELOP OR CREATE DIFFERENT PRODUCTS”
• THE PRINCIPAL SUBFIELDS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY ARE CLINICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY,
HORTICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY, MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY, MARINE
BIOTECHNOLOGY, FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY, AND ECOLOGICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY.
• CURRENT BIOTECHNOLOGY KEEPS ON MAKING HUGE COMMITMENTS TO EXPANDING
THE HUMAN LIFE EXPECTANCY AND WORKING ON PERSONAL SATISFACTION,
INCLUDING GIVING ITEMS AND TREATMENTS BATTLE ILLNESSES, PRODUCING
HIGHER HARVEST YIELDS, AND USING BIOFUELS TO DECREASE OZONE HARMING
SUBSTANCE DISCHARGES.

4. INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY:

5. INDUSTRIAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY:
• THE CURRENT USAGE AND APPLICATION OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR THE SUSTAINABLE
PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING OF
CHEMICALS, MATERIALS, AND FUELS FROM
RENEWABLE SOURCES USING LIVE CELLS OR
THEIR ENZYMES IS KNOWN AS INDUSTRIAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY

6. • FIGURE IS FROM ADVANCES IN INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY RAM SARUP SINGH, ASHOK PANDEY &
CHRISTIAN LARROCHE (EDS.) IK INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING HOUSE PVT. LTD., INDIA, PP 1-35

7. INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IN PAKISTAN:
• ENZYMES, MICROORGANISMS, OR PLANT/ANIMAL CELLS ARE USED IN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSING TO
PRODUCE GOODS IN A VARIETY OF INDUSTRIAL SECTORS, INCLUDING CHEMICALS, MEDICINES, FOOD &
FEED, TEXTILES, AND AGRICULTURE. SOME INDUSTRIES THAT USE BIOTECHNOLOGY IN PAKISTAN ARE
LISTED BELOW:
1. PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
2. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
3. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY
4. TEXTILE INDUSTRY

8. PHARMACUTICAL INDUSTRY

9. PHARMACUTICAL INDUSTRY OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY:
• PAKISTAN'S PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET IS AT ABOUT US$ 1.3 BILLION. IN THE
NATION, THERE ARE 475 REGISTERED PHARMACEUTICAL UNITS IN OUR COUNTRY.
• LOCAL COMPANIES ARE ESSENTIALLY INVOLVED IN MARKETING OF IMPORTED
ACTIVE INGREDIENT. AND >90% OF THE COST OF THE FINISHED PRODUCT IS GOING
TO THE IMPORTED MATERIALS.
• MAJOR PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES OF PAKISTAN INCLUDE
• GLAXOSIMTH KLINE PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LTD.
• ABBOTT LABORATORIES PAKISTAN.
• GETZ PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LTD.

10. HUMAN VACCINE
• THE CREATION OF HUMAN VACCINATIONS HAS RECEIVED LITTLE ATTENTION FROM OUR
ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS AND R&D (RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT) ORGANIZATIONS.
• NEARLY 95% OF PAKISTAN'S ESSENTIAL HEALTHCARE REQUIREMENTS ARE IMPORTED
• THE BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION DIVISION (BPD) AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH
(NIH)
• SINCE 1967, THE ONLY MANUFACTURER OF ANTI SNAKE VENOM SERUM (ASVS) HAS
BEEN THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH.
• HEPATITIS B VACCINE PRODUCTION BY NCEMB

11. ANTIBIOTICS
• AUGMENTIN AS WE ALL ARE FAMILIAR TO IT.
• COMPANY: GLAXOSIMTH KLINE PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LTD.
• CONTAINS AMOXICILLIN
• AMOXICILLIN: DERIVATIVE OF PENICILLIN
• PENICILLINS ARE A GROUP OF ANTIBIOTICS ORIGINALLY OBTAINED FROM
PENICILLIUM
MOLDS (FUNGI)
• AS GSK IS MULTINATIONAL COMPANY PENICILLIN IS ALSO IMPORTED

