Introduction to research

1. PRACTICAL
RESEARCH I

2. UNIT 1: INQUISITIVE
WORLD OF
RESEARCH

3. OBJECTIVES:
After successful completion of this course, the
student should be able to:
• Explain the impact of research on the
development of society and life
• Compare the characteristics and properties of
the different types of research
3

4. WHAT IS RESEARCH
ALL ABOUT?

5. WHAT’S IN
A. Encircle the words in the box that are related to the definition of
research.
5
DREAMS FANTASY EVALUATE LITERATURE SYSTEMATIC
INVESTIGATION GUESS MOUSE METHODOLOGY INTUITION
OPINION THEORIES WIFI BEACH ANALYSIS
CONCERT VALIDATE STARS MOVIE KEYBOARD
DOXOLOGY STATISTICS GOSSIPS WONDERING
RESEARCH
INSTRUMENT

6. WHAT’S IN
A. Encircle the words in the box that are related to the definition of
research.
6
DREAMS FANTASY EVALUATE LITERATURE SYSTEMATIC
INVESTIGATION GUESS MOUSE METHODOLOGY INTUITION
OPINION THEORIES WIFI BEACH ANALYSIS
CONCERT VALIDATE STARS MOVIE KEYBOARD
DOXOLOGY STATISTICS GOSSIPS WONDERING
RESEARCH
INSTRUMENT

7. WHAT IS
RESEARCH?

8. RESEARCH
8
• A systematic investigation that
requires data to be collected, analyzed, and
interpreted of any social or natural
phenomena where results and conclusions
are aimed at contributing to generalizable
knowledge.

9. RESEARCH
9
• Research is defined as the creation of
new knowledge and/or the use of existing
knowledge in a new and creative way to
generate new concepts, methodologies and
understandings.

10. ????????
• DO YOU FEEL ANNOYED IF THERE IS A POWER
INTERUPTION?
• CAN YOU IMAGINE A WORLD WITHOUT ELECTRICITY?
• DO YOU FEEL UNEASE IF THE INTERNET CONNECTION IS
NOT STABLE?
• CAN YOU IMAGINE IF THERE IS NO INTERNET OR IF THERE
IS NO CELLPHONE?
10

11. 11

12. WHY RESEARCH IS
IMPORTANT?
12

13. IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH IN OUR
DAILY LIVES.
• GATHERED NECESSARY INFORMATION.
• IMPROVE STANDARD OF LIVING.
• HAVE A SAFER LIFE.
• KNOW THE TRUTH.
• EXPLORE OUR HISTORY.
• UNDERSTAND ART.
13

14. ROLE OF RESEARCH
• DISCOVERY AND CREATION OF KNOWLEDGE, THEORY
BUILDING
• TESTING, CONFIRMATION, REVISION, AND REFUTATION OF
KNOWLEDGE AS THEORY
• ADVANCE A DISCIPLINE OR FIELD
• ADVANCEMENT AND IMPROVEMENTS IN VARIOUS
ASPECTS IF LIFE
• PROMOTION AND TENURE OF INDIVIDUALS
14

15. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH​
15
• ACCURACY- IT MUST GIVE CORRECT OR ACCURATE
DATA, WHICH THE FOOTNOTES, NOTES, AND
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ENTRIES SHOULD HONESTLY AND
APPROPRIATELY DOCUMENTED OR ACKNOWLEDGE.​
• OBJECTIVENESS- IT MUST DEAL WITH FACTS, NOT WITH
MERE OPINIONS ARISING FROM ASSUMPTIONS,
GENERALIZATIONS, PREDICTIONS, OR CONCLUSIONS.​
• TIMELINESS- IT MUST WORK ON A TOPIC THAT IS FRESH,
NEW, AND INTERESTING TO THE PRESENT SOCIETY

16. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH​
16
RELEVANCE- ITS TOPIC MUST BE INSTRUMENTAL IN
IMPROVISING SOCIETY OR IN SOLVING PROBLEMS AFFECTING
THE LIVES OF PEOPLE IN A COMMUNITY.​
CLARITY- IT MUST SUCCEED IN EXPRESSING ITS CENTRAL
POINT OR DISCOVERIES BY USING SIMPLE, DIRECT, CONCISE,
AND CORRECT LANGUAGE.​
SYSTEMATIC- IT MUST TAKE PLACE IN AN ORGANIZED
OR ORDERLY MANNER.

