This document summarizes a student research paper that examines students' perceptions of the efficacy of online classes compared to traditional in-person classes. The study was conducted among Grade 12 STEM students in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic when classes shifted online. The document provides background on the sudden transition to online learning in the Philippines. It also reviews related literature, which found that most students prefer face-to-face interaction and communication. However, online learning allows greater access to education. The study aims to understand barriers to online learning and factors that enhance its efficiency from the students' perspectives.

1. Virtually The Same? : A Students’ Perception of the Efficacy Between Online Classes and
Traditional Classes
A Research
Presented to the Faculty of
Liceo di San Lorenzo
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for Practical Research 1
by:
AGUINALDO, Wil Ausburt M.
GUILALAS, John Paul B.
HERNANDEZ, Andrei DR.
IGNACIO, Ian Russel C.
TOLENTINO, Aries John D.
UMALI, John Emmanuel G.
Liceo Di San Lorenzo
Km 37, Pulong Buhangin, Santa Maria, Bulacan

2. Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
During March 2020, the COVID-19 virus infected most people all over the world, the
government initially stated a month of lockdown in order to prevent the further transmission of
the virus. The spread of the virus caused all of the workers, employees and students around the
globe to completely cancel all businesses and programs from happening, all kinds of gatherings
were immediately cancelled as well. They were all locked down inside their houses. Before a
month of lockdown as per order from the government, people were scattered all around malls
and stores to buy their daily needs and enough supplies to support and feed themselves. Other
people ran out of food and supplies to buy, because of hoarders and people who were panic
buying.
After a month of lockdown, the Department of Education (DepEd) ordered all school
facilities and administrators to pass all students due to an extension of the lockdown that stopped
them from having face-to-face classes to prevent the further transmission of the virus.
Biana, Dacela, & Joaquin (2020) stated in their article, distance learning is broadly
characterized as any form of learning experience where the learners and the instructors are
physically separated from each other (not only by place but also by time). One of the examples
of it is online classes. Due to the current situation, online classes were being proposed by
Commission on Higher Education of the Philippines (CHED) Chairperson Prospero De Vera.

3. Biana (2013) One may claim that the main advantage of distance education is to bring
education to those who are unreachable, under-resourced, less-privileged and inaccessible.
Online class is a course conducted over the internet. They are generally conducted through a
learning management system, in which students can view their course syllabus and academic
progress, as well as communicate with fellow students and their course instructors. Guri-
Rosenblit, (2005) Taken as such, distance education “reaches out to students wherever they live
or wish to study.” (As cited in Biana et al., 2020).
Furthermore, distance learning is the viable option that provides every student an
opportunity to obtain enough education through access to applications such as Zoom Meeting
and Microsoft Teams. Moreover, distance learning is aiming to give the best educational values
and purposes that provide academic standards for students to unlock possibilities of themselves
on their own.
Bagayas (2020) Finally, there is an issue about the “lack of environments conducive to
learning at home and the effectiveness of the online lectures” (as cited in Biana et al., 2020). Not
every student has the capabilities to learn instantly. In addition, some students were convinced to
risk the factors of distance learning other than losing an opportunity to pursue their desire and
interests. Social media hashtags like, #NoStudentLeftBehind, #NoSchoolLeftBehind,
#EndOnlineClasses, #EndTheSem, and #NoToOnlineClasses strengthen these sentiments further.
Flores (2020) acknowledged in his article what Basillote stated, it is that when students
stop schooling, they are less likely to return to school – compared to if they had not stopped.
Also, the probability of the youth succumbing to crime and teenage pregnancy increases when
they are not in school. In other words, stopping education comes with both social and economic
consequences that hinder students’ long-term growth. These are the possible outcomes that

4. students will do in terms of academic freeze, it generalizes that the student may increase the
possibility of not learning much at all, due to incompetence and lack of discipline of the
community and society.
Sadly, whether or not schools reopen, students who are privileged will still have
resources to keep learning, while the poor will be left behind. According to Basillote as Flores
(2020) mentioned, this is where the government comes in – to direct resources to those who need
it the most, to ensure that less-privileged students do not get left behind. As online classes start,
many students pushed to trend the #AcademicFreeze on the social media app called ‘Twitter’.
These students badly demanded the government to have a break in academics, they used social
media platforms and signed petitions for their voices to be heard. Most of the students plead to
resume classes when the Philippines is fully vaccinated and immune to the Covid-19 virus in
order to continue the normal or traditional classes.
A traditional classroom involves a standard curriculum delivered by a teacher in-person.
Standardized tests are administered at regular intervals to test students’ comprehension. This
model is where students’ time, place and pace of learning remain constant.

