CHEM

1. Regents Biology
RIDDLES
1.
Soldiers line up spaced with pride, Two long
rows lined side by side. One sole unit can
decide, If the rows will unite or divide. Tell me,
tell me, scream it out. What's the thing I talk
about?
2. Shoot at me a thousand times and I may still
survive; one scratch from me and you will find your
prospects take a dive. What am I?
A zipper
An eight ball

2. Regents Biology 2006-2007
The Chemistry of Life
What are living
creatures made of?
Why do we have
to eat?

3. Regents Biology
 96% of living
organisms is
made of:
 carbon (C)
 hydrogen (H)
 oxygen (O)
 nitrogen (N)
Elements of Life

4. Regents Biology
Molecules of Life
 Put C, H, O, N together in different
ways to build living organisms
 What are bodies made of?
 carbohydrates
 sugars & starches
 proteins
 fats (lipids)
 nucleic acids
 DNA, RNA

5. Regents Biology
Molecules of Life
Start with water, add lots of small carbon-containing molecules and …….
How do you build a cell?
… these are the four major types of organic
molecules.

6. Regents Biology
Why do we eat?
 We eat to take in more of these chemicals
 Food for building materials
 to make more of us (cells)
 for growth
 for repair
 Food to make energy
 calories
 to make ATP
ATP

7. Regents Biology
What do we need to eat?
 Foods to give you more building blocks
& more energy
 for building & running bodies
 carbohydrates
 proteins
 fats
 nucleic acids
 vitamins
 minerals, salts
 water

8. Regents Biology
 Water
 65% of your body is H2O
 water is inorganic
 doesn’t contain carbon
 Rest of you is made of carbon molecules
 organic molecules
 carbohydrates
 proteins
 fats
 nucleic acids
Don’t forget water

9. Regents Biology
Which are organic and which are
inorganic?
 H2O
 CO2
 C6H12O6
 C12H22O11
 NaCl
 **We focus on organic compounds**
 However, water (H2O) is the most abundant
inorganic compound in the human body!

10. Regents Biology 2006-2007
How do we make these molecules?
We build them!

11. Regents Biology
Building large molecules of life
 Chain together smaller molecules
 building block molecules
 Big molecules built from little molecules
 polymers

12. Regents Biology
 Small molecules = building blocks
 Bond them together = polymers
Building large organic molecules

13. Regents Biology
Building important polymers
sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar
nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide
Carbohydrates = built from sugars
Proteins = built from amino acids
Nucleic acids (DNA) = built from nucleotides
amino
acid
amino
acid
–
amino
acid
–
amino
acid
–
amino
acid
–
amino
acid
–

14. Regents Biology
How to build large molecules
 Synthesis (“to make”)
 building bigger
molecules from smaller
molecules
 building cells & bodies
+
ATP

15. Regents Biology
How to take large molecules apart
 Digestion
 taking big molecules apart
 getting raw materials
 making energy (ATP)
+
ATP

16. Regents Biology
Example of digestion
starch glucose
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
 Starch is digested to glucose

17. Regents Biology
Example of synthesis
amino acids protein
 Proteins are synthesized by bonding amino acids

18. Regents Biology 2006-2007
Any Questions??

19. Regents Biology
Ever feel like doing this
to someone?

20. Regents Biology
ASSESSMENT
Most of the chemical reactions occurring
in a living cell depend on the
presence of an inorganic compound
known as:
A. Glycerol
B. Glycogen
C. Maltose
D. Water

21. Regents Biology
ASSESSMENT
STARCH MOLECULES PRESENT IN A MAPLE
TREE ARE MADE FROM MATERIALS THAT
ORIGINALLY ENTERED THE TREE FROM
THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT AS
1. ENZYMES
2. SIMPLE SUGARS
3. AMINO ACIDS
4. INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

22. Regents Biology
ASSESSMENT
WHICH ROW IN THE CHART BELOW
CONTAINS CORRECT INFORMATION
CONCERNING SYNTHESIS?
ROW BUILDING BLOCK SUBSTANCE
SYNTHESIZED USING
THE BUILDING
BLOCKS
1 Glucose molecules DNA
2 Simple sugars protein
3 Amino Acids enzyme
4 Molecular Bases starch