This document discusses the challenges of studying history between 700-1750 CE in South Asia. It notes that languages and meanings have changed over time, and terms like "Hindustan" no longer have the same connotations. It also discusses how historians still rely on many of the same sources like coins, inscriptions and texts, but there is discontinuity as well. The period saw many developments including new technologies, crops, religions and social differentiation. Large empires rose and fell, and regional identities emerged and changed. Dividing history into periods provides a framework but can oversimplify the constant transformations occurring in societies and economies over this thousand-year span.
NCERT CBSE SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS 6,7,8,9,10 HISTORY POLITICAL SCIENCE GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS
IN THIS CHAPTER YOU WILL GET ACCESS ABOUT CLASS 6 HISORY CHAPTER WHAT WHERE HOW AND WHEN
NCERT CBSE SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS 6,7,8,9,10 HISTORY POLITICAL SCIENCE GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS
IN THIS CHAPTER YOU WILL GET ACCESS ABOUT CLASS 6 HISORY CHAPTER WHAT WHERE HOW AND WHEN
1 tracing changes through a thousand yearsMahendra SST
NCERT CBSE SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS 6,7,8,9,10 HISTORY POLITICAL SCIENCE GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS
IN THIS CHAPTER YOU WILL GET ACCESS ABOUT CLASS 67HISORY CHAPTER 1
Slides Included:
⇒ Introduction
⇒ Examples
⇒ Important terms
⇒ Indian Secularism
⇒ Difference between Indian and American secularism
⇒ Why is it Important to Separate Religion from the State?
⇒ Steps were taken by Indian State to Protect Secularism in India
Prepared By
IT CLUB, Sainik School Amaravathinagar
Post: Amaravathinagar
Dist: Tiruppur, Tamilnadu
Club I/c
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
Prepared By
IT CLUB, Sainik School Amaravathinagar
Post: Amaravathinagar
Dist: Tiruppur, Tamilnadu
Club I/c
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
How, When And Where - Class 8 - History - (Social Studies)AnjaliKaur3
This PPT explains history chapter 1 from NCERT book in a very different manner. It will be useful for students and for teachers. It contains more information apart from books and hopefully students will find it interesting as they can relate this topic by going through different examples.
1 tracing changes through a thousand yearsMahendra SST
NCERT CBSE SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS 6,7,8,9,10 HISTORY POLITICAL SCIENCE GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS
IN THIS CHAPTER YOU WILL GET ACCESS ABOUT CLASS 67HISORY CHAPTER 1
Slides Included:
⇒ Introduction
⇒ Examples
⇒ Important terms
⇒ Indian Secularism
⇒ Difference between Indian and American secularism
⇒ Why is it Important to Separate Religion from the State?
⇒ Steps were taken by Indian State to Protect Secularism in India
Prepared By
IT CLUB, Sainik School Amaravathinagar
Post: Amaravathinagar
Dist: Tiruppur, Tamilnadu
Club I/c
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
Prepared By
IT CLUB, Sainik School Amaravathinagar
Post: Amaravathinagar
Dist: Tiruppur, Tamilnadu
Club I/c
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
How, When And Where - Class 8 - History - (Social Studies)AnjaliKaur3
This PPT explains history chapter 1 from NCERT book in a very different manner. It will be useful for students and for teachers. It contains more information apart from books and hopefully students will find it interesting as they can relate this topic by going through different examples.
Chapter 1 Before HistoryPre-human hominids are universally de.docxcravennichole326
Chapter 1: Before History
Pre-human hominids are universally deemed as the ancestors of the human race. Their occurrence is dated to be four to five million years ago, while the human race itself emerged nearly too hundred thousand years ago. Over the years, it has been keenly noted that humans share specific DNA composition with other primates. It is only a slight difference in the genetic makeup and body chemistry that makes humans have more intelligence than these other species, making them more adaptable to their environment and therefore give them a greater ability to control the natural world. This intelligence has seen the humans have greater potential for advanced and sophisticated social-cultural abilities that other species cannot measure up to. These unique and advanced abilities possessed by humans include well devised tools, technologies cooperation and communication skills.