17. PROCESS OF RESEARCH
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• SELECT GENERAL PROBLEM
• REVIEW THE LITERATURE OF THE
LITERATURE OF THE PROBLEM
• SELECT A SPECIFIC RESEARCH PROBLEM,
QUESTION, OR HYPHOTHESIS
• COLLECT DATA
• ANALYZE AND PRESENT OR DISPLAY DATA
• INTERPRET THE FINDINGS AND STATE
CONCLUSIONS OR GENERALIZATIONS
REGARDING THE PROBLEM

18. FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN
SELECTING A RESEARCH PROBLEM
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1. RESEARCHER’S AREA OF INTEREST
2. AVAILABILITY FUNDS
3. INVESTIGATOR’S ABILITY AND
TRAINING

19. TYPES OF RESEARCH
AND THEIR
CHARACTERISTICS

20. INDUCTIVE VS. DEDUCTIVE
REASONING
20
INDUCTIVE REASONING
• AIMS TO INFER THEORETICAL
CONCEPTS AND PATTERNS FROM
OBSERVED DATA; ALSO KNOWN AS
THEORY BUILDING RESEARCH.
• IS THE ACT OF MAKING GENERALIZED
CONCLUSIONS BASED OFF OF
SPECIFIC SCENARIOS.
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
• AIMS TO TEST CONCEPTS AND
PATTERNS KNOWN FROM THEORY
USING NEW EMPIRICAL DATA; ALSO
KNOWN AS THEORY TESTING
RESEARCH.
• IS THE ACT OF BACKING UP A
GENERALIZED STATEMENTS WITH
SPECIFIC SCENARIOS.
METHODS OF REASONING USED WHEN
CONDUCTING SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH.

21. INDUCTIVE REASONING
21
EXAMPLE:

22. DEDUCTIVE REASONING
EXAMPLE:
Every Filipino of age 18 and above can vote. Juan is a Filipino of
age 24. Therefore, Juan can vote.
22

23. QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
23
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
• OFTEN REFERRED TO AS INDUCTIVE
RESEARCH; AIMS TO UNDERSTAND OR
MAKE SENSE OF THE WORLD BASED
ON THE EXPERIENCES AND
PERCEPTIONS OF INDIVIDUALS.
• INVOLVES COLLECTING AND
ANALYZING NON-NUMERICAL DATA
(E.G., TEXT, VIDEO, OR AUDIO) TO
UNDERSTAND CONCEPTS, OPINIONS,
OR EXPERIENCES. IT CAN BE USED TO
GATHER IN-DEPTH INSIGHTS INTO A
PROBLEM OR GENERATE NEW IDEAS
FOR RESEARCH.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
• OFTEN REFERRED TO AS DEDUCTIVE
RESEARCH; AIMS TO UNDERSTAND THE
WORLD BY GENERALIZABILITY USING
CONTROLLED, VALUE-NEUTRAL
PROCESSES.
• IS THE PROCESS OF COLLECTING AND
ANALYZING NUMERICAL DATA. IT CAN BE
USED TO FIND PATTERNS AND AVERAGES,
MAKE PREDICTIONS, TEST CAUSAL
RELATIONSHIPS, AND GENERALIZE
RESULTS TO WIDER POPULATIONS.

24. EXAMPLE TITLE
24
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
• "Exploring the lived experiences of
marginalized communities in
accessing healthcare services"
• "Understanding the role of family
dynamics in the mental health of
adolescents"
• "An ethnographic study of the culture
of online gaming communities"
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
• STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY CHAIN
DISRUPTIONS ON RETAIL SALES”
• “QUANTITATIVE EXAMINATION OF
CONSUMER LOYALTY PROGRAMS IN THE
FAST FOOD INDUSTRY”
• “THE IMPACT OF SLEEP DURATION ON
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH: A CROSS-
SECTIONAL STUDY”
• “ANALYZING THE EFFICACY OF VARIOUS
ANTIDEPRESSANTS: A META-ANALYSIS”

25. 25

26. BASIC VS. APPLIED RESEARCH
26
BASIC RESEARCH
• ALSO KNOWN AS THEORETICAL
RESEARCH; AIMS TO TEST
EXISTING OR GENERATE NEW
THEORIES TO ADVANCE
KNOWLEDGE OR UNDERSTANDING;
OFTEN IDENTIFIED WHEN THE
RESEARCH DISCOVERS NEW
PHENOMENA OR NEW IDEAS OF
GENERAL INTEREST
APPLIED RESEARCH
• AIMS TO USE THE ACQUIRED
KNOWLEDGE IN ORDER TO
CONTRIBUTE DIRECTLY TO THE
UNDERSTANDING OR RESOLUTION
OF PRACTICAL ISSUES; OFTEN
IDENTIFIED WHEN THE RESEARCH
CONTRIBUTES TO THE SOLUTION
OF SPECIFIC PRACTICAL
PROBLEMS.

