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Affirmative       Negative         Interrogative


I/You/They/We    I/You/They/We    Have
have written.    haven’t written. I/you/they/we
                                  written?


He/She/it has    He/She/it hasn’t   Has he/she/it
written.         written.           written?
 Actions beginning in the past and continuing up to
  the present moment.
I´ve lived in Argentina for 20 years.
Tom has worked as a teacher for 10 years.

 Indefinite past actions.
I´ve never tasted mango.
Carol has been to Machu Picchu three times.
 Recent past actions.
I´ve just had a sandwich.
Sarah has taken a lot of photographs lately.

 Past actions with present results.
I´ve broken my arm.
Greg has left his glasses at home.

 Actions that happened in a period of time which is
  not over yet.
I´ve drunk three cups of coffee today.
Jack has written four articles this month.
Affirmative        Negative        Interrogative




I/You/They/We      I/You/They/We    Have
have been writing. haven’t been     I/you/they/we
                   writing.         been writing?


He/She/it has    He/She/it hasn’t   Has he/she/it
been writing.    been writing.      been writing?
This tense can be used in place of the present
 perfect simple tense with a little change in
 emphasis.

 Actions that have been in progress for some time. There
  is emphasis on duration.
I´ve been working all day.
Fred has been studying a lot lately.

 With verbs such as learn, live, rain, sit, sleep, study, wait
  that show continuity.
I´ve been waiting here for two hours.
She´s been working at the hospital since 2004.
   Mike: You _________________ (look) miserable! What
    _________________ (be) the matter?
    ___________________________ (you-lose) your job?
       Dave: No, I ­­­­­­­­­­­­_________________.
       Mike: Well, what _________________ (happen)?
       Dave: I_________________ (cut) my finger.
       Mike: You _________________ (cut) your finger!
    _________________ (be) that all?
       Dave: It _________________ (be) serious! I can’t play
    the guitar. Our band _________________ (play) at a big
    concert tomorrow night. And they
    _________________(ask) Rick to play instead of me!
   Mike: You look (look) miserable! What is(be) the
    matter? Have you lost (you-lose) your job?
      Dave: No, I haven’t.
      Mike: Well, what has happened (happen)?
      Dave: I ’ve cut (cut) my finger.
      Mike: You ‘ve cut (cut) your finger! Is (be) that all?
      Dave: It is (be) serious! I can’t play the guitar. Our
    band is playing (play) at a big concert tomorrow night.
    And they have asked (ask) Rick to play instead of me!
   Liz Morrison has been for a year on a Greenpeace
    ship in the Mediterranean. They are checking
    (check)pollution levels. Liz is writing (write) a letter to
    her mother.
                 ‘… I am writing (write) this letter in my
    cabin. The sea is(be) quite rough at the moment and I
    am finding (find) it difficult to write! I usually get
    (usually-get) about two hours’ free time a day, and I
    often write (often-write) letters or read (read) a book. I
    sometimes don’t (sometimes – not – do) anything at
    all. I just sleep (just- sleep)!
         These days I am reading (read) a book about the
    history of Greenpeace. Greenpeace workers come
    (come) from all over the world, but, fortunately,
    everybody on this ship speaks (speak) English.
   At the moment I am working (work) with Thor
    Svensen, a Norwegian marine biologist. He
    teaches(teach) at Oslo University, but he is working
    (work) for Greenpeace for a year.
        I think (think) this is the best job I have ever had
    (ever –have)! I want (want) to do it for another year. I
    like (like) the people on the ship and I love (love) life at
    sea. I am having (have) a great time here!
        I’ll finish the letter now because I am not feeling
    (not-feel) very well. The ship is rolling (roll) a lot. In
    fact, I am feeling(feel) a bit sick.
        I am thinking (think) of you, mom.
        Love, Liz

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Present perfect simple and progressive

  • 1.
  • 2. Affirmative Negative Interrogative I/You/They/We I/You/They/We Have have written. haven’t written. I/you/they/we written? He/She/it has He/She/it hasn’t Has he/she/it written. written. written?
  • 3.  Actions beginning in the past and continuing up to the present moment. I´ve lived in Argentina for 20 years. Tom has worked as a teacher for 10 years.  Indefinite past actions. I´ve never tasted mango. Carol has been to Machu Picchu three times.
  • 4.  Recent past actions. I´ve just had a sandwich. Sarah has taken a lot of photographs lately.  Past actions with present results. I´ve broken my arm. Greg has left his glasses at home.  Actions that happened in a period of time which is not over yet. I´ve drunk three cups of coffee today. Jack has written four articles this month.
  • 5.
  • 6. Affirmative Negative Interrogative I/You/They/We I/You/They/We Have have been writing. haven’t been I/you/they/we writing. been writing? He/She/it has He/She/it hasn’t Has he/she/it been writing. been writing. been writing?
  • 7. This tense can be used in place of the present perfect simple tense with a little change in emphasis.  Actions that have been in progress for some time. There is emphasis on duration. I´ve been working all day. Fred has been studying a lot lately.  With verbs such as learn, live, rain, sit, sleep, study, wait that show continuity. I´ve been waiting here for two hours. She´s been working at the hospital since 2004.
  • 8. Mike: You _________________ (look) miserable! What _________________ (be) the matter? ___________________________ (you-lose) your job?  Dave: No, I ­­­­­­­­­­­­_________________.  Mike: Well, what _________________ (happen)?  Dave: I_________________ (cut) my finger.  Mike: You _________________ (cut) your finger! _________________ (be) that all?  Dave: It _________________ (be) serious! I can’t play the guitar. Our band _________________ (play) at a big concert tomorrow night. And they _________________(ask) Rick to play instead of me!
  • 9. Mike: You look (look) miserable! What is(be) the matter? Have you lost (you-lose) your job?  Dave: No, I haven’t.  Mike: Well, what has happened (happen)?  Dave: I ’ve cut (cut) my finger.  Mike: You ‘ve cut (cut) your finger! Is (be) that all?  Dave: It is (be) serious! I can’t play the guitar. Our band is playing (play) at a big concert tomorrow night. And they have asked (ask) Rick to play instead of me!
  • 10. Liz Morrison has been for a year on a Greenpeace ship in the Mediterranean. They are checking (check)pollution levels. Liz is writing (write) a letter to her mother.  ‘… I am writing (write) this letter in my cabin. The sea is(be) quite rough at the moment and I am finding (find) it difficult to write! I usually get (usually-get) about two hours’ free time a day, and I often write (often-write) letters or read (read) a book. I sometimes don’t (sometimes – not – do) anything at all. I just sleep (just- sleep)!  These days I am reading (read) a book about the history of Greenpeace. Greenpeace workers come (come) from all over the world, but, fortunately, everybody on this ship speaks (speak) English.
  • 11. At the moment I am working (work) with Thor Svensen, a Norwegian marine biologist. He teaches(teach) at Oslo University, but he is working (work) for Greenpeace for a year.  I think (think) this is the best job I have ever had (ever –have)! I want (want) to do it for another year. I like (like) the people on the ship and I love (love) life at sea. I am having (have) a great time here!  I’ll finish the letter now because I am not feeling (not-feel) very well. The ship is rolling (roll) a lot. In fact, I am feeling(feel) a bit sick.  I am thinking (think) of you, mom.  Love, Liz