Cache memory adalah memori sementara yang digunakan untuk menyimpan data yang sering diakses oleh CPU guna mempercepat akses data. Terdapat tiga level cache yaitu L1, L2, dan L3. L1 berada di dalam CPU dan paling cepat, sedangkan L2 dan L3 berada di luar CPU dan semakin besar kapasitasnya semakin mahal. Fungsi cache adalah menyediakan data yang dibutuhkan CPU sehingga mengurangi pengaruh kecepatan RAM yang le
Makalah ini membahas tentang memori komputer, terutama memori internal. Memori internal berfungsi sebagai penyimpanan sementara data dan program yang sedang diolah CPU. Ada beberapa jenis memori internal seperti RAM, cache memory, dan register. Makalah ini juga membedah karakteristik, organisasi, dan cara kerja memori internal.
Makalah ini membahas tentang cache memory, termasuk pengertian, ukuran, pemetaan, dan kebijakan tulis cache memory. Dijelaskan bahwa cache memory berfungsi untuk mempercepat akses CPU ke memory dengan meletakkan data yang sering diakses dekat CPU. Terdapat beberapa tingkatan cache memory berdasarkan kedekatannya dengan CPU.
Cache memory is a small, fast memory located close to the processor that stores frequently accessed data from main memory. When the processor requests data, the cache is checked first. If the data is present, there is a cache hit and the data is accessed quickly from the cache. If not present, there is a cache hit and the data must be fetched from main memory, which takes longer. Cache memory relies on principles of temporal and spatial locality, where frequently and nearby accessed data is likely to be needed again soon. Mapping functions like direct, associative, and set-associative mapping determine how data is stored in the cache. Replacement policies like FIFO, LRU, etc. determine which cached data gets replaced when new
Cache memory berfungsi mempercepat akses data dengan menyimpan salinan data dari memori utama. Terdapat beberapa elemen rancangan cache seperti ukuran blok, algoritma pengganti, dan fungsi pemetaan yang menentukan lokasi penyimpanan data di cache. Fungsi pemetaan langsung menempatkan setiap blok memori ke baris tunggal cache, sedangkan pemetaan asosiatif memungkinkan blok disimpan pada lokasi manapun.
The document discusses cache memory and provides information on various aspects of cache memory including:
- Introduction to cache memory including its purpose and levels.
- Cache structure and organization including cache row entries, cache blocks, and mapping techniques.
- Performance of cache memory including factors like cycle count and hit ratio.
- Cache coherence in multiprocessor systems and coherence protocols.
- Synchronization mechanisms used in multiprocessor systems for cache coherence.
- Paging techniques used in cache memory including address translation using page tables and TLBs.
- Replacement algorithms used to determine which cache blocks to replace when the cache is full.
Interface aplikasi I/O memungkinkan aplikasi untuk mengakses peralatan I/O secara standar melalui abstraksi dan enkapsulasi perbedaan peralatan. Sistem operasi menyediakan layanan I/O seperti penjadwalan I/O, buffering, caching, spooling, reservasi perangkat, dan penanganan kesalahan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi akses I/O dan menangani kesalahan.
Cache memory is a small, fast memory located close to the processor that stores frequently accessed instructions and data. There are typically three levels of cache (L1, L2, L3) with L1 being the smallest and fastest cache located directly on the CPU chip. The performance of a cache is measured by its hit ratio, with a higher hit ratio indicating better performance as the CPU is less likely to access the slower main memory.
Cache memory adalah memori sementara yang digunakan untuk menyimpan data yang sering diakses oleh CPU guna mempercepat akses data. Terdapat tiga level cache yaitu L1, L2, dan L3. L1 berada di dalam CPU dan paling cepat, sedangkan L2 dan L3 berada di luar CPU dan semakin besar kapasitasnya semakin mahal. Fungsi cache adalah menyediakan data yang dibutuhkan CPU sehingga mengurangi pengaruh kecepatan RAM yang le
Makalah ini membahas tentang memori komputer, terutama memori internal. Memori internal berfungsi sebagai penyimpanan sementara data dan program yang sedang diolah CPU. Ada beberapa jenis memori internal seperti RAM, cache memory, dan register. Makalah ini juga membedah karakteristik, organisasi, dan cara kerja memori internal.
