about gingivitis

1. TUTORIAL 3
SCENE 2
FASILITATOR LECTURER : drg.Firdaus,M.si

2. LEADER : (2110070110025)
SECRETARY : (2110070110023)
TUTORIAL 3
LOVENIKHLASI RADANTI 2110070110023
ERDINA WIRARIZKIANI 2110070110025
TASYA FAUZIAH UTARI 2110070110055
WIKHE BASLEN RAFLESIA 2110070110059
WIRHAN RAMADHAN LETMI 2110070110063
NATASYA SALSABILA 2110070110064
WAHDINI AMANDA 2110070110067
SANITA AYU SAGIAN 2110070110068
SEVINA MAHNOLIA 2110070110079
ASTRID RISAL 2110070110085
YOVI FATHIA TAMARA 2110070110097

3. A 34-year-old woman came to RSGM Baiturrahmah for the first time on the advice of her
brother to have her gums checked. The patient complains of swollen gums, bleeding occurs in
the gums when brushing teeth. His right lower front tooth fell out on his own 2 months ago.
Intra-oral examination showed poor oral hygiene and plaque deposits accumulated on the
maxillary and mandibular teeth. Cacculus is very abundant on the lingual surface of the
mandibular and sublingual incisors in all quadrants. Gingival recession and attachment loss were
found in all teeth. Pus comes out of the gingival sulcus of tooth 41. Margins and attached
gingiva are reddish, enlarged, soft in consistency and glossy smooth surface. Probing depth of
more than 5 m on all lower anterior teeth. The radiographic examination of all anterior teeth
showed furcation involvement and extensive bone loss around the mandibular incisors
SKENARIO 2

4. PROBLEM ANALYSIS

5. 1. Students are able to understand and explain the definition of periodontitis
2. Students are able to understand and explain the etiology of periodontitis
3. Students are able to understand and explain the classification of periodontitis
4. Students are able to understand and explain the pathophysiology of periodontitis
5. Students are able to understand and explain the prognosis of periodontitis
6. Students are able to understand and explain the treatment and prevention of
periodontitis
7. Students are able to understand and explain about the Qur'an and hadith related
to scenarios
LEARNING OBJECTIVE

6. 1. Students are able to understand and explain the definition of periodontitis
Periodontitis is a periodontal disease in the form of chronic inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth
caused by plaque bacteria. The process of periodontal tissue destruction in periodontitis begins with the
accumulation of plaque containing pathogenic bacteria and toxins. The interaction between plaque bacteria and
their products and the response of the host cell body triggers an inflammatory response that can cause ulceration
of the gingiva, damage to connective tissue, loss of alveolar bone to tooth loss.
L0 1

7. 2. Students are able to understand and explain the etiology of periodontitis
The main etiology of periodontal disease is bacteria that can cause direct and indirect damage to the supporting
tissues of the teeth. Bacteria that adhere to the teeth form plaque and mineralize into calculus.
Periodontitis is generally caused by plaque. Plaque consists of a thin layer of biofilm that contains bacteria,
bacteria and food production. This layer is attached to the tooth surface and is white or yellowish-white in color.
The plaque that causes periodontitis is the plaque just above the gum line. Bacteria and their products can spread
under the gums, causing inflammation and periodontitis. Periodontitis can also involve progressive loss of the
alveolar bone around the teeth, and if left untreated, can lead to loosening and subsequent tooth loss.
Periodontitis is caused by microorganisms that grow on the tooth surface.
Lo 3

8. 3. Students are able to understand and explain the classification of periodontitis
A. Chronic Periodontitis Chronic periodontitis is the most common type of periodontitis encountered in the
community. Chronic periodontitis is most common in adults, but can also be seen in children. Chronic
periodontitis is associated with the accumulation of plaque and calculus. Chronic periodontitis can be localized or
generalized.
B. Aggressive Periodontitis Aggressive periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the
teeth that progresses rapidly, characterized by loss of connective tissue attachment and rapid destruction of
alveolar bone in more than one permanent tooth.
C. Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease is a
condition if systemic disease is the main predisposing factor of periodontitis, but local factors such as the amount
of plaque and calculus in the mouth are not obvious, whereas if the periodontal destruction is the result of local
factors and is exacerbated by systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus or diabetes mellitus. HIV infection, the
diagnosis is chronic periodontitis with modified systemic conditions.
Lo 3

9. 4. Students are able to understand and explain the pathophysiology of
periodontitis
The pathophysiology of periodontitis cannot be separated from the role of bacteria in massive numbers that
reabsorb the alveolar bone crest. However, periodontitis has a multifactorial etiology and pathogenesis. In
addition to pathogenic bacteria, there are also other factors that contribute to periodontitis, such as the
presence of comorbidities and smoking habits.
Periodontitis develops from a reversible type of inflammation called gingivitis. The accumulation of calculus and
plaque in the subgingival area that is allowed to cause gingival recession. With the anatomical changes in the
gingiva, it is easy for bacteria to enter the pocket and continue to enter the tissue to damage the periodontal
tissue.
Lo 4

