2. PROBLEMS OF FAKE BRANDS
• Quality and Safety Concerns: Products from fake brands may lack quality control and
adherence to safety standards, putting consumers at risk.
• Economic Impact: Fake brands can undermine legitimate businesses, leading to
financial losses and job cuts in the authentic market.
• Intellectual Property Infringement: Counterfeit products often involve copyright and
trademark violations, negatively affecting the intellectual property rights of genuine
brands.
• Consumer Deception: Customers may be misled into purchasing fake products,
believing they are getting an authentic item, leading to disappointment and loss of trust.
3. • Health Risks: In industries like pharmaceuticals, fake brands can pose serious
health risks as counterfeit medications may not meet necessary health standards.
• Lost Revenue and Taxes: Governments lose tax revenue due to the underground
economy of fake brands, affecting public services and infrastructure development.
• Supply Chain Issues: The infiltration of fake products into supply chains can disrupt
the efficiency and integrity of the overall market.
• Erosion of Brand Reputation: Genuine brands may suffer reputational damage
when consumers unknowingly associate poor-quality fake products with the
legitimate brand.
4. CHALLENGES OF DISTRIBUTION IN RURAL
MARKET
• Infrastructure Limitations: In many rural areas, inadequate transportation and
communication infrastructure make it challenging to efficiently distribute products.
• Geographical Dispersion: Rural markets are often spread over vast areas, making it
logistically challenging to reach remote villages and serve scattered populations.
• Limited Access to Information: Lack of internet connectivity and low literacy rates
in some rural areas hinder access to information about products, pricing, and
distribution channels.
• Seasonal Variability: Agricultural-dependent economies in rural areas may
experience seasonal fluctuations, affecting purchasing power and demand for goods.
5. • Poor Storage Facilities: Inadequate storage facilities in rural areas can lead to difficulties in
maintaining product quality and availability, especially for perishable goods.
• Cultural Sensitivity: Understanding and respecting local customs and traditions is crucial, as
rural markets often have unique cultural nuances that impact purchasing behavior.
• Low Disposable Income: Rural communities may have lower income levels, limiting purchasing
capacity and making price sensitivity a critical factor in distribution strategies.
• Last-Mile Challenges: The final leg of product delivery, known as the "last mile," can be
particularly challenging due to rough terrains, lack of proper roads, and other obstacles.
6. RYTHU BAZARS (FARMERS’MARKETS)
Introduction
• Rythu Bazars are farmers' markets in India, providing a direct platform for farmers
to sell their produce to consumers. These markets aim to eliminate middlemen,
ensuring fair prices for farmers and affordable, fresh produce for consumers. The
concept promotes sustainable agriculture and fosters a direct connection between
farmers and urban consumers.
7. • Typically organized on a weekly basis, Rythu Bazars feature fresh fruits, vegetables,
grains, and sometimes even flowers and spices. Prices are often competitive, benefiting
both farmers and consumers. The objective is to ensure fair returns to farmers while
providing affordable, quality produce to the public.
• The markets prioritize transparency, with clear display boards showcasing prices and
information about the source of the products. This not only supports local agriculture but
also helps consumers make informed choices.
• Rythu Bazars contribute to reducing the economic burden on farmers and promote
sustainable agriculture practices. They serve as a crucial link between rural farmers and
urban consumers, fostering a direct connection that benefits both parties
8. PROJECT SHAKTI
• Project Shakti is an initiative by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to
develop indigenous microprocessors for various applications, including space
missions and strategic sectors. Launched in 2018, Shakti aims to enhance India's
self-reliance in the field of semiconductor technology, reducing dependency on
foreign suppliers. The project encompasses the development of microprocessors,
associated hardware, and software ecosystems, contributing to the country's
technological prowess.
9. • Advantages:
• Empowerment of Women: The project focuses on empowering rural women by
providing them with entrepreneurial opportunities, training, and access to markets.
• Economic Development: Through the creation of a network of women entrepreneurs,
Project Shakti contributes to the economic development of rural areas.
• Disadvantages:
• Dependency on HUL: The success of the project is closely tied to HUL's product line,
making the women entrepreneurs dependent on the company's success.
• Market Saturation: In areas with multiple Shakti entrepreneurs, there may be
saturation, limiting individual profitability and competitiveness.
10. APNIMANDI
"Apni Mandi" typically refers to a local market or farmers' market in India. Here are some
aspects associated withApni Mandi.