Makalah ini membahas tentang cache memory, termasuk pengertian, ukuran, pemetaan, dan kebijakan tulis cache memory. Dijelaskan bahwa cache memory berfungsi untuk mempercepat akses CPU ke memory dengan meletakkan data yang sering diakses dekat CPU. Terdapat beberapa tingkatan cache memory berdasarkan kedekatannya dengan CPU.
Cache memory is a small, fast memory located close to the processor that stores frequently accessed data from main memory. When the processor requests data, the cache is checked first. If the data is present, there is a cache hit and the data is accessed quickly from the cache. If not present, there is a cache hit and the data must be fetched from main memory, which takes longer. Cache memory relies on principles of temporal and spatial locality, where frequently and nearby accessed data is likely to be needed again soon. Mapping functions like direct, associative, and set-associative mapping determine how data is stored in the cache. Replacement policies like FIFO, LRU, etc. determine which cached data gets replaced when new
Cache memory berfungsi mempercepat akses data dengan menyimpan salinan data dari memori utama. Terdapat beberapa elemen rancangan cache seperti ukuran blok, algoritma pengganti, dan fungsi pemetaan yang menentukan lokasi penyimpanan data di cache. Fungsi pemetaan langsung menempatkan setiap blok memori ke baris tunggal cache, sedangkan pemetaan asosiatif memungkinkan blok disimpan pada lokasi manapun.
The document discusses cache memory and provides information on various aspects of cache memory including:
- Introduction to cache memory including its purpose and levels.
- Cache structure and organization including cache row entries, cache blocks, and mapping techniques.
- Performance of cache memory including factors like cycle count and hit ratio.
- Cache coherence in multiprocessor systems and coherence protocols.
- Synchronization mechanisms used in multiprocessor systems for cache coherence.
- Paging techniques used in cache memory including address translation using page tables and TLBs.
- Replacement algorithms used to determine which cache blocks to replace when the cache is full.
Interface aplikasi I/O memungkinkan aplikasi untuk mengakses peralatan I/O secara standar melalui abstraksi dan enkapsulasi perbedaan peralatan. Sistem operasi menyediakan layanan I/O seperti penjadwalan I/O, buffering, caching, spooling, reservasi perangkat, dan penanganan kesalahan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi akses I/O dan menangani kesalahan.
Cache memory is a small, fast memory located close to the processor that stores frequently accessed instructions and data. There are typically three levels of cache (L1, L2, L3) with L1 being the smallest and fastest cache located directly on the CPU chip. The performance of a cache is measured by its hit ratio, with a higher hit ratio indicating better performance as the CPU is less likely to access the slower main memory.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang cache memory, yang merupakan memori sementara untuk mempercepat akses data oleh processor. Ia menjelaskan prinsip kerja, karakteristik, tujuan, ukuran, dan jenis pemetaan cache memory yaitu pemetaan langsung, asosiatif, dan asosiatif set.
Makalah ini membahas tentang cache memory. Cache memory merupakan memori yang berkecepatan tinggi yang digunakan sebagai perantara antara main memory dan CPU untuk meningkatkan kecepatan akses data.
This document discusses the key characteristics of computer memory, including location, capacity, unit of transfer, access methods, performance, physical type, physical characteristics, and organization. It covers different types of memory like CPU registers, main memory, cache, disk, and tape. The different access methods like sequential, direct, random, and associative access are explained. The memory hierarchy and performance aspects like access time, memory cycle time, and transfer rate are defined. Factors like cache size, mapping function, replacement algorithm, write policy, block size that impact cache performance are also summarized.
Explain cache memory with a diagram, demonstrate hit ratio and miss penalty with an example. Discussed different types of cache mapping: direct mapping, fully-associative mapping and set-associative mapping. Discussed temporal and spatial locality of references in cache memory. Explained cache write policies: write through and write back. Shown the differences between unified cache and split cache.