10. 5. Students are able to understand and explain the prognosis of periodontitis
Meanwhile, due to inadequate alveolar bone condition, tooth mobility and extrusion, bone
damage was seen reaching cervical in 3 teeth and poor oral hygiene and plaque index which
had reached 80%. However, these etiological factors may not get worse because of the
absence of allergies and systemic diseases that the patient has, so it is likely that the treatment
and healing process can run smoothly.
Lo 5

11. 6. Students are able to understand and explain the treatment and prevention of
periodontitis
Treatment of periodontitis is divided into 4 phases:
1. Phase 1: Initial therapy phase
2. Phase 2: Corrective therapy phase
3. Phase 3: Restorative therapy phase
4. Phase 4: Maintenance therapy phase
Prevention of periodontitis includes several procedures that are interconnected with each other, namely:
a. Plaque Control b. Oral prophylaxis c. Prevention of trauma from occlusion d. Prevention with systemic action e.
Prevention with orthodontic procedures f. Prevention with public dental health education g. Prevention of disease
recurrence
And also depending on the patient's condition, we can perform surgery if the disease is severe or the periodontal pocket
is more than normal, given rehabilitation therapy such as oral hygiene checks, gingival condition, tooth occlusion and
mobility, and the presence or absence of other pathological symptoms, and therapy initial measures such as caries
restoration or caries correction, scaling, temporary splinting, and antimicrobial therapy. Periodontitis can be prevented by
brushing teeth regularly, at least 2 times a day, ie every morning and at bedtime. In addition, clean between the teeth
using dental floss. That way, plaque will not form and avoid periodontitis.
Lo 6

12. 7. Students are able to understand and explain about the Qur'an and hadith
related to scenarios
ٗ
‫ه‬َ‫ل‬
ٗ
‫ت‬ٰ‫ب‬ِّ‫ق‬َ‫ع‬ُ‫م‬
ٗ
‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬
ِّٗ‫ن‬‫ي‬َ‫ب‬
ٗ
ِّ‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫د‬َ‫ي‬
ٗ
‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬ َ‫و‬
ٗ
‫ه‬ِّ‫ف‬‫َل‬‫خ‬
ٗ
‫َه‬‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ظ‬َ‫ف‬‫ح‬َ‫ي‬
ٗ
‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬
ِّٗ
‫ر‬‫م‬َ‫ا‬
ٗ
ِّ ٰ
‫ّللا‬
ٗ
‫ِّن‬‫ا‬ۗ
ٗ
َ ٰ
‫ّللا‬
َٗ
‫ل‬
ُٗ‫ر‬ِّ‫َي‬‫غ‬ُ‫ي‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬
ٗ
‫م‬‫و‬َ‫ق‬ِّ‫ب‬
‫ى‬ٰ‫ت‬َ‫ح‬
‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ِّ‫َي‬‫غ‬ُ‫ي‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬
ٗ
َ‫ا‬ِّ‫ب‬
ٗ
‫م‬ِّ‫ه‬ِّ‫س‬ُ‫ف‬‫ن‬
ٗ
‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِّ‫ا‬ َ‫و‬
ٗ
َ‫د‬‫ا‬ َ‫ر‬َ‫ا‬
ٗ
ُ ٰ
‫ّللا‬
ٗ
‫م‬‫و‬َ‫ق‬ِّ‫ب‬
‫ا‬ً‫ء‬ ْۤ
‫و‬ُ‫س‬
َٗ
‫ل‬َ‫ف‬
ٗ
‫د‬ َ‫ر‬َ‫م‬
ٗ
‫ه‬َ‫ل‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ۗ
ٗ
‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬
ٗ
‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬
ٗ
‫ه‬ِّ‫ن‬‫ُو‬‫د‬
ٗ
‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬
ٗ
‫ال‬‫و‬
"For man there are angels, who always follow him in turn, in front of and behind him, they guard him by Allah's
command. Verily Allah does not change the condition of a people, until they change the situation, which is in
themselves. And when Allah wills evil against a people, no one can resist it; and there is no protector for them
but Him." (Qur'an 13:11)
Lo 7

13. Periodontitis is inflammation of the periodontal tissues characterized by apical migration of the
junctional epithelium, loss of bone attachment and alveolar bone resorption. The main cause of
periodontitis is plaque, while other supporting factors are poor oral health, active smoking,
education level and socioeconomic status, age, gestational age, genetic factors and systemic
diseases that result in progressive destruction of periodontal tissue, alveolar bone accompanied
by pocket formation. , recession or both. Plaque is a substance that contains bacteria and debris
that collects on the tooth surface. One of the pathogenic bacteria that causes periodontitis is
Porphyromonas gingivalis.
conclusion

14. 
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