12. INCENTIVES FOR THE VACCINE AND
BIOLOGICAL INDUSTRIES:
THE PAKISTANI GOVERNMENT IS REQUESTED TO TAKE VARIOUS INCENTIVES TO HELP
THIS SECTOR EXPAND
• TAX BREAKS AND SPECIAL COST-SHARING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SPECIFIC PARTS
(APPLICABLE TO THE ENTIRE VACCINATION BUSINESS);
• LOAN WITH FAVORABLE CONDITIONS,
• SPECIAL INCENTIVES FOR EXPORT-RELATED BUSINESSES, AND TRAINING REWARDS
FOR TECHNICAL EMPLOYEES

13. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

14. HISTORY OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
•IN 1736 PHARMACIST JOSHUA WARD DEVELOPED INDUSTRIAL PROCESS FOR
THE PRODUCTION OF SULFURIC ACID .
• PREPARATION OF SULPHURIC ACID IS CALLED CONTACT PROCESS DUE TO ITS
MOST IMPORTANT STEPS.
•WHERE SULPHUR DIOXIDE IS OXIDIZED TO SULPHUR TRIOXIDE IN THE
PRESENCE OF A CATALYST.

15. HISTORY OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
•AFTER OXIDIZATION OF SULPHUR, COMBINE WITH WATER. IT WAS THE FIRST
PRACTICAL PRODUCTION OF SULFURIC ACID ON A LARGE SCALE.
•IN PAKISTZZAN CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY STARTED OUT TO
EMERGE IN 1950-1953,AFTER THAT (PIDC) CREATED A HUGE CHEMICAL
COMPOUNDS PROPERTY AT MIANWALI, KARACHI AND LAHORE.

16. BIOTECHNOLOGY PLAY IMPORTANT ROLES
IN CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS.
• CITRIC ACID: COMMERCIALLY-PRODUCED IN ENGLAND(1826 ).GERMANY
PRODUCED THROUGH SUBMERGED CULTURE FERMENTATION IN 1919.
• CITRIC ACID IS COMPLETELY PRODUCED BY WAY OF FERMENTATION.
1)SUBMERGED FERMENTATION: IS A METHOD OF CULTIVATING MICROORGANISMS
IN LIQUID NUTRIENT MEDIA. FOR INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION.
2)SUBMERGED CULTURE FERMENTATION: A METHOD FOR GROWING PURE
CULTURES OF AEROBIC BACTERIA IN WHICH MICROORGANISMS ARE INCUBATED IN A
LIQUID MEDIUM FOR INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION.

17. BIOTECHNOLOGY PLAY IMPORTANT ROLES
IN CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS.
APPLICATION OF CITRIC ACID:
• FOOD ADDITIVE. CITRIC ACID IS USED IN FOOD AS A FLAVOURING AGENT AND
PRESERVATIVE.
• CLEANING AGENT. CITRIC ACID IS ONE OF THE CHELATING AGENTS.
• COSMETICS. CITRIC ACID HELPS IN THE REMOVAL OF DEAD SKIN.

18. LACTIC ACID SYNTHESIS
THE INDUSTRIAL PROCESS FOR CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF LACTIC ACID IS PRIMARILY
BASED ON SUPPLY A RACEME COMBINATION LIKE ACETALDEHYDE AND HYDROGEN
CYANIDE ARE USED AS A RAW MATERIAL TO PRODUCE LACTONITRILE UNDER HIGH
PRESSURE AND IN THE PRESENCE OF A BASE IN LIQUID PHASE. THE CRUDE OF
LACTONITRILE IS RECOVERED THROUGH PURIFICATION COMPLETED VIA
DISTILLATION. THEN IT IS HYDROLYZED TO LACTIC ACID.

19. LACTIC ACID SYNTHESIS
APPLICATIONS:
LACTIC ACID USED IN FOOD INDUSTRY, PHARMACEUTICAL, COSMETIC PRODUCTS .IT
HAS WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATION SUCH AS,
• IMPROVED THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF FOOD.
• CONTROL OF INTESTINAL INFECTION.
• IMPROVED OF DIGESTION OF LACTOSE.
• CONTROL OF SOME TYPE OF CANCER AND CONTROL OF SERUM CHOLESTEROL
LEVEL.

