1. GRIT AND SELF-EFFICACY OF
BSBA STUDENTS IN STATE
UNIVERSITY
Name:
Jourj kian Bislig
Nikke Arroyo
Joenel A. Ramoran
Frences C. Barbas
Daniela D. Sapatose
Course/ Yrs. & Section:
BSBA Marketing Management 3B
HEI: State University of Northern
Negros
2. INTRODUCTION
Throughout the stages of life people are faced with challenges and difficulties that are
overcome with self-belief and perseverance (Bickers, 2021). One such stage is in the field of
education; grit encompasses concepts of passion and perseverance and is becoming an
increasingly important component in preparing students for academic success as well as for
life. Moreover (Shehzad et al., 2022) opined that the factors responsible for academic
achievement include learners’self-efficacy is combined with abundant amounts of grit.
Given the essence of grit, it would appear that it serves as an important role in academic
achievement of learners (Fernández-Martín et al., 2020). Specifically, grit was defined as
incorporating two factors: passion of interest, and Perseverance of effort (Cheng et al., 2023).
Perseverance involves steadfastness and dedication to working towards those goals over time
(Munro & Hope, 2019). Furthermore , passion can be a motivation behind an action and
enthusiasm towards an object, activity, concept or a person (Sigmundsson et al., 2020).
3. On the other hand, self-efficacy also plays a very important factor in the students’
academic success (Hayat et al., 2020). According to, (Folkvord & Risa, 2023) self-efficacy
is the confidence in one’s ability to execute behaviors, reach goals, or attain levels of
expected performance. Moreover, (Hoang et al., 2021) stated that students can develop
academic self -efficacy through improvement in cognitive skills that requires applying
learned skills in one area to another (Hoang et al., 2021). In addition students with high
self-efficacy were specific, diverse and frequent in their self-regulated processes, a self-
efficacious student who made great listening progress exhibited sophisticated
metacognitive strategy use in his entire self-regulated learning process, which was likely to
promote effective self-regulatory cycles (Yabukoshi, 2021).
The researcher encountered a gap in the limited studies on the relationship between
grit and self-efficacy as perceived by BSBA students while conducting the research. The
aim of this study is to determine the extent of grit and self-efficacy among BSBA students
in higher education institutions. This study may serve as a guide in enhancing passion,
perseverance, and capabilities in student’s grit and self-efficacy at higher education
institutions.
4. Statement of the Problem
The researcher will conduct the study to determine the Extent of Grit and Self-Efficacy of
BSBA students in Higher Education Institution. Specifically, it aims to answer the following
questions:
1. What is the extent of grit as perceived by BSBA students in Higher Education Institution
when they are taken collectively and group according to age, sex, and student status?
2. What is the extent of self-efficacy as perceived by BSBA students in Higher Education
Institution when they are taken collectively and group according to age, sex, and student
status?
5. 3. Is there a significant difference of grit and self-efficacy as perceive by BSBA students in
Higher Education Institution when they are taken collectively and group according to age, sex,
and student status?
4. Is there a significant difference of self-efficacy and grit as perceive by BSBA students in
Higher Education Institution when they are taken collectively and group according to age, sex,
and student status?
5. Is there a significant relationship of the extent of grit and self-efficacy as perceive by BSBA
students in Higher Education Institution when they are taken collectively and group according
to age, sex, and student status?
6. Hypotheses
Based on the inferential problems, the researcher hypothesized that:
1. There is no significant difference of grit as perceive by BSBA students in Higher Education
Institution when they are taken collectively and group according to age, sex, and student status.
2. There is no significant difference of self-efficacy as perceive by BSBA students in Higher
Education Institution when they are taken collectively and group according to age, sex, and
student status.
3. There is no a significant relationship of the extent of grit and self-efficacy as perceive by
BSBA students in Higher Education Institution when they are taken collectively and group
according to age, sex, and student status.
7. Theoretical Framework
Some theories have been backed up to strengthen the effectiveness of this study further. The
study of grit was anchored from extended model of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Implicit
Theory. On the other hand, self-efficacy was anchored from Self-efficacy theory and Albert
Bandura social cognitive theory, in which he proposed that self-efficacy and outcome
expectancies are key to behavior initiation and maintenance.
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is an individual’s behavior when trying to successfully
overcome certain challenges is influenced by his or her behavioral control as well as his or her
intention to cope with a challenging situation (Hellmich & Marwin, 2019).