5. Background of the Study
Students and educators globally meet the standard needs for online distance learning. It
is fair to assume that the Philippines is not yet ready for virtual learning, but the authorities
believe that classes should still be pushed through. Uttering words like “Education cannot wait”.
There are two learning options for public and private schools to maintain education throughout
the midst of the pandemic.
When compared to conventional learning, online or distance learning is more convenient
and has lessen the basic requirements. It also encourages students who may not otherwise return
to school to receive an education. However, unlike their traditional counterparts, students who
are enrolled in online learning and modular mode of learning do not benefit from direct contact
with their peers and teachers. Normal students can also more readily engage and trust their
teachers.
This study aims to reach the student’s perception about the efficacy between traditional
and online distance learning in Grade 12 students from Science, Technology Engineering and
Mathematics strand in Liceo di San Lorenzo.
The researchers used the qualitative research method given that the researchers wanted a
quality and detailed information for the readers to find out the student’s perception about the
efficacy between traditional and online distance learning.

6. Theoretical / Conceptual Framework
Statement of the Problem
1. What are the barriers that hinder students to learn efficiently through online classes?
2. Are students more engaged in learning virtually compared to when learning
traditionally?
3. What are the factors that enhance the efficiency of learning virtually?
Scope and Limitations
In general, the objective of this study is to know the student's perception of the efficacy
between Online classes and Traditional classes. This will include Grade 12 students from
Science, Technology Engineering and Mathematics strand in Liceo di San Lorenzo.
The participants will be selected randomly in this research. However, the proponents will
exclude Junior High School, Grade 11 and other Grade 12 students that are not under Science,
Output
A Students’ Perception of
the Efficacy Between
Online Classes and
Traditional Classes
The need to
continue education
Pandemic
Online
Classes
Sudden change in
learning environment
Traditional
Classes
Crowded places
are prohibited
Other countries
being more
efficient in
giving vaccines
“Education
should not be
interrupted
whatsoever”

7. Technology, Engineering and Mathematics strand. This study is largely dependent on the
honesty, sincerity and integrity of the participants.
Significance of the Study
The researchers would like to address the importance and significance of our study to
people who are on the mainstream of this research.
Students. This research will serve as a tool for every student to be knowledgeable about
the efficacy of online classes and traditional classes. Moreover, this will help in widening their
information and as well raise awareness about the given topic.
Teachers. Our study would like to propose and raise awareness about efficacy between
online classes and traditional classes that will help you on how to approach your current students
and know their capabilities to help them learn effectively as they should be.
Faculty Members. This research will help you to keep track about your students’
capabilities and which one is more effective for them for the improvement of the learning quality
in your institution.
Parents. This study serves as a voice for students to voice out their opinion and unleash
their capabilities, strength and weaknesses for you to know and help them become a better
student and an individual.
Future Researchers. This study can be your base to continue and fulfill the areas. The
researchers were lacking to fulfill and help our academic system improve with the use of our
studies.

8. Definition of Terms
Viable - Capable of living
Conducive - Tending to promote or assist
Succumbing - To yield to superior strength or force or overpowering appeal or desire
Hinder - To restrict the movement of by bonds or obstacles
Perception - The state of being or process of becoming aware of something through the
senses.
Efficacy - The ability to produce a desired or intended result.
Online Class - A course conducted over the Internet.
Traditional Class - Long-established customs that society traditionally used in schools.

9. Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Foreign Literature
Farooqui (2020) stated in her report that online education has an equal effect and
challenge not only for the student but also on the teacher as well. Bonk & Kim (2013) said that
the online learning education system has been used in higher education for the past 20 years.
Since technology is not new for us, it is only because of the pandemic that we turned to online
learning in-order for us to move forward in life (as citated in Ganesan & Meena, 2020).
Singer (2021) said that a year after the coronavirus made a mark on the world and also in
the education system, even when students were able to go back to their interactive face to face
learning in their respective classrooms, some of families were opting on going back to distance
learning. This online learning was intended to be a temporary solution to the sudden stop of
classes, but it seems that some people want it to become a permanent thing. The demand for
schools that offer virtual learning has increased. Hubler (2021) some schools have been opened
for face-to-face classes. But they are off to a slow start.
Paul and Jefferson (2019) said Online and traditional education share many similarities.
Students are still required to turn in their assignments and complete group projects. While
teachers, still have to design their curriculums, keeping in mind to maximize the capabilities of
giving out information to their students and to motivate them. They also still have to grade each
of their students. Bonk & Kim (2006) Institutions of higher education have seemingly embraced
online education. The number of students enrolled in distance learning programs have rapidly

10. increased in colleges and universities. In response to these enrollment demands, many of those
colleges, institutions and universities have been working on strategic and plans to implement
online education. Hall and Batty (2020) As schools shifted into the online side of things, some
worry that disabled students may slip through the cracks and get left behind. Razavi (2020) with
the Covid-19 Pandemic significantly reshaping the education system, learning may never be the
same again.
Foreign Study
Roblyer (1999) found that students preferred face-to-face classes because of the
interaction and ease of communication that comes with it, thus suggesting that face-to face
classes are preferred by most students (as citated in Platt, Raile, & Yu, 2014). Ferlazzo (2020)
conducted a study on multiple students on what they felt about their online learning experience.
Multiple respondents gave their experiences, most of them do not want to continue with online
classes as it is very stressful and hard for them to learn. In the past, researches on a students’
satisfaction with face-to-face leaning versus online learning found that students prefer higher
levels of interaction.
Horspool and Yang (2010) found that students attending face-to-face and online classes
gave their teachers positive ratings when it came to how quickly they responded, the lack of
interaction gave students a feeling of dissatisfaction. Hara and Kling (2000) found that there
were two major factors of distress on students in an online learning environment: technological
problems and communication problems. Students said there were a lot of confusion, anxiety and
frustration due to certain factors that involve networks and unclear feedback from the instructor.

11. Akers, Atchley, & Wingenbach (2013) Some studies suggested that students are in favor for
traditional classes, saying “Students that attended online courses will quit more easily”.
Goodarzi, Lashgari, & Shahidian (2011) Online education is a growing force in the field
of education. It is probable that in the near future, within a decade or two, online education will
be the global standard for our learning needs. Platt et al., (2014) said that investigating how
students perceive the efficiency of teaching in an online learning environment compared to an
interactive face-to-face environment is important to teaching curriculums so that they can make
the necessary adjustments in-order for their students to easily understand lessons while teaching
them from a distance.
Saminathan (2020) said that in today’s world the lack of knowledge on how to navigate
and operate a computer is a serious problem. Technological difficulties are inevitable and is
bound to happen at some point, this can cause stress to the educators. Our technology is only
going to be more advance overtime and you will have no other choice but to embrace that
change. Tientcheu (2021) Even though our technology has come a long way since we first
discovered it, Technical issues are a significant challenge when participating and hosting an
online class. There are a lot of risk factors that can interrupt the flow of your class and could
possibly lead to your students not understanding the lessons (.
Local Literature
With the widespread of Covid-19, the Philippine government had decided to deploy
quarantine protocols and to discontinue educational institutions for the meantime. With the
discontinuation of classes, over 28 million Filipino students were affected by this unprecedented

12. circumstance. The Department of Education (DepEd) Secretary, Leonor Briones, stated that
“Even in times of crisis like this, education must continue”. With this, they urged to implement a
flexible and alternative way of learning virtually or specifically referred to as ‘Online Classes’ to
students for them to be able to gain knowledge even in the midst of this pandemic (Biana,
Dacela, & Joaquin, 2020).
As a result of the sudden changes with the learning system, students who have no
experience with online learning encountered some complexities regarding the unexpected shift
from traditional classes to online classes (Santos, 2020). On top of that, learners and even
educators said that they have difficulties embracing this new curriculum due to lack of
knowledge about technology (Magsambol, 2020). On the contrary, learning virtually engages the
students to utilize their usage of technology in the modern times and to maximize their abilities
(Manuel, 2020).
Before the implementation of online learning, majority of classes were conducted on
school premises, specifically called as “Traditional Classes” in the Philippines. With the mode of
traditional learning, the interaction between learners and educators was easier back then. Because
students can address their questions and inquiries directly to their respective teachers.
Classrooms also serves as a pathway for students to socialize, to assess each student, to
brainstorm with each other and where they can learn to adapt in such environment. Also, it will
enhance a students’ ability to speak publicly with the use of presentations by engaging a student
to speak in front of the class. On the other hand, students may encounter conflicts in schedule or
when an unexpected emergency occurs that will result in their absence during the class. Some
students believed that taking public transport from school to their respective homes is quite

