The term pastry comes from the word “paste”, meaning “to stick”. Pastry is mixture of flour, liquid, and fat. In the bakeshop, pastry refers to both various pastes and dough and to the many products made from them.
The two fundamental types of pastry are yeast- raised pastry, such as Danish dough and pie dough. Besides these various types of short dough, puff pastry, also known as pâte feuilletée, and éclair paste, also known as pâteà choux are other types of pastry. On the other hand, crisp meringues and other meringue-type sponges though they are not made from a flour paste are also considered pastries because they are used like flour pastries in combination with creams, fillings, fruits, and icings to create a wide range of desserts.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2. ● Prepare variety of pastry products according to standard mixing
procedures, formulation, recipes and desired product
characteristics.
● Use appropriate equipment according to required pastry products
and standard operating procedures.
● Bake pastry products according to techniques and appropriate
conditions, and enterprise requirement and standards.
● Select required oven temperature to bake goods in accordance
with the desired characteristics, standards recipe specifications
and enterprise practices.
Learning Objectives:
3. 01 Pies and Pastries
Table of Contents
02 Kinds of pastry
03
04
Baking
Temperatures
Mixing Techniques
5. Pies and Pastries
Pies and pastries, like cakes, are
delightful to eat especially when they
are baked properly. A well-prepared
pastry may be determined by the
quantity of its pie crust.
6. Pies and Pastries
Pastry is a delicate baked product which consists of crust
and filling. It contains high percentage fat, which
contributes to a flaky or crumbly texture. A good pastry is
light and airy and fatty, but firm enough to support the
weight of the filling. When making a short crust pastry,
care must be taken to blend the fat and flour thoroughly
before adding any liquid. This ensures that the flour
granules are adequately coated with fat and less likely to
develop gluten.
7. You can enter a subtitle
here if you need it
Types of
Pastry
02
8. Cream puffs – a type of light pastry that is
filled with whipped cream or a
sweetened cream filling and often
topped with chocolate
1. Cream puffs
9. Puff pastry- a light, flaky, rich pastry
made by rolling dough with butter and
folding it to form layers: used for tarts,
napoleon
2. Puff pastry
10. Danish pastry – a pastry made of
sweetened yeast dough with toppings
such as fruit, nuts, or cheese.
3. Danish pastry
11. French pastries - a rich pastry, filled with
custard or fruit.
4. French pastries
12. Pie and tart - pastries that consist of two
components: the first, relatively thin
pastry (pie) dough, when baked forms a
crust (also called pastry shells) that holds
the second, the filling.
5. Pie and tart
13. Croissants - a flaky raised dough. It is like
a sweetened cross between a simple
yeast-raised dough and puff pastry. The
dough is rolled with butter to create
layers and is then left to rise, creating a
very light texture. The downside is that it
is technically involved and requires a
great deal of work
6. Croissants
14. Pastry Ingredients
type of flour used in baking
pastries. The gluten content
of this flour provides
framework or substance of
baked pastries.
Flour
fats frequently used
to make pastry. Butter
and margarine
produce a less tender
crust.
an important
ingredient in pastry
because it provides
the moisture needed
to develop gluten.
Water
Lard
contributes to the
flavor of pastry and
has no influence on
flakiness or
tenderness.
Salt
16. Stirring - mixing all ingredients together usually with a spoon in a
circular motion.
Stirring
17. Beating – introducing air into the mixture through mechanical
agitation as in beating eggs. An electric mixer is often used to
beat the ingredients together.
Beating
18. Whisking – also known as the whipping method and is usually
used for meringue, and for chiffon products. Air is incorporated
into such food as whipping cream and egg whites through very
vigorous mixing, usually with an electric mixer or whisk.
Whisking
19. Rolling - to flatten dough out into a sheet in preparation to
shaping to various forms.
Rolling
20. Laminating - fat is repeatedly folded into the dough.
Laminating
21. Creaming – fat and sugar are beaten together until light airy
texture.
Creaming
22. Kneading - working with the dough using the heel of hands,
accompanied by pressing, stretching and folding in order to
develop its gluten
Kneading
23. Cut in or cutting in – cutting fat into smaller pieces using two
knives or pastry blender to distribute fat in flour until it resembles
into coarse meal.
Cut in or cutting in
24. How to Bake Egg Pie
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yajLyDKCk7s
26. Baking Temperatures for Pies and
Pastries
Not all ovens are of the same
kind and type. Check on the
quality of oven to be used to
ensure its capacity to
produce quality pastry
products. Heat should be
evenly distributed throughout
the compartment. Use the
27. Baking Temperatures for Pies and
Pastries
Types of Product
Oven Temperature Baking Time
Pastry
One – crust pie (custard type,
unbaked shell) 400°F to 425°F 30 to 40 min
Meringue on cooked filling in
prebaked shell 350°F to 425°F 12 to 15 min
Shell only 450°F 10 to 12 min
Two – crust pies with
uncooked filling 400°F to 425°F 45 to 55 min
Two – crust pies with cooked
filling 425°F to 450°F 30 to 45 min