The Employees State Insurance Act 1948 provides essential economic and medical security for workers in specific factories and establishments. The scheme includes benefits such as full medical care, cash compensation for sickness at 70% of wages for up to 91 days, and maternity benefits during confinement for 12 weeks at 100% of average daily wages. It is managed by the Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC), ensuring assistance for employees unable to perform due to health-related issues.