Quantitative research uses objective measurements and statistical analysis of numeric data to understand phenomena and test hypotheses. It is used across many fields to generalize results from a sample to a population, test cause-and-effect relationships through experiments, and structure the collection of standardized and reliable data. Some key uses of quantitative research include understanding human behavior, evaluating business strategies and product testing, advancing medical knowledge, and analyzing the impacts of interventions.
Applied Research Essay example
Ethics in Research Essay
Research Critique Essay example
Essay on Types Of Research
Methodology of Research Essay examples
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Essay about Sampling
Sample Methodology Essay
Research Methods Essay
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TYPES OF RESEARCH _ DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH.pdfMatiullahjan3
What is fundamental research?
What is applied research?
What is action research?
What is Qualitative Research?
What is Descriptive Research?
What is Correlation Research?
What is Experimental Research?
What is Quasi Experimental research?
What is Quantitative Research?
What is Historical Research?
What is Ethnographic Research?
What is Phenomenological Research?
What is Narrative Research?
What is Exploratory research?
What is Explanatory Research?
What is Case study research?
What is Survey Research?
perfect negative correlation
perfect positive correlation
an independent variable
dependent variable
LASA 1 Final Project Early Methods Section3LASA 1.docxDIPESH30
LASA 1 Final Project Early Methods Section3
LASA 1: FINAL PROJECT EARLY METHODS SECTION
THE ROLE OF INTROVERSION AND EXTRAVERSION
PERSONALITY TRAITS ON MARITAL BLISS
STUDENT
_______ UNIVERSITY
PSY302-A01 Research Methods
Professor
April 15, 2015
Author Note:
This research was carried out as a partial fulfillment towards research methods course by.
Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to
1. What is your research question?
What is the significance of extroversion and introversion in marriage?
1. What is your hypothesis or hypotheses? What is the null hypothesis?
Null Hypothesis: Extroversion brings along successful family institution and marital bliss.
Alternate hypothesis: Extroversion does not bring along successful family institution and marital bliss.
1. How many participants would you like to use and why? What are the inclusion characteristics, i.e., what must they have in order to be included in your study (for example, gender, diagnosis, age, personality traits, etc.)? Are there any exclusion characteristics, i.e. are there certain characteristics that would exclude them from being in your study? Does the sample need to be diverse? Why or why not?
20 participants will be engaged in the research study. This is a small number that is easier to manage as well as coordinate their activities during the data collection exercise. Ideally, participants are required and are normally sampled from a large population to be a representative. The nature of the study will require the researcher to get participants who have experiences in marriage. On gender, I will sample equal number of men and women to act as the representative of the general population. The approach is guided by the population in the community where the number of women and men is at par. On age, I will pick individuals from across ages although the highest percentage will constitute of married individuals between the age of 30 and 40 years. Further, I will also pick four individuals who have divorced with the aim of understanding whether introversion or extroversion contributed to their divorce. I will also look at the personal traits of individuals; hence will both social and anti-social individuals. The target participants will precise, representative and homogeneous. They will then be divided into different sets or strata that are mutually exclusive in order to aid it obtaining a systematic process of research.
1. What sampling technique will be used to collect your sample? What population does yoursample generalize to?
Being a qualitative research, the research will utilize the sampling method in the collection of data. Surveying and questionnaire are the main data collection methods that are normally used in quantitative research. The methods aids in understanding the behavior and effects from different members of the focus groups. The approach helps to reduce biases that may emerge when using a bigger population size while at the same time gu ...
OverviewAs a social science student, it is vitally important t.docxkarlhennesey
Overview
As a social science student, it is vitally important that you become an educated consumer of social science research, even if you never get to conduct an actual research study.
You need to have a basic understanding of the steps in the scientific process, a familiarity with commonly used social science research designs and methods, and a knowledge of procedures for collecting and analyzing social science data.
