2. Introduction
• Bhagat Singh was born on 27 september 1907 in Banga, in district
Layalpur.
• Bhagat Singh’ s mother was vidayawati and his father S. Kishan Singh was
a revolutionary freedom fighter.
• Bhagat Singh was admitted to the village District Board Primary School
under the care of his grandfather. He done his matric from D.A.V high
school ,Lahore. After schooling, he admitted to National College,Lahore,
where he met with Sukhdev, Bhagwati Charan Bohra, Yashpal, Jai dev
Gupta and Ram Krishna.
• He was so much influenced by Kartar Singh Sarabha. The massacre at
Jallianwala Bagh on April,13,1919 also drove great impact on Bhagat
Singh.
• For the independence of India, Bhagat left his house and went to Kanpur
when his parents force him to marry.
• In Kanpur Bhagat Singh started writing under the pseudonym ‘Balwant’in
the newspaper ‘Partap’.
4. Killing of John Saunders
• In 1928, British government constituted a simon commission to analysis the political condition of India. But
there is no Indian in this commission, therefore this commission is criticized/boycotted by many Indian
political leaders. The commission visited Lahore on 30 October 1928, Lala Lajpat Rai led a march in protest
against it. Police attempted to end this march. James A Scott, who was the superintendent of police ,ordered
the police to lathi charge the protesters. Lala Lajpat Rai injured in this fight. Lala Lajpat Rai died on 17
November 1928.
• Bhagat Singh wanted to take the revenge f Lala ji’ death and he decided that he would kill John Scott. On
December 17, Rajguru and Bhagat Singh were to walk in front of the office armed with pistols to shoot Scott
as he was leaving the office at around 4 pm. But Coincidentally, Scott was on tour that day and when he saw
Vice-Captain Saunders coming out on a motorcycle at the appointed time, Rajguru shot him and then Bhagat
Singh also shot him, causing him to fall on the spot. It just collapsed. In this way, they both killed Saunders.
• Channan Singh (the constable) chased Bhagat Singh there Azad shoot on Channan Singh’s thigh, with which
he fell down. was dragged by two students to a nearby dispensary, where he was died. It is to be mentioned
that his death was due to incalculable bleeding. His life could have been saved if he had been rushed to
hospital and operated on.
5. Escape from Lahore
• The responsibility for evicting Bhagat Singh and Rajguru from Lahore was
given to Sukhdev and Vohra family.
• It was decided that he would leave for Calcutta Train at 5.30 am, the next
morning.
• Bhagat Singh put on an overcoat, turned the collar upside,Which covered
his face and the little girl (Bhagwati Vohra’s daughter) was also in his lap,
Bhagat Singh also used it as a means to hide his face.
• Bhabhi was with him in luxury and Rajguru was also with him as a servant.
Bhagat Singh conceal his identity, while he buy a Ticket.
• Therefore with the help of Sukhdev, Bhagat Singh was succeeded to escape
from the Lahore.
6. Delhi Assembly bombing and arrest
• Bhagat learnt to make a bomb from Jatin das.
• At Bhagat Singh’s suggestion, the central committee decided to drop a bomb in a vacant seat in the
assembly when bills had been voted on and the result had been voted on and the result was yet to be
declared.
• On April,8,1929 Bhagat Singh,Dutt and Jaydev enter in the assembly hall with the help of an MLA.
• However the bomb was not made to injured any person but some member including George Ernest
Schuster, the finance member of the Viceroy’s Executive Council, were injured.
• They had the opportunity to escape from the assembly, but instead of escaping from the assembly,
they stayed here and chanted slogans “Imperialism Murdabad, Inqilab- Zindabad”.
7. Assembly case trial
• Bhagat Singh remanded in police custody till April 22,1929 and sent to Delhi jail .
• His father Kishan Singh met him in jail,with barrster Asif Ali, because his father
wanted to persue his case.but Bhagat refused for it.
• The trial Started in the court of Additional Magistrate, Mr. Poole.
• Bhagat Singh filed their written statement on June 6, and ended on June 10.
• The court sentenced both Bhagat Singh and Dutt to the life in prison.
8. Hunger Strike
• Bhagat Singh and Dutt were sent to Delhi Jail on June 12,1929 where he went on hunger strike.