13. distressing and frustrating especially to those who have homes that are far away from school
(Dela Peñas, 2020).
According to a report by Barcelon (2020), The Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) and
Philippine National Police (PNP) confiscated a whopping 3,817 mobile phones, 101 pocket wi-fi
units, 41 tablets, and 7 laptops that were used in illegal activities. These devices were smashed
and ran over by an excavator. Netizens went to the social media platform “Twitter” to express
what they felt about the BuCor’s move. Stating “Nasasayangan ako kasi there’s someone out
there that desperately needs a laptop or a smartphone for online classes. Bakit hindi nalang nila
dinonate mga naconfiscate na gamit? Ang sakit lang kasi there was a chance to help, pero mas
pinili nalang nilang sirain mga ito”. The BuCor came out with a response saying that they have
considered this type of action. However, their campaign suggested otherwise. By destroying
those gadgets that were used for illegal activities, they are strengthening their motive for their
campaign.
Local Studies
Ignacio (2021) stated that learning with this new curriculum has been challenging and
gives a huge burden to those people who are having difficulties coping with the sudden changes
this pandemic has brought. Institutions are using a combination of asynchronous and
synchronous type of classes that are conducted by the educators. With the sudden changes, there
are some students and even some teachers who lack the knowledge of utilizing our renowned
technology, this hinders them to learn and teach efficiently. But despite the oppositions, majority

14. of the institutions in the Philippines are conducting plans in order to provide a better education
for all the learners in the midst of this pandemic.
The learning environment is not the same as it is used to be before, but the amount of
workload is the same as before (Corcuera, 2020). According to Riasati, Allahaya, and Tan (2012)
people who ‘lack access’, ‘lack time’, ‘lack modified training’, and ‘lack enough knowledge
about technology’, may have a hard time coping with this new type of learning (As cited in
Daniels, Sarte, & Dela Cruz, 2019). But despite the oppositions, with the implementation on the
usage of these materials could be a stepping stone to enhance the knowledge of every learners
and educators and even developers (Daniels et al., 2019). There are findings that learning
virtually has a significant contribution to a students’ improvement when it comes to learning and
with the continuous development of web-based learning, it can lead into a more effective and
efficient educational experience and it can also be an alternative way of learning (Francisco &
Barcelona, 2020). With the application of using an online learning system, it will be more
efficient, effective, and developed since Philippines is a developing country (Gorra & Bhati,
2016).
With the implementation of online learning, asynchronous types of classes are delivered
through a platform, wherein all the necessary materials and content can be seen by the students
on their own designated time preference. Also, flipped classrooms are done through video
recorded lessons and lectures that students can watch over time. In synchronous type of classes,
this is where live lessons and lectures occur and this is conducted through video conferencing
platforms where students and teachers can have an interaction (Ignacio, 2021).
Gorra and Bhati (2016) stated that with the use of technology, students can engage and
enhance their capability to adapt different strategies and knowledge which can help them to