This module provides very basic information about these topics. It addresses the following subjects:
· the scientific method
· qualitative and quantitative research
· data analysis and presentation
· discipline-specific research designs and methods The Scientific Method
The scientific method is a form of inquiry that was originally developed to answer questions in the natural sciences. The scientific method uses systematic observation and measurement to confirm or disconfirm hypotheses that most often are derived from underlying theories.
When a hypothesis is confirmed, it lends support to the underlying theory. When it is not confirmed, researchers must reformulate the theory and come up with other explanations. Scientists share their findings by presenting at conferences or publishing in peer-reviewed journals. Sharing results with the research world is an important part of the scientific method because science is an iterative activity.
As social scientists, we have a great challenge. Because we cannot exert complete control over human behavior, it is not possible to conduct true experiments. Real life cannot be captured in a lab, and human behavior cannot be explained by one or even two causes. This makes it difficult to determine "cause and effect." For example, if we are interested in knowing why poor people have compromised health outcomes, we would need to account for an impossibly large number of factors or variables such as race, ethnicity, genetic markers, income, education level, access to health care services, and living conditions.
Steps for Conducting a Research Study
Figure 4.1
Steps for Conducting a Research Study
Source: UMUC PSYC 100.
The use of the scientific method allows researchers to develop explanations of social science phenomena. The steps of the research process are explained from a psychological perspective in this tutorial (Bradley, 2000).
Step 1: Make an Observation
The starting place for any research study is an observation (idea) regarding a topic of interest to you, the researcher. It may come from a conversation with a friend, a book or television program, or the conclusion of a related research project. All that is needed at this point is your interest in pursuing the topic further.
Let's take an example that we will use for all of the steps in the process. You observe that you are able to memorize items such as telephone numbers better when you eat candy. Because of this, you wonder if there is a connection between the primary component of candy (sugar) and memory.
Step 2: Propose a Hypoth ...
Applied Research Essay example
Ethics in Research Essay
Research Critique Essay example
Essay on Types Of Research
Methodology of Research Essay examples
Qualitative Research Evaluation Essay
Essay about Sampling
Sample Methodology Essay
Research Methods Essay
Fundamentals of Research Essay
Experimental Research Designs Essay
Sampling Methods Essay
TYPES OF RESEARCH _ DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH.pdfMatiullahjan3
What is fundamental research?
What is applied research?
What is action research?
What is Qualitative Research?
What is Descriptive Research?
What is Correlation Research?
What is Experimental Research?
What is Quasi Experimental research?
What is Quantitative Research?
What is Historical Research?
What is Ethnographic Research?
What is Phenomenological Research?
What is Narrative Research?
What is Exploratory research?
What is Explanatory Research?
What is Case study research?
What is Survey Research?
perfect negative correlation
perfect positive correlation
an independent variable
dependent variable
LASA 1 Final Project Early Methods Section3LASA 1.docxDIPESH30
LASA 1 Final Project Early Methods Section3
LASA 1: FINAL PROJECT EARLY METHODS SECTION
THE ROLE OF INTROVERSION AND EXTRAVERSION
PERSONALITY TRAITS ON MARITAL BLISS
STUDENT
_______ UNIVERSITY
PSY302-A01 Research Methods
Professor
April 15, 2015
Author Note:
This research was carried out as a partial fulfillment towards research methods course by.
Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to
1. What is your research question?
What is the significance of extroversion and introversion in marriage?
1. What is your hypothesis or hypotheses? What is the null hypothesis?
Null Hypothesis: Extroversion brings along successful family institution and marital bliss.
Alternate hypothesis: Extroversion does not bring along successful family institution and marital bliss.
1. How many participants would you like to use and why? What are the inclusion characteristics, i.e., what must they have in order to be included in your study (for example, gender, diagnosis, age, personality traits, etc.)? Are there any exclusion characteristics, i.e. are there certain characteristics that would exclude them from being in your study? Does the sample need to be diverse? Why or why not?