20. AGRICULTURAL
INDUSTRY

21. AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY
• IN MOLECULAR BREEDING OR MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION, DNA
FINGERPRINTING IS A STRONG GENOMIC TOOL THAT IS CURRENTLY BROADLY
UTILIZED IN CROP REARING PROJECTS. THIS INNOVATION IS HELPFUL IN THE
ACCOMPANYING REGIONS:
• TO ASSESS THE GENETIC VARIETY OF A PARTICULAR CROP.
• TO DETACH QUALITIES OF INTEREST BY MAKING THICK GENOME MAPS.
• RESEARCH WORK IS BEING FINISHED AT NIBGE AND NIGAB TO FIND AND SECLUDE
BENEFICIAL QUALITIES FOR PLANT CHANGE.

22. AGRICULTURAL
INDUSTRY

23. AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY
• CENTRAL COTTON RESEARCH INSTITUTE (CCRI), MULTAN IS STRIVING
HARD TO DEVELOP NEW COTTON VARIETIES WITH TOLERANCE TO
STRESSES AND DESIRED FIBER TRAITS.
• BT COTTON IS A VARIETY OF COTTON GENETICALLY MODIFIED TO
CONTAIN A GENE OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS (BT), WHICH IS FOREIGN TO
ITS GENOME AND IS A NATURALLY OCCURRING SOIL BACTERIUM USED TO
CONTROL LEPIDOPTERAN INSECTS BECAUSE OF A TOXIN IT PRODUCES.

24. AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY
IN MAY 2005 PAEC PROVIDED 40,000.00 KG BASIC SEED OF BT
COTTON (INSECT RESISTANT) VARIETIES “IR-FH-901”, “IR-NIBGE-
2”, “IR-CIM-448” AND “IR-CIM-443”; WHICH HAVE BEEN GROWN
OVER 8,000 ACRES OF LAND IN SEASON 2005-06. ITS
ENCOURAGING OUTCOMES HAVE SURPRISED EVERY ONE FROM
SEED COMPANIES TO THE FARMERS WHO CULTIVATED THESE
VARIETIES.

25. AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY
• PROBIOTIC BASED ADDITIVES FOR POULTRY INDUSTRY
• BIO-FEED ADDITIVES ARE COMPOUNDS WHICH ARE ADDED TO A DIET FOR SUPPLY
NUTRIENTS TO THE ANIMALS.
• IN GENERAL, THE PURPOSES OF FEED ADDITIVES ARE TO ENHANCE PRODUCTION
EFFICIENCY, TO IMPROVE HEALTH, AND TO REDUCE MORBIDITY
• BIO-FEED ADDITIVE DEVELOPED BY PCSIR IS CONSISTED OF LIVE FORMULATION OF
BENEFICIAL MICROBES (SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE & BACILLUS SUBTILIS ETC.)
WHICH ARE ADSORBED ON PROCESSED BENTONITE AND RICE POLISH AS A CARRIER
MATERIAL IN POWDER FORM.

26. TEXTILE INDUSTRY

27. TEXTILE INDUSTRY
• THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN'S ECONOMY IS FREQUENTLY REGARDED AS HAVING ITS
FOUNDATION IN THE TEXTILE SECTOR.
• TEXTILE SECTOR IS THE WORLD'S THIRD-LARGEST CONSUMER, SIXTH-LARGEST IMPORTER OF RAW
COTTON, AND FOURTH-LARGEST PRODUCER OF COTTON.
• ABOUT 8.5 PERCENT OF THE NATION'S GDP, OR 46% OF TOTAL OUTPUT, COMES FROM THE TEXTILE
INDUSTRY.
• IN THE 1950S, PAKISTAN BEGAN TO INDUSTRIALISE, AND PIDC WAS ESTABLISHED WITH THAT GOAL
AS ITS PRIMARY MISSION.
• ABOUT 180 TEXTILE BLEACHING, PRINTING, AND PROCESSING UNITS EXISTED BY THE MIDDLE OF THE
1960S, IN PUNJAB

28. DUE TO SEVERAL FACTORS, INCLUDING THE CULTIVATION OF
TRADITIONAL VARIETIES AND USING TRADITIONAL METHODS,
POOR MARKETING, AND THE FAILURE TO PAY COTTON
PRODUCERS ON TIME, COTTON FARMING IN PAKISTAN HAS
DECREASED IN 2009.