The document summarizes key characteristics of cache memory including location, capacity, unit of transfer, access methods, performance, physical types, organization, and hierarchy. It discusses cache memory in terms of where it is located (internal or external to the CPU), its typical sizes (word, block), access techniques (sequential, random, associative), performance metrics (access time, transfer rate), common physical implementations (SRAM, disk), and organizational aspects like mapping functions, replacement algorithms, and write policies. A cache sits between the CPU and main memory, using fast but small memory to speed up access to frequently used data from larger but slower main memory.
Makalah Organisasi Komputer - Direct Memory Access (DMA)Fajar Jabrik
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. DMA merupakan alat khusus yang memungkinkan transfer data langsung antara perangkat I/O dan memori utama tanpa campur tangan terus-menerus dari CPU.
2. Fungsi DMA adalah agar CPU dapat melakukan tugas lain selama transfer data sedang berlangsung.
3. Cara kerja DMA yaitu CPU mengkonfigurasi DMA controller, kemudian DMA controller melakukan transfer data secara langsung
Cache memory is a small, fast memory located between the CPU and main memory that stores copies of frequently used instructions and data. It accelerates computer speed while keeping costs low. When the CPU requests data, the cache is checked first for a cache hit before accessing the slower main memory. If the data is not found in cache, a cache miss occurs and the data must be retrieved from main memory, which is slower. Replacement algorithms like LRU determine which cached data to replace when new data must be added to a full cache.
Cache memory is a type of fast RAM that a computer processor can access more quickly than regular RAM. It stores recently accessed data from main memory to allow for faster future access if the same data is needed again. Cache memory is organized into levels based on proximity and speed of access to the processor, with L1 cache being fastest as it is located directly on the CPU chip, and L2 cache and main memory being progressively slower as they are located further away. Modern processors integrate both L1 and L2 cache onto the CPU package to improve performance by reducing access time.
Cache memory is a small, fast memory located close to the CPU that stores frequently accessed instructions and data. It aims to bridge the gap between the fast CPU and slower main memory. Cache memory is organized into blocks that each contain a tag field identifying the memory address, a data field containing the cached data, and status bits. There are different mapping techniques like direct mapping, associative mapping, and set associative mapping to determine how blocks are stored in cache. When cache is full, replacement algorithms like LRU, FIFO, LFU, and random are used to determine which existing block to replace with the new block.
Cache memory is a small, high-speed memory located between the CPU and main memory. It stores copies of frequently used instructions and data from main memory in order to speed up processing. There are multiple levels of cache with L1 cache being the smallest and fastest located directly on the CPU chip. Larger cache levels like L2 and L3 are further from the CPU but can still provide faster access than main memory. The main purpose of cache is to accelerate processing speed while keeping computer costs low.
The document discusses the memory hierarchy in computers. It explains that main memory communicates directly with the CPU, while auxiliary memory devices like magnetic tapes and disks provide backup storage. The total memory is organized in a hierarchy from slow but high-capacity auxiliary devices to faster main memory to an even smaller and faster cache memory. The goal is to maximize access speed while minimizing costs. Cache memory helps speed access to frequently used data and programs.
This document contains information about cache memory provided by multiple students:
- Cache memory is a fast type of volatile memory that stores frequently used data and programs to provide faster access for the CPU. It stores data temporarily until the computer is powered off.
- There are different levels of cache memory with L1 cache being the fastest and closest to the CPU. Cache mapping determines how data is stored in cache memory and there are three main types: direct mapping, associative mapping, and set associative mapping.