The Paleolithic society, which is commonly known as the Old Stone Age is the longest era in the history of the human race on the planet. It is majorly characterized with hunting and gathering. It existed long before ancient agriculture emerged, and therefore it lived on looking for edible stuff from the wild life, both edible fruits and animal, hence their hunting and gathering lifestyle. Theirs was a completely liberal life, as there was nobody’s possession ever. No wealth, no private property. One very outstanding characteristic of this early man is the ability to communicate. There was a well-structured and powerful language that enabled them to communicate very important messages. For this reason, it was possible to pass information and knowledge to the next generation. The new generations would thus improve the knowledge and as it accumulated over the years, humans were able to give a good take on the various aspect of life they live. One common link between generation and creativity is the early cave paintings. This ability to communicate abstractly is the major skill that humans have banked on in realizing their present control over the natural world.
The Neolithic or the New Stone Age era proceeded the Paleolithic. It marks the transition from the hunting and gathering lifestyle of the Old Stone Age into a more civilized agricultural society. Human in this era lived in distinct communities which domesticated animals and grew crops. This is cited to have been taking place at around 9000 B.C.E. They lived together and their population grew over time. Unlike in the Old Stone Age, there was the aspect of ownership of property, hence personal wealth. The ownership of land was the major one, and it dictated the owner’s economic and political power. There were hierarchies of authority in aspects such as religion and government, a clear indication of an organized and civilized society. Just like the Old Stone Age, the New Stone Age gave interest in fertility as an important feature of their religion.
Later, within a period of four thousand years, the agricul ...
Chapter 1 Before HistoryThe emergence of the human race is pre.docxtidwellveronique
Chapter 1: Before History
The emergence of the human race is predated by the existence of pre-human hominids whom are now recognized as our ancestors. The time line for hominids begins about four to five million years ago, and our own species emerges around two hundred thousand years ago. It is noted that the human species shares nearly the same DNA as other primates, like chimpanzees. Because of small differences in genetic makeup and chemistry, human beings are distinguished by a higher intelligence and an ability to exercise much greater control over the natural world. For example, humans have been able to devise tools, technologies, language skills, and sophisticated means of cooperation and communication that other primates do not rival. It is evident that this higher intelligence possessed among humans was the source of potential for sophisticated cultural and social developments.
The Old Stone Age or the Paleolithic society was the earliest, longest period of the human species’ history on Earth, and they were foraging and hunting for good, and principally were made up of hunting-and-gathering societies. This was a period when humans had to stalk animals for food and therefore they were nomadic in lifestyle. There was no wealth or private property. Many scholars assert that humans were able to construct powerful languages and thus able to communicate complex ideas. This meant that humans could pass on knowledge to new generations based on this transmission of abstract symbols and that each new generation could use the knowledge accumulated in previous generations. One of the common links between generations is creativity. The earliest known examples of the cave paintings show how these early humans were exercising their creative imaginations and how they were able to provide a glimpse into their sensitivity and creative power.
The New Stone Age or the Neolithic era is defined by the transition from hunting-and-gathering societies to agricultural societies. These New Stone Age societies were settled societies and producing edible crops and created opportunities for human civilization to begin to flower. It is cited in the text around 9000 B.C.E. that peoples almost at the same time around the globe began to domesticate animals and cultivate crops. These societies were distinctive by remaining settled in one place and growing larger over time. These societies also developed hierarchies of authority in both religion and government. This is also a transition period when people in these settled societies began to evolve division of labor and social ranks. Private property also evolved as an important means of wealth. This ownership of land became an important source of economic and political power in the Neolithic era. The Neolithic religion reflected the same interest in fertility as the Paleolithic peoples, but also celebrated the particular aspects of the governed agricultural society.