29. IMPORTANCE IF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN TEXTILE PROCESSING:
•ENZYMATIC PROCESS ENHANCES THE VARIETY OF PLANT USED IN TEXTILE FIBER
PRODUCTION
•BIOTECHNOLOGY HELP THE QUALITY CONTROL
•TO IMPROVE BOTH THE FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED KNOWLEDGE NEEDED TO
ESTABLISH QUALITY STANDARDS FOR EVALUATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND INSTRUMENTAL PROCEDURES.
•TO PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY TEXTILE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY.
•TO CONSERVE NATURAL RESOURCES SUCH AS ENERGY AND CHEMICALS.
•TO INCREASE THE END PRODUCT’S QUALITY.

30. APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY:
•APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY CAN BE CATEGORIES
AS FOLLOWS:
•IMPROVEMENT IN NATURAL FIBERS
•NOVEL FIBERS AND POLYMERS
•DEGRADATION OF AZO DYES

31. AN UPGRADE TO NATURAL FIBRES
•BOTH THE CREATION OF NEW POLYMERIC MATERIALS AND
THE CREATION OF NATURAL FIBRES WITH SIGNIFICANTLY
ENHANCED AND ALTERED QUALITIES HAVE THE POTENTIAL
TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY AIDED BY BIOTECHNOLOGY
•COTTON: IMPROVING INSECT, DISEASE, AND HERBICIDE
RESISTANCE TO ADDRESS COTTON CROP CULTIVATION'S KEY
PROBLEMS AND INCREASE QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY.
OVER TIME, COTTON FIBRE IS DEVELOPING NEW PROPERTIES
LIKE IMPROVED STRENGTH, LENGTH, APPEARANCE,
MATURITY, AND COLOUR

32. AN UPGRADE TO NATURAL FIBRES
• BOLLGARD COTTON, ALSO REFERRED TO AS BT COTTON, WAS CREATED
BY INTRODUCING THE CRY1AC GENE, AN INSECTICIDAL PROTEIN DERIVED
FROM THE BACTERIUM BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS, INTO COTTON SEEDS TO
BOOST THEIR PEST RESISTANCE. A GRAM-POSITIVE AEROBIC SOIL-
DWELLING BACTERIA CALLED BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS CAN PRODUCE
FOUR DISTINCT KINDS OF TOXINS IN THE FORM OF CRYSTAL
PROTEINACEOUS POISONS, THE MOST SIGNIFICANT OF WHICH IS -
ENDOTOXIN. THE CRY1AC GENE IS INCLUDED IN THE GENOME OF
GENETICALLY ALTERED COTTON, WHICH ALLOWS IT TO CREATE ITS OWN
CRYSTAL-HAZARDOUS PROTEIN. THE STATED TOXIN IS INGESTED BY A
BOLLWORM WHEN IT ASSAULTS A COTTON PLANT AND CONSUMES ANY OF
ITS PARTS, KILLING IT. THE POISON DOES NOT HARM LADYBIRDS,
NEUROPTERANS, OR BEES. CERTAIN TYPES OF CATERPILLARS ARE
PROTECTED FROM COTTON PLANTS, WHILE LEAF LICE ARE NOT. THE USE
OF HALF AS MANY PESTICIDES IN BT COTTON FARMING LEADS TO
REDUCED AIR, WATER, AND SOIL POLLUTION

33. BLEACHING:
•IT WHITENS THE FABRIC, ENSURING THAT THE YELLOWISH BACKGROUND
COLOUR OF COTTON HAS NO EFFECT ON THE DYED COLOUR
•FOR A LONG TIME, REDUCING AGENTS LIKE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (H2O2) HAVE
BEEN EMPLOYED. BECAUSE BOTH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND PERACID ARE
UNSTABLE, THE ABILITY TO SYNTHESISE PERACIDS IN SITU IS ADVANTAGEOUS.
•PER HYDROLASE ENZYMES CAN PRODUCE PERACIDS. THEY ACCEPT HYDROGEN
PEROXIDE INSTEAD OF WATER AS THE NUCLEOPHILE, RESULTING IN THE
PRESENCE OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS DURING THE CONVERSION TO
CORRESPONDING PEROXYACIDS.

34. THANK YOU