- When data is replaced in cache memory, different replacement algorithms are used to determine which data to remove. Write policies like write-through and write-back determine when written data is transferred from cache to main
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang memori komputer khususnya cache memory. Cache memory merupakan memori cepat yang berfungsi menyimpan data dan instruksi yang sering diakses untuk mempercepat akses prosesor. Dokumen menjelaskan definisi, cara kerja, desain, dan jenis-jenis cache memory seperti direct mapping, associative mapping, serta perbandingan antara cache dengan memori utama.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang sistem memori komputer termasuk memori cache, memori virtual, dan penyimpanan sekunder seperti harddisk, floppy disk, disk optik, dan tape magnetik.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang cache memory, yang merupakan memori sementara untuk mempercepat akses data oleh processor. Ia menjelaskan prinsip kerja, karakteristik, tujuan, ukuran, dan jenis pemetaan cache memory yaitu pemetaan langsung, asosiatif, dan asosiatif set.
Makalah ini membahas tentang cache memory. Cache memory merupakan memori yang berkecepatan tinggi yang digunakan sebagai perantara antara main memory dan CPU untuk meningkatkan kecepatan akses data.
This document discusses the key characteristics of computer memory, including location, capacity, unit of transfer, access methods, performance, physical type, physical characteristics, and organization. It covers different types of memory like CPU registers, main memory, cache, disk, and tape. The different access methods like sequential, direct, random, and associative access are explained. The memory hierarchy and performance aspects like access time, memory cycle time, and transfer rate are defined. Factors like cache size, mapping function, replacement algorithm, write policy, block size that impact cache performance are also summarized.
Explain cache memory with a diagram, demonstrate hit ratio and miss penalty with an example. Discussed different types of cache mapping: direct mapping, fully-associative mapping and set-associative mapping. Discussed temporal and spatial locality of references in cache memory. Explained cache write policies: write through and write back. Shown the differences between unified cache and split cache.
The document summarizes key characteristics of cache memory including location, capacity, unit of transfer, access methods, performance, physical types, organization, and hierarchy. It discusses cache memory in terms of where it is located (internal or external to the CPU), its typical sizes (word, block), access techniques (sequential, random, associative), performance metrics (access time, transfer rate), common physical implementations (SRAM, disk), and organizational aspects like mapping functions, replacement algorithms, and write policies. A cache sits between the CPU and main memory, using fast but small memory to speed up access to frequently used data from larger but slower main memory.
Makalah Organisasi Komputer - Direct Memory Access (DMA)Fajar Jabrik
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. DMA merupakan alat khusus yang memungkinkan transfer data langsung antara perangkat I/O dan memori utama tanpa campur tangan terus-menerus dari CPU.
2. Fungsi DMA adalah agar CPU dapat melakukan tugas lain selama transfer data sedang berlangsung.
3. Cara kerja DMA yaitu CPU mengkonfigurasi DMA controller, kemudian DMA controller melakukan transfer data secara langsung
Cache memory is a small, fast memory located between the CPU and main memory that stores copies of frequently used instructions and data. It accelerates computer speed while keeping costs low. When the CPU requests data, the cache is checked first for a cache hit before accessing the slower main memory. If the data is not found in cache, a cache miss occurs and the data must be retrieved from main memory, which is slower. Replacement algorithms like LRU determine which cached data to replace when new data must be added to a full cache.
Cache memory is a type of fast RAM that a computer processor can access more quickly than regular RAM. It stores recently accessed data from main memory to allow for faster future access if the same data is needed again. Cache memory is organized into levels based on proximity and speed of access to the processor, with L1 cache being fastest as it is located directly on the CPU chip, and L2 cache and main memory being progressively slower as they are located further away. Modern processors integrate both L1 and L2 cache onto the CPU package to improve performance by reducing access time.
Cache memory is a small, fast memory located close to the CPU that stores frequently accessed instructions and data. It aims to bridge the gap between the fast CPU and slower main memory. Cache memory is organized into blocks that each contain a tag field identifying the memory address, a data field containing the cached data, and status bits. There are different mapping techniques like direct mapping, associative mapping, and set associative mapping to determine how blocks are stored in cache. When cache is full, replacement algorithms like LRU, FIFO, LFU, and random are used to determine which existing block to replace with the new block.
Cache memory is a small, high-speed memory located between the CPU and main memory. It stores copies of frequently used instructions and data from main memory in order to speed up processing. There are multiple levels of cache with L1 cache being the smallest and fastest located directly on the CPU chip. Larger cache levels like L2 and L3 are further from the CPU but can still provide faster access than main memory. The main purpose of cache is to accelerate processing speed while keeping computer costs low.