15. maximize their learning. However, technology can also be served as a distraction to students
during their classes if not handled wisely. Devices such as laptops and mobile phones can be a
distraction when mobile phones start to ring, causing the student not to pay attention to the
discussion anymore, when it is used for watching movies or videos not related to the discussion,
when used in cheating during classroom activities and assessments, and for browsing social
media during live discussions and lectures.
In some institution, they discover that some learners are not prepared enough to face this
new curriculum because most of the students frequently run into challenges in adjusting to
learning styles, having to perform responsibilities at home, and poor internet connection that may
result in poor communication between educators and learners. However, some professors
provide enough time for students to prepare for their needs. Despite the negative factors that
occurred, it is said that some students feel convenient knowing that implementing online classes
is the only way to resume classes in the midst of this pandemic (Baticulon et al., 2021; Chua et
al., 2020).
Mobo & Sabado (2019) conclude that some of students think that online learning will
allow them to be flexible, to improve their time management, enabling them to study and to do
other activities such as chores. Also, online learning promotes a high productivity and effectively
enhances a students’ learning, helping them to assess their capabilities.
Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature and Studies
With our findings we conclude, the unexpected change in the education industry made a
huge impact on learners and educators all over the world. Many were quick to dismiss the

16. urgency of education to the younger generation, due to the fact that they were not able to easily
cope with the transition to the new normal form of learning. The less privileged were faced with
the problem of providing technology in-order for their children to meet the requirements for
distance learning.
The Philippines, ran by an incompetent and selfish government who could have helped
those who were in need of a device in order to take part in online classes did not take the
pandemic seriously as they do with most things handed to them. Other countries were simply
prepared and were technologically advanced enough to transition into online learning with ease.
Online learning has been used for many years now, but due to the pandemic it has been a
go-to learning method. Our technology has been growing and evolving very fast over the years.
The older generations found difficulty in operating devices used in teaching their students from a
distance. The students also found difficulty in dealing with the communication issues arising
when there are technological issues involved. With that being said, teachers also face
technological issues.
Majority of students are having difficulties with the transitioning from traditional classes
to online classes. Despite the complications in adjusting with this mode of learning, some of the
students conclude that with the usage of this type of learning, it will benefit them to know more
about this technology. Also, with the continuous application of online mode of learning, all the
encountered problems will be pointed out and as it goes by. It will continue to be developed and
solutions for the encountered problems will be answered.

17. Bibliography
Akers, Atchley, & Wingenbach. (2020, January 27). Comparison of Course Completion and Student
Performance through Online and Traditional Courses. Retrieved from www.erudit.org:
https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/irrodl/1900-v1-n1-irrodl05094/1066902ar/abstract/
Barcelon. (2020, August 14). Laptops, tablets, cellphones among contraband destroyed at New Bilibid
Prison. Retrieved from cnnphilippines.com:
https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/8/14/Laptops--tablets--cellphones--among-contraband-
destroyed-at-New-Bilibid-Prison.html
Baticulon et al. (2021, February 24). Barriers to Online Learning in the Time of COVID-19: A National
Survey of Medical Students in the Philippines. Retrieved from pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33649712/
Batty & Hall. (2020, May 4). 'I can't get motivated': the students struggling with online learning.
Retrieved from www.theguardian.com:
https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/may/04/i-cant-get-motivated-the-students-
struggling-with-online-learning
Biana, Dacela, & Joaquin. (2020, October 22). The Philippine Higher Education Sector in the Time of
COVID-19. Retrieved from www.frontiersin.org:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2020.576371/full
Bonk & Kim. (2006, January 1). The Future of Online Teaching and Learning in Higher Education: The
Survey Says. Retrieved from er.educause.edu: https://er.educause.edu/articles/2006/1/the-
future-of-online-teaching-and-learning-in-higher-education-the-survey-says
Chua et al. (2020, May 13). The status of the implementation of the e-learning classroom in selected
higher education institution in region IV-A amidst the Covid-19 crisis. Retrieved from
jcreview.com: http://www.jcreview.com/fulltext/197-1590731776.pdf
Corcuera. (2020, September 8). Back to (online) school: Thoughts on online learning. Retrieved from
dailyguardian.com.ph: https://dailyguardian.com.ph/back-to-online-school-thoughts-on-online-
learning/
Daniels, Sarte, & Dela Cruz. (2019). Students' perception on e-learning: a basis for the education
development of e-learning framework in higher education institution. Retrieved from
iopscience.iop.org: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/482/1/012008/pdf
Flores. (2020, July 17). Online classes: What the country will need to make them happen. Retrieved from
www.rappler.com: https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/in-depth/online-classes-what-the-
country-will-need-to-make-it-happen
Francisco, B. &. (2020, April 8). Effectiveness of an Online Classroom for Flexible Learning. Retrieved
from files.eric.ed.gov: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED607990.pdf
Francisco & Barcelona. (2020, August 8). Effectiveness of an Online Classroom for Flexible Learning.
Retrieved from files.eric.ed.gov: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED607990.pdf