Within f ...
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
3. If the context in which information is produced changes with time, what
about language and meanings? Historical records exist in a variety of
languages which have changed considerably over the years.
Take the term “Hindustan”, for example. Today we understand it as
“India”, the modern nation-state. When the term was used in the
thirteenth century by Minhaj-i-Siraj, a chronicler who wrote in Persian,
he meant the areas of Punjab, Haryana and the lands between the
Ganga and Yamuna.
Take, for example, a simple term like “foreigner”.
4. You will notice some continuity in the sources used by historians for the
study of this period. They still rely on coins, inscriptions, architecture
and textual records for information. But there is also considerable
discontinuity.
People used it to write holy texts, chronicles of rulers, letters and
teachings of saints, petitions and judicial records, and for registers of
accounts and taxes
Manuscripts were collected by wealthy people, rulers, monasteries
and temples. They were placed in libraries and archives. These
manuscripts and documents provide a lot of detailed information to
historians but they are also difficult to use.
5. The study of the thousand years between 700 and 1750 is a huge
challenge to historians largely because of the scale and variety of
developments that occurred over the period.
At different moments in this period new technologies made their
appearance – like the Persian wheel in irrigation, the spinning wheel in
weaving, and firearms in combat. New foods and beverages arrived in
the subcontinent – potatoes, corn, chillies, tea and coffee.
This was also a period of great mobility. Groups of people travelled
long distances in search of opportunity.
One group of people who became important in this period were the
Rajputs, a name derived from “Rajaputra”, the son of a ruler.
6. Other groups of people such as the Marathas, Sikhs, Jats, Ahoms and
Kayasthas (a caste of scribes and secretaries) also used the opportunities
of the age to become politically important.
Changes in their habitat forced many forest-dwellers to migrate.
Others started tilling the land and became peasants.
Some possessed more productive land, others also kept cattle, and
some combined artisanal work with agricultural activity during the lean
season. As society became more differentiated, people were grouped
into jatis or sub-castes and ranked on the basis of their backgrounds
and their occupations.
7. Large states like those of the Cholas (Chapter 2), Tughluqs (Chapter
3) or Mughals (Chapter 4) encompassed many regions.
By 700 many regions already possessed distinct geographical
dimensions and their own language and cultural characteristics.
Occasionally dynasties like the Cholas, Khaljis, Tughluqs and
Mughals were able to build an empire that was pan-regional –
spanning diverse regions.
When the Mughal Empire declined in the eighteenth century, it
led to the re-emergence of regional states
8. It was during this period that important changes occurred in what we
call Hinduism today. These included the worship of new deities, the
construction of temples by royalty and the growing importance of
Brahmanas, the priests, as dominant groups in society.
One of the major developments of this period was the emergence of
the idea of bhakti – of a loving, personal deity that devotees could
reach without the aid of priests or elaborate rituals.
Merchants and migrants first brought the teachings of the holy Quran
to India in the seventh century. Muslims regard the Quran as their
holy book and accept the sovereignty of the one God.
Many rulers were patrons of Islam and the ulama – learned
theologians and jurists. And like Hinduism, Islam was interpreted in a
variety of ways by its followers.
9. The study of time is made somewhat easier by dividing the past
into large segments – periods – that possess shared characteristics.
In the middle of the nineteenth century British historians divided
the history of India into three periods: “Hindu”, “Muslim” and
“British”.
Moreover, the “medieval” period is often contrasted with the
“modern” period. “Modernity” carries with it a sense of material
progress and intellectual advancement. This seems to suggest that
the medieval period was lacking in any change whatsoever.
During these thousand years the societies of the subcontinent were
transformed often and economies in several regions reached a level
of prosperity that attracted the interest of European trading
companies.
10. New and Old Terminologies
Historians and their sources
New social and political Groups
Region and empire
Old and new religions
Historical Periods