The document discusses the memory hierarchy in computers. It explains that main memory communicates directly with the CPU, while auxiliary memory devices like magnetic tapes and disks provide backup storage. The total memory is organized in a hierarchy from slow but high-capacity auxiliary devices to faster main memory to an even smaller and faster cache memory. The goal is to maximize access speed while minimizing costs. Cache memory helps speed access to frequently used data and programs.
This document contains information about cache memory provided by multiple students:
- Cache memory is a fast type of volatile memory that stores frequently used data and programs to provide faster access for the CPU. It stores data temporarily until the computer is powered off.
- There are different levels of cache memory with L1 cache being the fastest and closest to the CPU. Cache mapping determines how data is stored in cache memory and there are three main types: direct mapping, associative mapping, and set associative mapping.
- When data is replaced in cache memory, different replacement algorithms are used to determine which data to remove. Write policies like write-through and write-back determine when written data is transferred from cache to main
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang memori komputer khususnya cache memory. Cache memory merupakan memori cepat yang berfungsi menyimpan data dan instruksi yang sering diakses untuk mempercepat akses prosesor. Dokumen menjelaskan definisi, cara kerja, desain, dan jenis-jenis cache memory seperti direct mapping, associative mapping, serta perbandingan antara cache dengan memori utama.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang sistem memori komputer termasuk memori cache, memori virtual, dan penyimpanan sekunder seperti harddisk, floppy disk, disk optik, dan tape magnetik.
Makalah ini membahas tentang memory internal dan memory eksternal. Memory internal terdiri dari cache memory, RAM, dan ROM yang berada di dalam motherboard, sedangkan memory eksternal seperti hard disk berada di luar motherboard. Makalah ini juga menjelaskan perkembangan jenis memory seperti DRAM, SDRAM, dan organisasi cache memory.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang memori komputer, meliputi pengertian dan jenis-jenis memori seperti RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, dan EEPROM. Selain itu, dibahas pula tentang hierarki memori dan manfaat penggunaan memori virtual."
Memori internal adalah memori yang terletak di motherboard dan dapat diakses secara langsung oleh CPU. Memori ini meliputi RAM utama dan berbagai tingkatan cache memory untuk mempercepat akses data oleh CPU.
Memori internal adalah memori yang terletak di motherboard dan dapat diakses secara langsung oleh CPU. Memori ini meliputi RAM utama dan berbagai tingkatan cache memory untuk mempercepat akses data oleh CPU.
Memori internal adalah memori yang terletak di motherboard dan dapat diakses secara langsung oleh CPU. Memori ini meliputi RAM utama dan berbagai tingkatan cache memory untuk mempercepat akses data oleh CPU.
Memori internal adalah memori yang terletak di motherboard dan dapat diakses secara langsung oleh CPU. Memori ini meliputi RAM utama dan berbagai tingkatan cache memory untuk mempercepat akses data oleh CPU.
Memori internal adalah memori yang terletak di motherboard dan dapat diakses secara langsung oleh CPU. Memori ini meliputi RAM utama dan berbagai tingkatan cache memory untuk mempercepat akses data oleh CPU.
2. Jika prosesor membutuhkan suatu data, pertama-tama
ia akan mencarinya pada cache. Jika data ditemukan,
prosesor akan langsung membacanya dengan delay yang
sangat kecil.Tetapi jika data yang dicari tidak
ditemukan,prosesor akan mencarinya pada RAM yang
kecepatannya lebih rendah.
CPU
Cache
3. CPU
Cache
Pada umumnya, cache dapat menyediakan data
yang dibutuhkan oleh prosesor sehingga pengaruh
kerja RAM yang lambat dapat dikurangi. Dengann
cara ini maka memory bandwidth akan naik dan
kerja prosesor menjadi lebih efisien. Selain itu
kapasitas memori cache yang semakin besar juga
akan meningkatkan kecepatan kerja computer
secara keseluruhan.