20 participants will be engaged in the research study. This is a small number that is easier to manage as well as coordinate their activities during the data collection exercise. Ideally, participants are required and are normally sampled from a large population to be a representative. The nature of the study will require the researcher to get participants who have experiences in marriage. On gender, I will sample equal number of men and women to act as the representative of the general population. The approach is guided by the population in the community where the number of women and men is at par. On age, I will pick individuals from across ages although the highest percentage will constitute of married individuals between the age of 30 and 40 years. Further, I will also pick four individuals who have divorced with the aim of understanding whether introversion or extroversion contributed to their divorce. I will also look at the personal traits of individuals; hence will both social and anti-social individuals. The target participants will precise, representative and homogeneous. They will then be divided into different sets or strata that are mutually exclusive in order to aid it obtaining a systematic process of research.
1. What sampling technique will be used to collect your sample? What population does yoursample generalize to?
Being a qualitative research, the research will utilize the sampling method in the collection of data. Surveying and questionnaire are the main data collection methods that are normally used in quantitative research. The methods aids in understanding the behavior and effects from different members of the focus groups. The approach helps to reduce biases that may emerge when using a bigger population size while at the same time gu ...
OverviewAs a social science student, it is vitally important t.docxkarlhennesey
Overview
As a social science student, it is vitally important that you become an educated consumer of social science research, even if you never get to conduct an actual research study.
You need to have a basic understanding of the steps in the scientific process, a familiarity with commonly used social science research designs and methods, and a knowledge of procedures for collecting and analyzing social science data.
This module provides very basic information about these topics. It addresses the following subjects:
· the scientific method
· qualitative and quantitative research
· data analysis and presentation
· discipline-specific research designs and methods The Scientific Method
The scientific method is a form of inquiry that was originally developed to answer questions in the natural sciences. The scientific method uses systematic observation and measurement to confirm or disconfirm hypotheses that most often are derived from underlying theories.
When a hypothesis is confirmed, it lends support to the underlying theory. When it is not confirmed, researchers must reformulate the theory and come up with other explanations. Scientists share their findings by presenting at conferences or publishing in peer-reviewed journals. Sharing results with the research world is an important part of the scientific method because science is an iterative activity.
As social scientists, we have a great challenge. Because we cannot exert complete control over human behavior, it is not possible to conduct true experiments. Real life cannot be captured in a lab, and human behavior cannot be explained by one or even two causes. This makes it difficult to determine "cause and effect." For example, if we are interested in knowing why poor people have compromised health outcomes, we would need to account for an impossibly large number of factors or variables such as race, ethnicity, genetic markers, income, education level, access to health care services, and living conditions.
Steps for Conducting a Research Study
Figure 4.1
Steps for Conducting a Research Study
Source: UMUC PSYC 100.
The use of the scientific method allows researchers to develop explanations of social science phenomena. The steps of the research process are explained from a psychological perspective in this tutorial (Bradley, 2000).
Step 1: Make an Observation
The starting place for any research study is an observation (idea) regarding a topic of interest to you, the researcher. It may come from a conversation with a friend, a book or television program, or the conclusion of a related research project. All that is needed at this point is your interest in pursuing the topic further.
Let's take an example that we will use for all of the steps in the process. You observe that you are able to memorize items such as telephone numbers better when you eat candy. Because of this, you wonder if there is a connection between the primary component of candy (sugar) and memory.
Step 2: Propose a Hypoth ...
Topic: Classification of research
Student Name: Reena
Class: M.Ed.
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Research Methodology_UNIT_I_General Research Methodology M. Pharm (IIIrd Sem.)Prachi Pandey
General Research Methodology: Research, objective, requirements, practical
difficulties, review of literature, study design, types of studies, strategies to eliminate
errors/bias, controls, randomization, crossover design, placebo, blinding techniques.
Research Critique Essay example
Advantages Of Quantitative Research
Essay on Characteristics of Research
Hypothesis and Research Question Essay example
A Research Study On Research
Methodology of Research Essay examples
Ethics in Research Essay
Mba
English 101 Research Paper
Ba 3129 Chapter 4
The Purpose Of Research Design Essay
Experimental Research Designs Essay
Importance And Purpose Of Research Essay
Research Problem
Essay on Types Of Research
Essay on Research methods exam
What I Have Learned About Research
A Qualitative Research Question Paper
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Topic: Classification of research
Student Name: Reena
Class: M.Ed.