18. Ferlazzo, Larry. (2020). What Students Are Really Thinking About Online Learning. Sacramento: EdWeek.
Retrieved from https://www.edweek.org/technology/opinion-what-students-are-really-
thinking-about-online-learning/2020/05
Genesan & Meena . (2020, December). LEARNER'S SATISFACTION ON ONLINE EDUCATION DIUING
COVID-19 LOCKDOWN PERIOD. Retrieved from www.researchgate.net:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348150688_LEARNER'S_SATISFACTION_ON_ONLINE
_EDUCATION_DURING_COVID_-19_LOCKDOWNPERIOD
Gorra & Bhati. (January , 2016 1). Students' perception on use of technology in the classroom at higher
education institution in Philippines. Retrieved from ro.uow.edu.au:
https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1878&context=buspapers
Hara & Kling. (2000, January). Student Distress in a Web-based Distance Education Course. Retrieved
from www.researchgate.net:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232891015_Student_distress_in_a_Web-
based_distance_education_course
Horspool & Yang. (2010, March). A Comparison of University Student Perceptions and Success Learning
Music Online and Face-to-face. Retrieved from jolt.merlot.org:
https://jolt.merlot.org/vol6no1/horspool_0310.htm
Ignacio. (2021, March). Online classes and learning in the Philippines during the Covid-19 Pandemic.
Retrieved from researchgate.net:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350739843_Online_classes_and_learning_in_the_P
hilippines_during_the_Covid-19_Pandemic
Jefferson & Paul. (2019, November 12). A Comparative Analysis of Student Performance in an Online vs.
Face-to-Face Environmental Science Course From 2009 to 2016. Retrieved from
www.frontiersin.org: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2019.00007/full
Joaquin, B. &. (2020, October 22). The Philippine Higher Education Sector in the Time of COVID-19.
Retrieved from frontiersin.org:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2020.576371/full
Karambelas, Devin. (2013, June 11). Study: Students prefer real classrooms over virtual. Retrieved from
www.usatoday.com: https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/06/11/real-
classrooms-better-than-virtual/2412401/
Magsambol. (2020, June 1). Fast facts: DepEd's distance learning . Retrieved from rappler.com:
https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/things-to-know-department-education-distance-
learning
Manuel. (2020, March 15). Advantages and disadvantages of online classes. Retrieved from
noypigeeks.com: https://www.noypigeeks.com/featured/advantages-disadvantages-online-
classes/
Manuel. (2020, September 28). How to make online learning effective? Retrieved from philstar.com:
https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/2020/09/28/2045112/how-make-online-learning-effective

19. Mobo & Sabado. (2019, August 1). An Assessment of the Effectiveness of E-Learning an AMA Olongapo
Campus. Retrieved from researchgate.net:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336277449_An_Assessment_of_the_Effectiveness_
of_E-Learning_in_AMA_Olongapo_Campus
Platt, Raile, & Yu. (2014, December). Virtually the Same?: Student Perception of the Equivalence of
Online Classes to Face-to-Face Classes. Retrieved from jolt.merlot.org:
https://jolt.merlot.org/vol10no3/Platt_0914.pdf
Razavi. (2020, May 27). 'Students like the flexibility': why online universities are here to stay. Retrieved
from www.theguardian.com: https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/may/27/students-
like-the-flexibility-why-online-universities-are-here-to-stay
Saminathan, V. (2020, December). PROBLEMS OF ONLINE CLASSES. Retrieved from
www.researchgate.net:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348447927_PROBLEMS_OF_ONLINE_CLASSES
Singer, Natasha. (2021, April 11). Online Schools Are Here to Stay, Even After the Pandemic. Retrieved
from www.nytimes.com: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/11/technology/remote-learning-
online-school.html?searchResultPosition=5
Tientchu, Vadys Thierry Lieutcheu. (2021, March). Challenges of Online Classes due to Covid-19.
Retrieved from www.researchgate.net:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350089987_Challenges_of_Online_Classes_due_to_
COVID-19