• Local Produce: Apni Mandi usually features locally grown fruits, vegetables, and other
agricultural products, fostering a connection between farmers and consumers.
• Direct Sales: Farmers often sell their produce directly to consumers in Apni Mandi,
eliminating middlemen and allowing for fairer pricing.
• Freshness: Since the produce is sourced locally, it is often fresher compared to items in
larger markets that might have been transported over longer distances.
• Community Building: Apni Mandi contributes to the sense of community by providing a
platform for local farmers and residents to interact and support each other.
11. CHALLENGES FACED BY APNI
MANDI
• Infrastructure: Inadequate infrastructure at Apni Mandi locations, such as lack of proper
storage facilities and transportation options, can lead to difficulties in maintaining the quality and
freshness of agricultural produce.
• Market Linkages: Farmers in Apni Mandis may face challenges in establishing direct market
linkages or getting fair prices for their produce due to the involvement of middlemen.
• Price Fluctuations: Agricultural markets, including Apni Mandis, often experience price
fluctuations, impacting farmers' income and sustainability.
• Quality Control: Ensuring consistent quality standards for the produce sold at Apni Mandis can be
a challenge, affecting consumer trust and satisfaction.
• Government Policies: Changes in government policies related to agriculture and marketing can
have both positive and negative impacts on Apni Mandis, depending on the nature of the policies.
12. ELECTRONIC AUCTION (E-BAY)
• Overview: eBay is an online marketplace founded in 1995, providing a platform for buying and
selling a wide range of products globally.
• Registration: Users must register an account to participate in auctions, providing personal
information and payment details.
• Listing Items: Sellers create listings with detailed product descriptions, images, and set auction
durations or fixed-price formats.
• Auction Types: eBay supports various auction formats, including standard auctions where bids
increase incrementally, and Buy It Now for immediate purchases.
• Bidding Process: Buyers place bids on items, and the highest bidder at the end of the auction wins.
Proxy bidding allows users to set a maximum bid, and eBay automatically increases it as
necessary.
13. • Seller Ratings: Both buyers and sellers receive ratings based on their transaction
history, fostering trust within the eBay community.
• Payment: After winning an auction, the buyer completes the transaction by making
payment through PayPal or other accepted methods.
• Shipping and Tracking: Sellers are responsible for shipping items promptly, and buyers
can track their purchases through eBay's system.
• Buyer Protection: eBay offers buyer protection programs, ensuring refunds for eligible
transactions if items are not as described or if any issues arise.
• Feedback System: Both parties can leave feedback, contributing to a transparent
reputation system that influences future transactions.
14. AGMARKNET
• AGMARKNET Overview: AGMARKNET stands for Agricultural Marketing Information Network.
It is an initiative in India that aims to facilitate information flow in agricultural markets.
• Establishment: AGMARKNET was established by the Government of India in 2000 to modernize
and streamline agricultural marketing through the use of information technology.
• Objective: The primary objective of AGMARKNET is to provide timely and accurate market
information to farmers, traders, and other stakeholders involved in agricultural marketing.
• Information Channels: AGMARKNET collects and disseminates market information through
various channels, including websites, mobile apps, and other digital platforms.
• Data Collection: The network collects data on market arrivals, prices, and other relevant
information from different agricultural markets across the country.
15. • Crop Coverage: AGMARKNET covers a wide range of agricultural commodities,
including cereals, pulses, fruits, vegetables, spices, and more.This comprehensive
coverage helps in providing a holistic view of the agricultural market scenario.
• Market Intelligence: The information provided by AGMARKNET aids farmers and
traders in making informed decisions regarding crop planning, pricing, and market
trends.
• Real-time Updates: One of the key features of AGMARKNET is its commitment to
providing real-time updates, ensuring that stakeholders have access to the latest market
information.
• Accessibility: The platform is designed to be accessible to a diverse audience, including
farmers in remote areas, through user-friendly interfaces and multiple language
support.
16. E-CHAUPALS
• Origin: "E-Chaupals" refer to electronic chaupals, a modern adaptation of traditional
Indian village gathering spaces.
• Digital Platforms: E-Chaupals leverage digital platforms to connect rural communities,
providing information, services, and communication channels.
• Access to Information: They enhance access to information on agriculture, weather,
market prices, government schemes, and more, benefiting rural residents.
• Farmers' Hub: E-Chaupals often serve as hubs for farmers, offering agricultural advice,
crop management tips, and updates on technological advancements.
• Market Linkages: These platforms facilitate direct connections between farmers and
markets, reducing intermediaries and improving farmers' income.