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Research Methodology_UNIT_I_General Research Methodology M. Pharm (IIIrd Sem.)Prachi Pandey
General Research Methodology: Research, objective, requirements, practical
difficulties, review of literature, study design, types of studies, strategies to eliminate
errors/bias, controls, randomization, crossover design, placebo, blinding techniques.
Research Critique Essay example
Advantages Of Quantitative Research
Essay on Characteristics of Research
Hypothesis and Research Question Essay example
A Research Study On Research
Methodology of Research Essay examples
Ethics in Research Essay
Mba
English 101 Research Paper
Ba 3129 Chapter 4
The Purpose Of Research Design Essay
Experimental Research Designs Essay
Importance And Purpose Of Research Essay
Research Problem
Essay on Types Of Research
Essay on Research methods exam
What I Have Learned About Research
A Qualitative Research Question Paper
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2. Humans are ‘intuitive’ scientists...
always asking questions and
testing theories about themselves,
others,
events, the environment and the
world around them.
25. LARGE SAMPLE SIZE.
To obtain more meaningful
statistical result, the data must
come from a large sample size.
26. OBJECTIVE.
Data gathering and analysis of
results are done accurately, objectively,
and are unaffected by the researcher’s
intuition and personal guesses.
27. VISUAL RESULT PRESENTATION.
Data is numerical, which makes
presentation through graphs, charts, and
tables possible and for better conveyance
and interpretation.
28. FASTER DATA ANALYSIS.
The use of a statistical
tools give way for a less time-
consuming data analysis.
29. GENERALIZED DATA.
Data taken from a sample can be
applied to the population if sampling is
done accordingly, i.e., sufficient size and
random samples were taken.
30. FAST DATA COLLECTION.
Depending on the type of data
needed, collection can be quick and easy.
Quantitative research uses standardized
research instruments that allow the
researcher to collect data from a large
sample size efficiently. For instance, a
single survey form can be administered
simultaneously to collect various
measurable characteristics like age,
gender, socio-economic status, etc.
31. RELIABLE DATA.
Data is taken and analyzed
objectively from a sample as a
representative of the population, making
it more credible and reliable for
policymaking and decision making.
47. It is objective. The most reliable and
valid way of concluding results, giving
way to a new hypothesis or to
disproving it. Because of bigger
number of the sample of a population,
the results or generalizations are
more reliable and valid. Since it
provides numerical data, it can’t be
easily misinterpreted.
48. The use of statistical
techniques facilitates
sophisticated analyses and
allows you to comprehend a
huge amount of vital
characteristics of data.
49. It is real and unbiased. If
the research is properly
designed, it filters out
external factors, and so can
be seen as real and
unbiased.
50. The numerical data can be
analyzed in a quick and easy
way. By employing statistically
valid random models, findings
can be generalized to the
population about which
information is necessary.
51. Quantitative studies are
replicable. Standardized
approaches allow the study to
be replicated in different
areas or over time with
formulation of comparable
findings.
52. Quantitative experiments are
useful for testing the results
gained by a series of
qualitative experiments,
leading to a final answer, and
narrowing down of possible
directions to follow.
53.
54. Quantitative research
requires a large number
of respondents. It is
assumed that the larger the
sample is, the more
statistically accurate the
findings are.
55. It is costly. Since, there are
more respondents
compared to qualitative
research, the expenses will
be greater in reaching out to
these people and in
reproducing questionnaires.
56. The information which is
contextual factors to help
interpret the results or to
explain variations are usually
ignored. It does not consider the
distinct capacity of the
respondents to share and
elaborate further information
unlike the qualitative research.
57. Much information are
difficult to gather using
structured research
instruments, specifically on
sensitive issues like pre-
marital sex, domestic
violence, among others.
58. If not done seriously and
correctly, data from
questionnaires may be
incomplete and inaccurate.
Researchers must be on the look-
out on respondents who are just
guessing in answering the
instrument.