• Bhagat Singh was transferred to Mianwali jail on June 17,1929 , where he wrote a letter to the Inspector General of jails,
Punjab, requesting his transfer to central jail, Lahore.
• He also demanded that he was treated as political prisoners.
• A few days later, on or about June 25, 1929, Bhagat Singh was sent to the Central Jail, Lahore, where B.K. Dutt was
already present. Like Bhagat Singh, he had gone on a hunger strike demanding special facilities and like Bhagat Singh, he
had written a similar letter to the jail authorities about the facilities.
• The hunger strike brought a flood of sympathy for Bhagat Singh and his comrades in the hearts of the people of the
country. A number of rallies condemned the government’s stubborn attitude. Bhagat Singh Day was celebrated under the
presidency of Dr. Kishlu.
• The government tried to end the hunger strike by offering different items of foods to them, but Bhagat Singh
and other freedom fighter refused .Beside this government also tried to forcefully feeding them .
• By the adjournment motion in the central assembly against inhumane behavior of government , Bhagat finally heeded a
resolution of a congress party ,and ending his strike on 5 October 1929 after 116 days.
9. Court of Magistrate
• After the end of hunger strike, Bhagat Singh turned to his trial.
• In trial he had to face the prosecution team comprising of C. H. Carden-Noad, Kalandar Ali Khan,
Jai Gopal Lal, and the prosecuting inspector, Bakshi Dina Nath.
• The defence has 8 lawyers.
• On 4 October 1929 when the trial was started then accused chanted his favourite slogan “Inqlab
zindabad” and “Imperialism Murdabad”.
• On 21 October prem Dutt threw his slipper on jaygopal when he become the prosecution witness in
court. Following the incident, orders were issued to handcuff the accused. Bhagat Singh and others
immediately decided that no matter what happened, they would not appear in court until the order
was withdrawn.
• Magistrate ordered to proceed the trial without the presence of accused. This was a setback for
Singh as he could no longer use the trial as a forum to publicize his views.
10. Special tribunal
• The tribunal was appointed under Section 72 of the Government of India Act, 1919.
• Section 72 provides that the Governor-General of India could enforce the ordinance in
case of crisis so as to maintain peace in British India. Such a law shall apply as a law
passed by parliament for six months for the date of its enactment to the whole of India.
• The judges of this tribunal has power to proceeding even in the absence of accused.
Therefore people used to say about such courts, “No appeal, No lawyer, No argument”.
• During the hearing in court, Bhagat Singh and his accomplies sang patriotic song and
chanted their favorite slogans in the, which led to the forcible removal of the accused and
the evacuation of the courtroom.
• After this act, Bhagat Singh and other accused refused to go for a hearing,but the court
proceedings continued despite the absence of the accused.
• On 7 october 1930 the court gave the death sentence to Bhagat Singh along with Raj guru
and Sukhdev.
11. Appeal to the Privy Council
• Lala Duni Chand and Dr. Gopi Chand Bhargava convinced Bhagat Singh
to approach privy council.
• The party claimed that establishment of special tribunal was
illegal,because according to section 72 of Indian government act this
type of tribunal was only established in emergency.
• The appeal was rejected on the ground that it was governor general’s
prerogative to decide whether the conditions were normal or not.
12. Execution
• After the dismissal of appeal in privy council the court gave ordered of
death sentence to Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev and ordered to be
hanged on 24 March 1931.
• The fixed time was rescheduled and moved forward by 11 hours,and they
were hanged on without the supervision of any magistrate.
• The dead body of three were loaded into army and taken out of the back of
the Jail and secretly cremenated on the bank of Sutlej river, near
Hussaniwala.
• People managed to save some of the bodies parts of the martyrs.
• On the evening of March,24, a huge mourning possession was taken out
for the cremenation of the available body parts of Bhagat Singh and his
companions and they were cremenated on the bank of Ravi.
13. Conclusion
• At the whole we can say that Bhagat Singh sacrifice his life for the independence of India in the
age of 23 years.
• Many of the young people inspired from his life.
• There was a controversy between the people ,regarding the role of Bhagat Singh. Some people
believe Bhagat Singh as a role model, but some people were against the Bhagat due to his
revolutionary and violent acts. Such that members of Indian National Congress are opposed to
Bhagat Singh.
• Subash Chandra Bose said, “Bhagat Singh is today not a person, but a symbol. He symbolized the
spirit of revolt that has taken possession of country.”