17. • Government Initiatives: E-Chaupals often integrate government initiatives, allowing villagers to
access welfare schemes and subsidies seamlessly.
• Education and Awareness: They play a role in spreading awareness about healthcare, education,
and government programs, contributing to rural development.
• Communication Hub: E-Chaupals enable communication within the community, fostering a sense
of unity and shared knowledge.
• Technological Integration: Integration of technologies like smartphones and internet connectivity
enhances the effectiveness of E-Chaupals.
• Entrepreneurship Opportunities: E-Chaupals can also create entrepreneurship opportunities by
training locals in digital skills, enabling them to manage and expand these platforms.
18. AGRIMARKET
• Definition: Agrimarket refers to the marketplace where agricultural products, such as crops,
livestock, and related goods, are bought and sold.
• Digital Transformation: Many agrimarkets are undergoing digital transformations, leveraging
technology to streamline transactions, reduce inefficiencies, and connect farmers directly with
buyers.
• Marketplace Structure: Agrimarkets can be physical, like traditional farmers' markets, or virtual
platforms, including online portals and apps facilitating remote transactions.
• Price Discovery: Agrimarkets play a crucial role in price discovery, establishing fair prices for
agricultural products based on supply and demand dynamics.
• Supply Chain Integration: Successful agrimarkets often integrate various stages of the agricultural
supply chain, from producers to distributors and retailers, ensuring a smoother flow of goods.
19. • Market Access for Farmers: Agrimarkets provide farmers with broader market access,
enabling them to reach a wider customer base and potentially obtain better prices for their
products.
• Market Information: Access to real-time market information helps farmers make informed
decisions, such as when to sell their produce and at what price, contributing to overall market
efficiency.
• Financial Inclusion: In some cases, agrimarkets incorporate financial services, allowing
farmers to access credit, insurance, or other financial tools crucial for their operations.
• Government Interventions: Governments may play a role in agrimarkets through policies
and interventions aimed at ensuring fair trade practices, preventing market manipulation, and
supporting agricultural development.
20. E-NAM
• Overview: The E-NAM (Electronic National Agriculture Market) is an online trading
platform for agricultural commodities in India.
• Objective: E-NAM aims to create a unified national market for agricultural produce,
providing farmers with a transparent and efficient system to sell their products.
• Launch Date: E-NAM was launched on April 14, 2016, by the Prime Minister of India,
Narendra Modi.
• Key Features: The platform enables farmers to list their produce, discover market prices,
and connect with buyers through a transparent bidding process.
• Participation: Farmers, traders, and markets can register on the platform, facilitating a
broader reach and increasing market access.
21. • Technology Integration: E-NAM leverages technology for online trading, electronic payment, and
quality testing of agricultural produce.
• Market Infrastructure: The platform connects various Agricultural Produce Market Committees
(APMCs) electronically, promoting a seamless exchange of goods.
• Quality Assurance: E-NAM incorporates quality testing facilities to ensure that buyers receive
produce meeting specified standards.
• Beneficial Impact: By eliminating intermediaries and streamlining transactions, E-NAM aims to
improve farmers' income, reduce wastage, and enhance overall market efficiency.
• Challenges and Future Prospects: While E-NAM has shown promise, challenges such as
awareness, infrastructure, and resistance to change persist. Continued efforts are essential to
enhance its effectiveness and impact on the agricultural sector.
22. M-KRISHI
• M-Krishi Overview: M-Krishi is a mobile-based agricultural information system aimed
at supporting farmers in India.
• Mobile Platform: It operates on mobile devices, providing farmers with easy access to
vital agricultural information.
• Real-time Updates: M-Krishi offers real-time updates on weather conditions, market
prices, and crop-related information.
• Crop Management: The platform assists farmers in managing their crops effectively,
offering guidance on planting, harvesting, and pest control.
• Advisory Services: M-Krishi provides advisory services, offering personalized
recommendations based on local conditions and crop types.
23. • Market Information: Farmers can access market prices, helping them make informed
decisions about selling their produce.
• Weather Forecasting: The system includes weather forecasting, aiding farmers in
planning their agricultural activities.
• Government Initiatives: M-Krishi aligns with government agricultural initiatives,
facilitating better integration into national agricultural programs.
• Language Support: To cater to diverse regions, M-Krishi often supports multiple
languages, ensuring accessibility for a wide range of farmers.
