Please find the power point on Utero-Vaginal Prolapse. I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
Please find the power point on Utero-Vaginal Prolapse. I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
Pathophysiology of Normal Labor:
A series of events that take place in female genital organs to expel the product of conception that are fetus, placenta, membranes) out of womb through the vagina into the outer world. We further describe pathogenesis and features of different stages of labor
Pathophysiology of Normal Labor:
A series of events that take place in female genital organs to expel the product of conception that are fetus, placenta, membranes) out of womb through the vagina into the outer world. We further describe pathogenesis and features of different stages of labor
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
2. • Delivery of viable fetus through an incision in the
abdominal wall and intact uterus
• Primary caesarian – First caesarian section done on a
patient
• Secondary caesarian – Repeat procedure
3. 1. Previous caesarean section
2 Dystocia or dysfunctional labour (abnormalities of powers, passage and
passenger)
• Cephalopelvic disproportion
• Tumours complicating pregnancy
• Fetal macrosomia
• Malpresentations like brow and transverse lie and persistent
mentoposterior
• Deep transverse arrest
• Abnormal uterine action
• Threatened rupture and obstructed labour
• Failed forceps or vacuum
4. 3. Failed induction
4. Fetal distress and cord prolapse
5. Breech presentation (selected cases)
6. Other fetal indications
• Severe intrauterine growth restriction
• Multiple pregnancy (first twin nonvertex and
monoamniotic twins)
5. 7. Antepartum haemorrhage
• Placenta praevia
• Abruptio placenta (live fetus at term or failure to respond to amniotomy and
oxytocin)
• Vasa praevia
8. Maternal problems
• Elderly nullipara
• Prolonged period of infertility or pregnancy following in vitro fertilisation
• Bad obstetric history .
• Previous repair of nulliparous prolapse, stress incontinence or fistula
• HIV complicating pregnancy
9. On maternal request
6. LOWER SEGMENT CAESARIAN
• Cross matched blood should be available
• Indwelling catheter introduced
• Parts cleansed and draped
• Antibiotic prophylaxis given to prevent peuperal sepsis
• Thrombo prophylaxis in patients who have high risk for
DVT
• Paediatrician skilled in neonatal resuscitation should be
available.
7. LOWER SEGMENT CAESARIAN SECTION
Regional(epidural or spinal),general can be
used. In general anesthesia there is chance of mendelson
syndrome.
Tilting the patient 15° to the left in dorsal position
minimise aortocaval compression.
1.Pfannensteil incision: Most commonly used.
Transverse curvilinear incision just above pubic hairline.This is
then deepened down through the subcutaneous fat upto rectus
sheet,which is incised transversely.After separating two recti
muscle in midline,parietal peritoneum is opened.
8. • 2.Joel Cohen incision:modified transverse incision
placed about 3 cm below the line joining the 1 anterior
superior iliac spines.
• incision is higher than pfannelsteil incision and is not
curved
• Sharp dissection is minimised. The recti muscles are
separated by fingert traction. The rectus sheath may be
incised in the midline and both the fascia and
subcutaneous tissue are stretched by blunt finger
dissection.
• 3.Maylard incision: Recti muscles are divided.
9. • Dextro-rotation of uterus
corrected
• Doyens retraction is used
to visualise the lower
segment
• Small incision is made in
lowersegment and
extended laterally by using
scissors or fingers.
10. • In cephalic presentations the hand is
slipped into the uterine cavity and the head
is gently levered out of the incision
• The assistant may exert fundal pressure
on the fetal buttocks to aid in delivery of
the head.
• The mouth and nostrils are suctioned to
prevent aspiration and the rest of the body
is delivered by gentle traction. The
umbilical cord is doubly clamped and the
baby handed over to a person trained in
neonatal resuscitation
11. • As soon as the baby is delivered, an
oxytocin infusion is started.
• The uterine fundus contracts and the
placenta and membranes are removed
by controlled cord traction.
• Next, the uterine edges are held with
Allis forceps and the uterine incision is
closed in two layers of continuous
sutures
12. • The peritoneal cavity is cleaned and
after confirming mop and instrument
count, the abdominal wall is closed in
layers
• Parietal peritoneum need not be closed
• Rectus sheet closed with non-
absorbable or delayed absorbable
sutures
• Subcutaneous tissue closed if
necessary
• Skin sutured
13. • Close monitoring for the first 6-8 hours by means of –
1.Pulse
2.Blood pressure
3.Respiratory rate
4.Intake output chart
5.Vaginal bleeding
6.Condition of uterus
14. • Parenteral fluids given the first day
• Blood transfusion if excessive bleeding present
• Thromboprophylaxis if indicated,heparin can be
commenced
• Antibiotics may be continued post-op
• Oral fluids can be started after 6hours if there is no
vomiting
• Breast feeding can be initiated after 4 hours of surgery
• Urinary catheter can be removed the next day
• Dressing can be removed after 24-48 hours
15. • Early ambulation and deep breathing exercises are
necessary and started the next day
• Light solid diet started on third day.Laxatives given if
bowel movements not initiated
• Incision inspected each day for signs of infection
• If nonabsorbable sutures had been used for the skin,
• the patient can be discharged the day following sture
removal. If the skin incision is transverse and subcuticular
sutures are used, the patient can be discharged on the
5th day.
16. COMPLICATIONS
• INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS:
1.Primary haemorrhage
2.Injury to internal organs
3.Injury to baby
4.Difficulty in delivery of head
5.Anaesthetic complication
Aspiration
Mendelsons syndrome
Hypotension
Cardiac arrest
17. • POST-OPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS:
• Paralytic ileus
• Respiratoryy complications .
• Infection, peritonitis and pelvic abscess
• Pelvic thrombophlebitis
• Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
• Wound dehiscence
18. • LATE SEQUELE:
• Secondary postpartum haemorrhage
• Incisional hernia
• Scar endometriosis
• Vesicovaginal fistula
• Scar rupture in the next pregnancy
• Placenta praevia and adherent placenta in nex pregnancy
• Vesicovaginal fistula
• Increased incidence of bladder injury at a repeat caesarean or at hysterectomy
later on