Implicit Theory are the beliefs that individuals hold regarding the nature of human and
nonhuman attributes, as well as more global phenomena (Jain & Weiten, 2020). In addition (Liu,
2021), opined that implicit theory form a belief system that triggers particular motivations, leads
to different learning pathways, and shapes how individuals interpret and understand their learning
experiences. Furthermore, students' implicit theories about their abilities direct their motivation
and are linked to individual differences in various self-regulatory processes and performance in
academic contexts (Karlen et al., 2019).
8. On the other hand, self-efficacy theory explains how self-efficacy develops and is altered,
as well as how self-efficacy impacts behavioral change, performance accomplishments, and
personal well-being (Sonia Lippke, 2020). Furthermore, (Bernardo J. Carducci, 2020) stated
that self-efficacy theory was intended to unify successful coping and goal achievement and
focused on outcome and efficacy expectations as the key ingredients to success. In addition,
Student self-efficacy, behavioral engagement, and emotional engagement are key factors for
academic achievement (Archambault, 2019),
Social Cognitive Theory holds that an individual’s learning in a particular context can be
achieved through direct observation of others within the context of social interactions
(Ugwuanyi1 et al., 2020). According to(Abdullah, 2019) the main identity of social cognitive
theory was the introduction of the concept of human agency and the concept of triadic
reciprocal determinism. Moreover, Social cognitive theory is a psychological perspective on
human functioning that emphasizes the critical role played by the social environment on
motivation, learning, and self-regulation (Dale H. Schunk a, 2020).
9. Conceptual Framework
Students in HEI
*Age
*Sex
*Students Status
Grit
Perseverance
Passion
Helps students to
improve passion and
perseverance in
reaching goals, and
perceive knowledge.
Encourage students to
put forth more effort,
interest, and skill.
Self-Efficacy
Generality
Proposed a symposium program to enhance student’s grit and
self-efficacy
10. Figure 1: Schematic Diagram
The diagram shows the relationship of independent variable of the study which identified the
students of HEI demographic profile such us age, sex, and student’s status. The line connects to the
dependent variable which identified the relationship of grit and self-efficacy. Under the Grit
variable, there are two dimensions: Passion and Perseverance that the students grit correlate with
self-efficacy.
The result of the survey served as the basis for identifying and planning the appropriate
symposium program for the students to improve grit and self-efficacy practices in HEI. Hence, the
diagram follows a cyclical process which means future research may be done to further improve
student’s experience. The broken line indicates that the result was benefited by the HEI student’s
and may use or may not use as the symposium program to implement in the organization.
11. Significance of the Study
This study is significant to the following:
BSBA Students. The study will help the students know and understand the challenges they are
facing and how they adjust and deal with it.
HEI. The study will give them ideas to develop and establish a program designed to assist the
students' individual needs as an aid in coping with the students personal, family and social
challenges.
Researchers. This study will help the researchers to further discover programs that will aid a
certain organization for improvement.
Future Researchers. This study will help in providing information to the future researchers in
matters of the knowledge about good students. In addition, they can also establish and expand
this study by using this as a reference for their future research.
12. Scope and Limitation
The study will focus on determining the Extent of Grit and Self-Efficacy of BSBA
students in State University of northern Negros, located at Sitio Chloe, Brgy. Rizal, Sagay City
Negros Occidental.
The researcher conducted the study with a time frame of three to four months, starting
2nd semester of S.Y 2023-2024 in the month of March 2024.
The limited study is only for the BSBA Marketing Management students of State
university of Northern Negros at Sagay City Negros Occidental. With 63 respondents, the
study covered from the BSBA Marketing Management students. The data will gather using
adapted questionnaire that measures students grit and self-efficacy.
13. Definition of Terms
The following are the terminologies that will use operationally and are defined for
purposes of clarity.
Grit. Operationally, the term of grit is the first variable in this study that refers to the
perseverance and passion for long-term goals.
Perseverance. Involves steadfastness and dedication to working towards those goals over
time.
Passion. can be a motivation behind an action and enthusiasm towards an object, activity,
concept or person. Passion may be considered as domain-specific, that is one can have passion
for work or hobbies.
14. Self-efficacy. Operationally, a second variable that defined as an individual's belief in his
or her capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments.
Resilient. It is operationally mean the personal qualities that enable one to thrive in the
face of adversity. In life, we all face stressful experiences—the death of a loved one, financial
hardship, social rejection, and many others.
Higher Education Institution. It is operationally, includes the administrators, faculty
and staff of private Higher Education