59.
60. helps design a new product or service
guarantee sufficient distribution of
products
helps a business determine whether now
is the proper time to open another branch
or whether it needs to apply for a new
loan
helps a small business decide if a
procedure should be changed to meet the
requirements of the customer
helps any organization to remain in the
market
correctly determines its customers and
their preferences, establish the enterprise
in the most feasible location, deliver
quality goods and services, analyze what
the competitiors are doing and find ways
on how to continuously satisfy the
growing and varied needs of the clients
61. helps in finding ways in
improving the educational
system
helps in addressing the needs
of the students and teachers
allows students to learn more
knowledge and understand
adversities
allows students to develop
problem-solving skills and
analysis
62. helps in understanding
behavioral differences
among people
helps in formulating
activities concerning
people with bhavioral
problems
63. Quantitative research is use in Anthropology in many
aspects. Like, true experiments may use in studying
people provided that you follow certain steps (Bernard,
2004). This is to look into the Effects of an intervention in
ethnic behavior of a group. In here, you need at least two
groups, called the treatment group and the control group.
On group gets the intervention and the other group don’t.
Next, individuals may be randomly assigned, either to the
intervention group or to the control group to ensure that
the groups are equivalent. Then, the groups are measured
on one or more dependent variables; this is called the pre-
test. After which, the intervention is introduced. Lastly,
the dependent variables are measured again. This is the
post test.
True in experiments with people in laboratory are
also common. Laboratory experiments often produce
results that beg to be tested in the natural world by
Anthropologists.
64. Researchers are often interested in how
an understanding of a particular
communication phenomenon might
generalize to a larger population. For
example, researchers can advance
questions like “What Effect do punitive
behavioral control statements have on a
classroom? What communicative
behaviors are associated with different
stages in romantic relationships? What
communicative behaviors are used to
respond to co-workers displaying
emotional stress? (Allen, Titsworth, Hunt,
2009)
65. Mertens (2005) says that the dominant
paradigms that guided early psychological
research were positivism and its successor,
post positivism. Positivism is based on
rationalistic, empiricist philosophy that
originated with Aristotle, Francis Bacon, John
Locke, August Comte, and Immanuel Kant.
The underlying assumptions of positivism
include the belief that the social world can be
studied in the same way as the natural world,
that there is a method for studying the social
world that is value-free, and that explanations
of a causal nature can be provided.
66. Quantitative research in medical
education tends to be predominantly
observational research based on surveys
or correlational studies. The designs test
interventions like curriculum, teaching-
learning process, or assessment with an
experimental group. Either a comparison
or controlled group learners may allow
researchers to overcome validity concerns
and infer potential cause-effect
generalizations. Researchers are using to
cope with the emerging trends in recent
times.
67. Medical practitioners, for example, conduct research to
obtain significant information about diseases trends and risk
factors, results of various health interventions, patterns of
care and health care cost and use. The different approaches
to research provide complementary insights. Researchers
help in determining the effectiveness and even side effect of
drugs and therapies in different populations and various
institutions. It is also necessary in evaluating experiences in
clinical practice in order to develop mechanisms for best
practices and to ensure high quality patient care.
Researchers in these fields ultimately aim for man’s
longevity.
As for engineers, architects, and other builders, research
helps in providing designs which are creatively beautiful and
at the same time give more convenience and efficiency as
they utilize modern technology to adapt to the ever-changing
society. New materials and procedures may be developed so
as to further strengthen the structural materials than can
withstand various calamities and disasters.
68. Quantitative research is used to analyze how
sports may be used as an alternative way of
medicating an illness. An example is the research
done by University of Eastern Finland which
investigated the relationship between
mushrooming of fast food chains and obesity, as
well as the intervention needed to prevent
children’s obesity from reaching serious
proportions. The research focused on the
children’s physical activity and physical inactivity
and the concomitant impact on the children’s
amount of adipose tissue (fat mass) and the
endurance fitness. The study is used to analyze
certain the effect of physical activity in weight
control.