The document discusses the nature and types of variables used in research, including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio variables, and their various applications across fields like anthropology, communication, medicine, psychology, education, social science, business, agriculture, and ICT. It emphasizes the importance of quantitative research for understanding relationships and differences in human behavior and societal dynamics. Additionally, it provides references for further exploration of quantitative research concepts and methodologies.

1. Practical
Research 2
WEEK 2 | 1ST
QUARTER
JOSEPH Z. RIZON, MAED

2. Learning Competency
Differentiates kinds of variables and their
uses

3. KINDS OF VARIABLES AND
THEIR USES

4. What is a Variable?
It refers to a characteristics or attribute of an
individual or an organization that can be
measured or observed and that varies among
people or organization being studied.
The most common variables in social
research are age, sex, gender, education,
income, marital status and occupation.

5. What is a Variable?
refers to characteristics, or attribute
of an individual or an organization
that can be measured or observed
and that varies among the people or
organization being studied (Creswell,
2002).

6. What is a Variable?
refers to characteristics, or attribute
of an individual or an organization
that can be measured or observed
and that varies among the people or
organization being studied (Creswell,
2002).

7. If you are going to conduct research which
field are you going to focus on? Why?

8. The Nature of Variables and
Data

9. The Nature of Variables and Data
oNOMINAL VARIABLE represents categories that cannot be
ordered in any particular way.
oThese are variables whose data are non-numeric labels
that do not reflect quantitative information
oExample: gender, political affiliation, social status

10. The Nature of Variables and Data
oORDINAL VARIABLE represents categories that can be
ordered from smallest to greatest. It refers to variables
where there is a meaningful order or categories but there
is no measurable distance between categories
oExample: grade level, sibling rank

11. The Nature of Variables and Data
oINTERVAL VARIABLE –values that lie along an evenly
dispersed range of numbers. It is a variable whose data
values are ranged in a real interval and can be as large as
from negative infinity to positive infinity.
oExample: Temperature, IQ Level

12. The Nature of Variables and Data
oRATIO VARIABLES have values that lie along an evenly
dispersed range of numbers when there is an absolute
zero.

13. Kinds of Variables

14. Kinds of Variables
oIndependent Variables- those that probably cause
influence or affect outcomes. They are invariably called
treatment, manipulated, antecedent or predictor variables.

15. Research & ANTHROPOLOGY
oThis theory of human evolution was
realized due to quantitative research
that analyzes the fossils (remains of the
past) such as stone imprints of humans
and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
remnants. Measuring the remains of the
past to interpret the future is a product
of quantitative research.

16. Research & COMMUNICATION
ois the act of conveying
meanings from one entity or
group to another through the
use of mutually understood
signs, symbols, and semiotic
rules.

17. Research & COMMUNICATION
oThe primary purpose of
communication research is to
help people understand
communication phenomena and
direct their communication
towards accomplishing individual
and organizational goals.

18. Research & COMMUNICATION
oThrough quantitative research,
people can communicate with each
other from distant places because of
telephones and internet connections.
oThe invention of modern
communication devices is a product
of quantitative research.

19. Research & COMMUNICATION
oEnhancing communication
skills is one of the most
researched topics for
quantitative research.

20. Research & MEDICINE
ois the science and practice of
establishing the diagnosis,
prognosis, treatment, and
prevention of disease. It
encompasses a variety of health
care practices to maintain and
restore health through the
prevention and treatment of illness.

21. Research & MEDICINE
oMost medical or health care
research is based on quantitative
methods in which, by definition,
information is quantifiable.
oThe role of quantitative research in
medical education tends to be
predominantly observational
research based on surveys or
correlational studies

22. Research & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
oContemporary researchers are
interested in two types of
questions namely, questions of
relationship and questions of
differences
oExample: Are certain supervisor
communication skills related to
emotional experiences of
employees?

23. Research & PSYCHOLOGY
oPsychologists study the mental
process and human behavior by
interpreting and recording how
people relate to one another and
the environment.
oWithout quantitative research, our
mental and emotional problems
will not be properly attended to.

24. Research & PSYCHOLOGY
oResearch Areas:
oProblems encountered by individuals,
groups and families
oMemory and thinking, conscious
processes, perceptions, problem
solving, and creativity
oIntellectual development, emerging
personality, and the acquisition of
language

25. Research & EDUCATION
oIn deductive type of research, SHS
students develop critical thinking
capability and effective analytical
research, and communication
skills that are incredibly beneficial
oEnhances both reading and
writing

26. Research & EDUCATION
oResearch areas
oLearning strategies
oAcademic Performance
oMastery
oCurriculum Development
oAssessment

27. Research & SOCIAL SCIENCE
ois the study of society and how
people behave and influence the
world around them.
oScientific study of human society
and social relationships
oResearch conducted to determine
the extent of leadership competence
of organizational leaders

28. Research & BUSINESS
oImprove the overall marketing
strategy, help the company make
informed decisions on how to move
forward with a particular product or
service, and even solicit consumers'
opinions for productivity.

29. Research & BUSINESS
oResearch areas:
oProduce consumer goods or mass-
market items
oProduct innovation and advancement
and to improve improving services
oBusiness strategies

30. Research & AGRICULTURE
oThe significance of quantitative
research in agriculture and fisheries
cannot be overstated because it aids
in the detection of disease trends in
crops, the elimination of threats, and
the prevention of future outbreaks
oEssential for sustainable and
inclusive agricultural development

31. Research & ICT
oQuantitative approaches are frequently
used in the field of ICT to compute findings
and analyze systems using a scientific
approach.
oproven to be a major driver for innovation
and growth in many countries around the
world and is therefore the focus of policies
to strengthen research, collaboration and
application of research results

32. Any
Questions?

33. References
Alcosaba, L. (2021). Characteristics, Strengths, Weakness, and Kinds of
Quantitative Research |SHS| Practical Research 2 [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=12Q_5Q8Kjjs
https://www.coursehero.com/file/135266682/LESSON-2docx/
Wow Math (2022). IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ACROSS FIELDS ||
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCgy3wZYxE4
Creswell, J.W (2012). Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and
Qualitative Research. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-136739-5 (alk. paper)