1. CPU membaca word memori
2. Periksa di Cache Memory,
3. Jika ada akan dikirim ke CPU
4. Jika tidak ada akan dicari ke Memory Utama
5. Dikirim ke Cache Memory lalu dikirim ke CPU
4. Memori utama terdiri dari 1n sampai dengan
2n word beralamat, dengan masing-masing
word mempunyai n-bit alamat yang unik.
Untuk keperluan pemetaan, memori ini
dinggap terdiri dari sejumlah blok yang
mempunyai panjang K word masing-masing
bloknya. Dengan demikian, ada M = 2n/K
blok. Cache terdiri dari C buah baris yang
masing-masing mengandung K word, dan
banyaknya baris jauh lebih sedikit
dibandingkan dengan banyaknya blok
memori utama (C << M).
5. Fungsi dari Cache Memory adalah sebagai tempat menyimpan data sementara atau intruksi yang
diperlukan oleh processor. Secara gampangnya, cache berfungsi untuk mempercepat akses data
pada komputer karena cache menyimpan data atau informasi yang telah di akses oleh suatu
buffer, sehingga meringankan kerja processor.
Jadi Bisa disimpulkan fungsi cache memory yaitu:
1. Mempercepat Akses data pada computer
2. Meringankan kerja prosessor
3. Menjembatani perbedaan kecepatan antara cpu dan memory utama.
4. Mempercepat kinerja memory.
6. Kapasitas cache memory yang lebih besar dapat
membantu memperbaiki kinerja prosesor, setidak-
tidaknya mempersingkat waktu yang diperlukan dalam
proses mengakses data.
Menentukan ukuran memori cache sangatlah penting
untuk mendongkrak kinerja komputer. Dari segi harga
cache sangatlah mahal tidak seperti memori utama.
Semakin besar kapasitas cache tidak berarti semakin
cepat prosesnya, dengan ukuran besar akan terlalu
banyak gate pengalamatannya sehingga akan
memperlambat proses.
Lalu berapa idealnya kapasitas cache? Sejumlah
penelitian telah menganjurkan bahwa ukuran cache
antara 1KB dan 512KB akan lebih optimum [STA96].
7. Fungsi Pemetaan/Mapping terdiri dari:
Pemetaan Langsung
Pemetaan Asosiatif
Pemetaan Asosiatif Set
Pemetaan Langsung (Direct
Mapping)
Pemetaan langsung adalah
teknik yang paling sederhana,
yaitu teknik ini memetakan blok
memori utama hanya ke
sebuah saluran cache saja
Keuntungan Menggunakan Direct Mapping antara lain :
1. Mudah dan Murah diimplementasikan
2. Mudah untuk menentukan letak salinan data main
memory pada chace.
Kerugian menggunakan Direct Mapping antara lain :
1. Setiap blok main memory hanya dipetakan pada 1 line
saja.
8. Pemetaan Asosiatif (Associative Mapping)
Pemetaan asosiatif mengatasi kekurangan
pemetaan langsung dengan cara mengizinkan
setiap blok memori utama untuk dimuatkan ke
sembarang saluran cache. Dengan pemetaan
assosiatif, terdapat fleksibilitas penggantian blok
ketika blok baru dibaca ke dalam cache.
Keuntungan Menggunakan Associative Mapping antara
lain :
1. Cepat dan fleksibel.
Kerugian menggunakan Associative Mapping antara lain :
1. kompleksitas rangkaian yang diperlukan untuk menguji
tag seluruh saluran cache secara parallel, sehingga
pencarian data di cache menjadi lama.
9. Keuntungan Menggunakan Pemetaan
Asosiatif Set
antara lain :
1. Setiap blok memori dapat menempati
lebih dari satu kemungkinan nomor line
(dapat menggunakan line yang
kosong), sehingga thrashing dapat
diperkecil
Pemetaan Asosiatif Set (Set Associative Mapping)
Pada pemetaan ini, cache dibagi dalam sejumlah
sets. Setiap set berisi sejumlah line.