27. EMPIRICAL VS. NON-EMPIRICAL
KNOWLEDGE
27
EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE
• INFORMATION GATHERED
THROUGH EXPERIENCE AND
DIRECT DATA COLLECTION
NON-EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE
• ROOTS FROM INTROSPECTION,
VICARIOUS EXPERIENCES, AND
PEOPLE’S ANALYSIS OF EVENTS

28. SCIENTIFIC VS. NONSCIENTIFIC
KNOWLEDGE
28
SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE REFERS TO A
GENERALIZED BODY OF LAWS AND THEORIES
TO EXPLAIN A PHENOMENON OR BEHAVIOR
OF INTEREST THAT ARE ACQUIRED USING
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD. LAWS ARE
OBSERVED PATTERNS OF PHENOMENA OR
BEHAVIORS, WHILE THEORIES ARE
SYSTEMATIC EXPLANATIONS OF THE
UNDERLYING PHENOMENON OR BEHAVIOR.
NON-SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
Non-science is the other sphere of human
knowledge. It involves religions, ethical
beliefs, moral precepts, and philosophical
ideals.

29. EXPLORATORY VS.
EXPLANATORY RESEARCH
29
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
• OFTEN CONDUCTED IN NEW AREAS OF
INQUIRY WHERE IT INTENDS TO SCOPE
OUT THE MAGNITUDE OF A PARTICULAR
PHENOMENON, PROBLEM, OR BEHAVIOR,
TO GENERATE NEW IDEAS, AND ALSO TO
TEST THE FEASIBILITY OF UNDERTAKING
AN EXTENSIVE STUDY REGARDING THE
PHENOMENON; SEEKS TO INVESTIGATE
AND UNDER-RESEARCHED ASPECT OF
LIFE.
EXPLANATORY RESEARCH
• PROVIDES EXPLANATIONS OF AN
OBSERVED PHENOMENON BY ANSWERING
THE ‘WHY’ AND ‘HOW’ QUESTIONS;
ATTEMPTS TO CORRECT THE DOTS BY
IDENTIFYING CAUSAL FACTORS AND
OUTCOMES OF THE PHENOMENON; AND
OFTEN SEEKS TO EXPLAIN AN ASPECT OF
SOCIAL LIFE

30. RESEARCH DESIGN VS.
METHODOLOGY
30
RESEARCH DESIGN
• A STRATEGIC PLAN OF HOW TO GO
ABOUT ANSWERING THE
RESEARCH QUESTIONS. IT IS A
PLAN ON HOW TO COLLECT,
ANALYZE, AND INTERPRET THE
RESEARCH DATA. IT TOUCHES ON
ALL PARTS OF THE RESEARCH AND
ACTS AS A BLUEPRINT.
METHODOLOGY
• THIS IS THE RATIONALE FOR THE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND IS
BROADER IN TERMS OF CONCEPTS
ON WHICH IT TOUCHES. IT
JUSTIFIES ONE’S CHOICE OF DATA
COLLECTION, ANALYSIS METHOD,
AND PROCEDURES.

31. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY VS.
METHODS
31
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
• ACTS AS THE JUSTIFICATION AND
RATIONALE FOR CHOOSING THE
TYPE OF DATA COLLECTION AND
ANALYSIS THE RESEARCHER WILL
CONDUCT. THIS IS BASED ON
ONE’S EXISTING KNOWLEDGE OF
THE PHENOMENON AND THE
KNOWLEDGE THAT ONE WANTS TO
EXPLORE.
RESEARCH METHODS
• SPECIFIC SET OF TOOLS THAT A
RESEARCHER USES THROUGHOUT
THE STUDY. THESE ARE THE
DETAILS THAT WILL BE BASED ON
THE METHODOLOGY.

32. ACTIVITY TIME!!!

34. 34
INSTRUCTIONS
TO PRACTICE YOUR RESEARCH AND READING SKILLS, FIND ONE (1) ARTICLE OR ONLINE
RESOURCE THAT IS RELATED TO THE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION OF YOUR FIELD (MUST
NOT BE OLDER THAN THREE [3] YEARS). (EXAMPLE: A JOURNAL FOCUSING ON THE
DEVELOPMENT OF AI IN THE ICT FIELD)
AFTERWARD, FILL IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION BELOW AND WRITE A SHORT
SUMMARY OF THE LITERATURE YOU PROVIDED AND WHY YOU WERE INTERESTED IN
READING IT. LIMIT YOUR ANSWERS TO ONE (1) PARAGRAPH. (5 POINTS)
SUMMARY (3 POINTS)
AUTHOR/S
ARTICLE
TITLE/WEB
PAGE
TITLE
JOURNAL
TITLE/
WEBSITE
TITLE
PUBLISHE
R
CITY OF
PUBLICATI
ON
YEAR OF
PUBLICATI
ON
DOI URL

35. THANK YOU