This document discusses Henry Mintzberg's contributions to management theory. Mintzberg viewed strategy formation through five concepts: plan, ploy, pattern, position, and perspective. According to Mintzberg, strategies emerge from organizations through experimentation and learning rather than formal planning. He argued that organizations should craft strategies rather than plan them. The document also briefly discusses other views of strategy formation and the importance of strategy for business success.

1. Strategy, Business Information,
and Analysis
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2. Background
 Technological advancements have led to the
emergence of new products and industries and
intensified competition.
 Strategic management is the primary responsibility of
any top management in ensuring that an organization
is capable of competing in the global arena.
 Entails analyzing and making decisions for an
organization to embark on building and upholding a
competitive advantage.
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3. Henry Mintzberg’s Contributions to
Management
 Henry Mintzberg, one of the principal contributors in
management, viewed strategy in five concepts, which
are independent of each other.
 Mintzberg: Strategies emerge from the organization
and are not predictable outcomes of the organization’s
formal hierarchical plans.
 Changes in strategies turn organizations into learning
institutions
 Managers perform experiments to be in line with the
changing environment.
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4. Henry Mintzberg’s Contributions to
Management
 Mintzberg: organizations should craft, rather than
plan, strategies
 Idea revolves around the Five Ps:
1. Plan: Strategies are made prior to the actions that are
consciously applied in line with those strategies.
- A plan is a way of contracting a particular
circumstance.
- A plan involves devising ideas and planning on
how to carry them out
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5. Henry Mintzberg’s Contributions to
Management
2. Ploy: tactic or strategy applied in an organized
manner in order to outsmart competitors.
3. Pattern: pattern portrays how successful an
organization is in implementing its strategy.
- pattern of action results in a structured and realized
strategy.
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6. Henry Mintzberg’s Contributions to
Management
4. Position: offers a balance between the organization’s
environment and its competition.
- company’s position helps in understanding its vision
in relation to external factors.
5. Perspective: how the organization perceives the world,
and how it fits into that world.
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7. Other views of Strategy
 Logical viewpoint: strategy is perceived as evolutionary
and adaptive, following a controlled structure.
 Cultural viewpoint: strategy is founded on
assumptions, experiences, and beliefs that are
observed in an organization over time.
 Political viewpoint: strategy materializes due to the
organization’s internal conflicts, where managers and
other groups argue and bargain their interests.
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8. Importance of Strategy
 Businesses cannot excel without a proper strategy.
 Strategy is a central apparatus that offers the basis of
every operation that an organization undertakes.
 Strategic management influences an organization’s
mission and vision
 Develops and implements policies and plans to assist
the organization in improving its operations.
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