• User Engagement: The platform encourages user engagement through interactive
features, forums, and community support, fostering a collaborative farming ecosystem.
24. DOMESTIC AND EXPORT MARKET
INTELLIGENCE CELL (DEMIC)
• Purpose: The Domestic and Export Market Intelligence Cell (DEMIC) serves as a specialized unit
focused on gathering, analyzing, and disseminating market intelligence.
• Scope: DEMIC operates both in domestic and international markets, providing insights into trends,
consumer behavior, and competitive landscapes.
• Data Collection: It collects data from various sources, including market reports, surveys, industry
publications, and government databases, to ensure comprehensive information.
• Analysis Techniques: Utilizes advanced analytical tools and methodologies to interpret data,
identify patterns, and extract meaningful insights for decision-making.
• Customized Reports: Generates detailed reports tailored to the specific needs of businesses,
offering strategic information to enhance market positioning and competitiveness.
25. • Export Focus: In the context of exports, DEMIC concentrates on understanding foreign markets,
trade regulations, tariff structures, and potential barriers, facilitating informed export strategies.
• Collaboration: Works closely with government agencies, industry associations, and trade bodies to
share and receive relevant information, fostering a collaborative approach to market intelligence.
• Risk Assessment: Assesses market risks and opportunities, enabling businesses to make informed
decisions regarding market entry, expansion, or diversification.
• Policy Impact: Monitors and analyzes policy changes, both domestic and international, that may
affect markets, providing businesses with insights into regulatory environments.
• Training and Awareness: Offers training programs to businesses, helping them understand the
importance of market intelligence and equipping them with skills to utilize DEMIC reports
effectively.
26. ICT INITIATIVES OF NGOS.
• Digital Literacy Programs: NGOs often implement initiatives to enhance digital literacy skills,
offering training programs to communities and individuals to improve their understanding of technology
and its applications.
• E-Learning Platforms: Some NGOs establish online educational platforms, providing accessible and
affordable e-learning opportunities for underserved populations, promoting education through digital
means.
• Information Systems: NGOs may develop information systems to track and manage health data,
facilitating better healthcare delivery and monitoring, especially in remote or resource-limited areas.
• Mobile Health (mHealth) Interventions: Leveraging mobile technology, NGOs implement
mHealth initiatives for healthcare delivery, including telemedicine, health awareness campaigns, and
mobile applications for health monitoring.
27. • ICT for Agriculture: NGOs may employ technology to improve agricultural practices, offering
farmers access to information on weather forecasts, market prices, and innovative farming techniques
through mobile applications and online platforms.
• Social Media Advocacy: Utilizing social media platforms, NGOs engage in advocacy and awareness
campaigns, addressing social issues, human rights, and environmental concerns to reach a wider
audience and mobilize support.
• Community Connectivity Projects: NGOs work on providing internet connectivity to remote or
marginalized communities, bridging the digital divide and enabling access to information, education, and
economic opportunities.
• Emergency Response Systems: NGOs develop ICT-based systems for disaster preparedness and
response, using technology to coordinate relief efforts, disseminate critical information, and connect
affected communities with necessary resources.
28. ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN
AGRICULTURAL MARKETING
• Market Access: Social media platforms provide farmers direct access to a wider audience, allowing them to showcase
their products and reach potential buyers beyond local markets.
• Information Dissemination: Farmers can use social media to share valuable information about agricultural
practices, crop updates, and market trends, enhancing knowledge and awareness within the community.
• Brand Building: Social media enables farmers to establish and promote their brand, creating a distinct identity for
their agricultural products and fostering customer loyalty.
• Real-time Communication: Instant communication through platforms like Twitter and Facebook allows farmers
to engage with customers, address queries, and provide updates on product availability and pricing.
• Market Intelligence: Social media provides a platform for farmers to gather insights into consumer preferences,
market demands, and competitor activities, aiding in strategic decision-making.
29. • Promotion of Agri-Tourism: Farmers can use social media to showcase their farms, promoting agri-
tourism opportunities and attracting visitors interested in experiencing agricultural practices
firsthand.
• Community Building: Social media fosters the creation of online agricultural communities, where
farmers can share experiences, exchange tips, and support each other, creating a sense of unity.
• E-commerce Integration: Many social media platforms offer e-commerce features, allowing
farmers to directly sell their products online, eliminating the need for intermediaries and
expanding their customer base.
• Weather and Crop Updates: Farmers can use social media to share real-time weather
conditions and crop updates, helping other farmers make informed decisions about their
agricultural activities.
